This thesis investigates how actors shape the adoption of blockchain-based systems for patient-owned health data in the context of Swedish healthcare, with a particular focus on enabling interoperability. The study applies the Innovation Translation framework in a deductive, qualitative research design. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and secondary sources, and analyzed across the four translation stages of problematization, interessement, enrolment, and mobilisation, allowing the dynamics of both human and non-human actors to be systematically traced. The findings show that adoption is not driven by technology alone but by the dynamic roles actors play in shaping its meaning and use. Patients articulate demands for control and transparency, clinicians weigh usability against workflow constraints, policymakers and regulators define compliance boundaries, while technical artefacts and standards act as non-human actors that enable or restrict possibilities. These roles are fluid and continuously renegotiated, influencing both opportunities and barriers in the move toward interoperability. The study concludes that blockchain’s capacity to advance interoperable, patient-owned health data can only be realized when innovation is embedded within participatory governance, inclusive design, and long-term institutional commitment.