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Att förstå subtraktion: En litteraturstudie om elevers svårigheter i subtraktion och sambandet till division
Halmstad University, School of Education, Humanities and Social Science.
Halmstad University, School of Education, Humanities and Social Science.
Halmstad University, School of Education, Humanities and Social Science.
2025 (Swedish)Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesisAlternative title
Understanding Subtraction : A literature study on students' difficulties in subtraction and its connection to division (English)
Abstract [sv]

Denna litteraturstudie undersökte vilka orsaker som kan påverka elevers svårigheter i de tidiga skolåren (F-3) inom subtraktion. Syftet var att analysera dessa orsaker och vilka konsekvenser det skapar för den fortsatta matematikutvecklingen, vilka strategier som hade visat sig vara framgångsrika enligt tidigare forskning, samt hur blivande grundskollärare uppfattade subtraktion som räknesätt. Studien baserades på en systematisk litteraturöversikt där vetenskapliga artiklar söktes i databaserna ERIC och Google Scholar. Totalt inkluderades nio artiklar som analyserades tematiskt. Resultatet visade att val av strategier hade en avgörande betydelse för elevers aritmetiska förmåga och taluppfattning. Framgångsrika strategier kännetecknades av strukturellt angreppssätt, dekomposition och förståelse för relationerna mellan räknesätten. Samtidigt framkom att bristande förståelse för sambandet mellan subtraktion och division kunde leda till svagare prestationer, särskilt inom division. Vidare visade resultatet att blivande lärare ofta saknar djupare kunskap om elevers konceptuella förståelse och vanliga missuppfattningar i subtraktion, vilket tydliggjorde ett behov att lärarutbildningar i högre grad fokuserade på analys av autentiska elevlösningar. Sammantaget belyste studien vikten av att stärka både elevers strategianvändning och lärarstudenters didaktiska beredskap inom subtraktion och division.  

Abstract [en]

This literature study examined the factors that may influence students’ difficulties in subtraction during the early school years (Grades F-3). The aim was to analyse the factors behind these difficulties, identify the consequences they may have for students’ continued development in mathematics, determine which strategies have proven effective according to previous research, and explore how preservice elementary teachers perceive subtraction as an arithmetic operation. The study was based on a systematic literature review in which scientific articles were searched in the databases ERIC and Google Scholar. A total of nine articles were included and thematically analysed. The results showed that the choice of strategy plays a crucial role in students’ arithmetic ability and number sense. Effective strategies were characterized by structural approaches, decomposition and an understanding of the relationships between operations. The findings also revealed that a lack of understanding of the connection between subtraction and division may result in lower performance, particularly in division. Furthermore, the study showed that preservice teachers often lacked deeper knowledge of students’ conceptual understanding and common misconceptions in subtraction, highlighting the need for teacher education programs to place greater emphasis on analysing authentic student solutions. Overall, the study underscored the importance of strengthening both students’ use of strategies and preservice teachers’ didactic preparedness in subtraction and division. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2025. , p. 44
Keywords [en]
factors, consequences, strategies, structural approaches, decomposition, conceptual understanding, misconceptions, use of strategies, subtraction, division.
Keywords [sv]
orsaker, konsekvenser, strategier, strukturellt angreppssätt, dekomposition, konceptuell förståelse, missuppfattningar, strategianvändning, subtraktion, division
National Category
Didactics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-56845OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hh-56845DiVA, id: diva2:1978587
Educational program
Primary Teacher Education, 240 credits
Supervisors
Examiners
Available from: 2025-06-30 Created: 2025-06-27 Last updated: 2025-10-01Bibliographically approved

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