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Edge Computing on Embedded Systems using WebAssembly
Halmstad University, School of Information Technology.
Halmstad University, School of Information Technology.
2025 (English)Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
Abstract [en]

This thesis explores the viability and performance of WebAssembly (Wasm) for edge computing on embedded systems. Specifically, it evaluates whether WebAssembly, when executed on a lightweight embedded operating system such as Zephyr, can deliver adequate computational efficiency for typical edge computing scenarios. To assess this, a project was built using WebAssembly Micro Runtime (WAMR) integrated in Zephyr. A benchmarking program was developed to test common edge computing performance indicators and tasks such as Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and Matrix Multiplication under varying code optimization levels and runtime configurations. Results show that WebAssembly introduces significant overhead compared to native code execution when running in interpreter modes. However, it provides benefits with respect to portability, security, and sandboxing. The findings suggest that WebAssembly running in interpreter modes is not suitable for compute-intensive edge workloads on the i.MX RT1180 microcontroller because of the execution time overhead introduced and the lack of support for the WebAssembly System Interface (WASI) standard.

Abstract [sv]

Detta arbete undersöker brukbarheten och prestandan hos WebAssembly (Wasm) för edge computing på inbyggda system. Specifikt utvärderas huruvida WebAssembly, när det körs på ett lättviktsoperativsystem för inbyggda system såsom Zephyr, kan leverera tillräcklig beräkningsprestanda för typiska edge computing-scenarier. För att undersöka detta byggdes ett projekt som använde WebAssembly MicroRuntime (WAMR) integrerat i Zephyr. Ett benchmark-program utvecklades föratt testa vanliga prestandaindikatorer och arbetsuppgifter inom edge computing, såsom Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) och matrismultiplikation, med olika nivåer av kodoptimering och runtime-konfigurationer. Resultaten visar att WebAssembly medför betydande overhead jämfört med körning av native-kod, när det körs i interpreter-lägen. Däremot erbjuder det fördelar i form av portabilitet, säkerhet och sandboxing. Testresultaten ger stöd för att WebAssembly, när det körs i interpreter-lägen, inte är lämpligt för beräkningsintensiva edge-arbetslaster på i.MX RT1180 mikrokontrollern, på grund av den extra körningstiden som introduceras och avsaknaden av WebAssembly System Interface (WASI)-stöd.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2025. , p. 60
Keywords [en]
WASM, Edge, Embedded, IoT, WAMR
National Category
Computer Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-56659OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hh-56659DiVA, id: diva2:1975228
External cooperation
HMS
Subject / course
Computer science and engineering
Educational program
Computer Science and Engineering, 300 credits
Supervisors
Examiners
Available from: 2025-06-24 Created: 2025-06-23 Last updated: 2025-10-01Bibliographically approved

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CiteExportLink to record
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