The transition towards electric aviation is a potential key component in the broader decarbonization of transportation. However, the transition is not only a technological challenge, but also a systemic transition that affects a wide range of institutions and actors. This thesis explores how the potential shift towards electric aviation is reshaping roles and collaborations within the Swedish aviation ecosystem and the barriers that may hinder its implementation. Adopting a qualitative case study approach grounded in ecosystem theory, the study is based on 17 interviews with actors, including airports, energy providers, policymakers, and trade associations. Through thematic analysis, the study identifies shifts in actor roles, especially among municipalities, energy actors, and airports, who assume new responsibilities related to energy infrastructure and coordination. Despite initial signs of ecosystem co-evolution, the transition is slowed by four key barriers: regulatory and institutional misalignments, infrastructure and technological constraints, economic and market-related uncertainties, and collaboration and coordination complexity. The findings suggest, that without strong orchestration, clear governance structures, and shared incentives, the ecosystem risks failure. This thesis contributes to research on sustainability transitions by highlighting how emerging ecosystems develop in a publicly governed context, where actors co-evolution and alignment are crucial for successful implementation.