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Patienters upplevelser av livsstilsförändringar efter hjärtinfarkt: En allmän litteraturstudie
Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
2025 (Swedish)Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesisAlternative title
Patient’s experiences of lifestyle changes after myocardial infarction : A general literature study (English)
Abstract [sv]

Bakgrund: Hjärtinfarkt räknas som en allvarlig och potentiellt livshotande händelse som berör tusentals individer varje år. Livsstilsförändringar efter en hjärtinfarkt har visat sig effektivt reducera risken för recidiverande hjärtinfarkt. Efter konstaterad hjärtinfarkt uppmuntras patienter till en hälsosammare livsstil där rökavvänjning, hälsosam kost, minskad alkoholkonsumtion och ökad fysisk aktivitet inkluderas. Sjuksköterskan har ett ansvar att stödja patienter vid livsstilsförändringar genom individanpassad rådgivning, motivation och kontinuerlig uppföljning, vilket kan bidra till långsiktiga hälsosamma vanor och ökad livskvalitet. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att belysa patienters upplevelser av livsstilsförändringar efter hjärtinfarkt. Metod: En litteraturstudie utfördes med en induktiv ansats med hjälp av systematisk granskning och analys av tio vetenskapliga artiklar enligt Popenoe et al. (2021). Resultat: Tre huvudkategorier identifierades: Mental påverkan, sociala faktorer samt stöd och vård vid livsstilsförändringar. Konklusion: Studien visar att patienters förmåga till att upprätthålla livsstilsförändringar styrs av flera faktorer som motivation, stöd från vården och individanpassad rådgivning. Brist på långsiktigt stöd skapade däremot hinder för en hälsosam livsstil, såsom en låg känsla av sammanhang och minskad lust till förändring på grund av rädsla.

Abstract [en]

Background: Myocardial infarction is a serious, potentially life-threatening event affecting thousands of individuals each year. Its high prevalence emphasizes the importance of preventive measures and person-centered care. Lifestyle changes after a myocardial infarction are proven to reduce the risk of recurrence. Patients are encouraged to adopt a healthier lifestyle, including smoking cessation, a nutritious diet, reduced alcohol consumption and physical activity. Nurses are responsible for supporting patients through lifestyle changes by providing personalized advice, motivation, and continuous follow-ups, which can contribute to long-term healthy habits and improved quality of life. Aim: This study aimed to highlight patients´ experiences of lifestyle changes after a myocardial infarction. Method: A literature study was conducted with an inductive approach using systematic review and analysis of ten scientific articles according to Popenoe et al. (2021). Results: Three main categories were identified: Mental impact, social factors as well as support and care in lifestyle changes. Conclusion: The study shows that patients' ability to maintain lifestyle changes is influenced by several factors, including motivation, support from healthcare, and personalized health advice. However, a lack of long-term support created barriers to a healthy lifestyle, such as low sense of coherence and decreased willingness to change due to fear.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2025. , p. 22
Keywords [en]
Experiences, Lifestyle, Lifestyle changes, Myocardial infarction, Patients
Keywords [sv]
Hjärtinfarkt, Livsstil, Livsstilsförändringar, Patienter, Upplevelser
National Category
Nursing Medical and Health Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-55919OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hh-55919DiVA, id: diva2:1954668
Subject / course
Nursing
Educational program
Nursing Programme, 180 credits
Presentation
2025-03-26, B128, Högskolan Halmstad, Campus Varberg, Otto Torells gata 20, Varberg, 13:00 (Swedish)
Supervisors
Examiners
Available from: 2025-04-28 Created: 2025-04-25 Last updated: 2025-10-01Bibliographically approved

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