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Deepfake Image Forensics for Privacy Protection and Authenticity Using Deep Learning
Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Halmstad University, School of Information Technology. National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4826-7746
Department of Cyber Security, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.ORCID iD: /0000-0002-6937-4161
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2025 (English)In: Information, E-ISSN 2078-2489, Vol. 16, no 4, p. 1-30, article id 270Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This research focuses on the detection of deepfake images and videos for forensic analysis using deep learning techniques. It highlights the importance of preserving privacy and authenticity in digital media. The background of the study emphasizes the growing threat of deepfakes, which pose significant challenges in various domains, including social media, politics, and entertainment. Current methodologies primarily rely on visual features that are specific to the dataset and fail to generalize well across varying manipulation techniques. However, these techniques focus on either spatial or temporal features individually and lack robustness in handling complex deepfake artifacts that involve fused facial regions such as eyes, nose, and mouth. Key approaches include the use of CNNs, RNNs, and hybrid models like CNN-LSTM, CNN-GRU, and temporal convolutional networks (TCNs) to capture both spatial and temporal features during the detection of deepfake videos and images. The research incorporates data augmentation with GANs to enhance model performance and proposes an innovative fusion of artifact inspection and facial landmark detection for improved accuracy. The experimental results show near-perfect detection accuracy across diverse datasets, demonstrating the effectiveness of these models. However, challenges remain, such as the difficulty of detecting deepfakes in compressed video formats, the need for handling noise and addressing dataset imbalances. The research presents an enhanced hybrid model that improves detection accuracy while maintaining performance across various datasets. Future work includes improving model generalization to detect emerging deepfake techniques better. The experimental results reveal a near-perfect accuracy of over 99% across different architectures, highlighting their effectiveness in forensic investigations. © 2025 by the authors

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Basel: MDPI, 2025. Vol. 16, no 4, p. 1-30, article id 270
Keywords [en]
deepfake detection, image forensics, video forensics, deep learning, facial landmark detection, cybersecurity and privacy protection, digital media authenticity, ai-generated content detection, manipulated media detection, real-time deepfake detection
National Category
Computer graphics and computer vision Computer Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-55730DOI: 10.3390/info16040270OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hh-55730DiVA, id: diva2:1948747
Available from: 2025-03-31 Created: 2025-03-31 Last updated: 2025-10-01Bibliographically approved

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Adeel, Zafar

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