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Forecasting EV charging station occupancy using ST-GCN and adapter-based transfer learning: Improving charging station occupancy forecasting on ChargeFinder data using spatial-temporal graph convolutional networks and introducing BAM, an adapter for efficient fine-tuning
Halmstad University, School of Information Technology.
Halmstad University, School of Information Technology.
2024 (English)Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
Abstract [en]

As electric vehicle (EV) adoption increases, the demand for efficientand reliable charging infrastructure becomes increasingly important. Accurately forecasting charging station occupancy is useful for optimizing the use of existing infrastructure and improving the overalluser experience. This study utilizes data from ChargeFinder, focusing on Swedish charging stations, and applies various data processing techniques to manage missing and intermittent data, as well ascleaning the data to produce a robust input for the model. To predict occupancy, this thesis implements a Spatio-TemporalGraph Convolutional Network (ST-GCN) that incorporates a graphconvolutional network (GCN) as the spatial component and a Transformer model as the time series component. Additionally, the thesisintroduces the Bridged Attention Module (BAM), an adapter-basedtransfer learning method designed to facilitate parameter-efficientfine-tuning across different city networks, even with limited data. Experimental results, conducted on data provided by ChargeFinder, revealed that the ST-GCN with the incorporated Transformer component produced the best overall performance, highlighting the strengthof this architecture for predicting EV charging station occupancy. Furthermore, the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the BAM adapter, which not only achieved competitive Mean Squared Error (MSE) performance but also outperformed baseline models in several scenarioswhile using a small number of trainable parameters. These findings underscore the potential of integrating spatial and temporal components into the forecast model with adaptive transfer learning techniques to enhance the scalability and reliability of EV charging infrastructure management.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2024. , p. 111
Keywords [en]
AI, Deel learning, Machine learning, Electric Vehicles, Transfer learning, Charging station infrastructure
National Category
Computer Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-54692OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hh-54692DiVA, id: diva2:1902443
External cooperation
ChargeFinder
Subject / course
Computer science and engineering
Educational program
Computer Science and Engineering, 300 credits
Supervisors
Examiners
Available from: 2024-10-01 Created: 2024-10-01 Last updated: 2025-10-01Bibliographically approved

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fulltext(4023 kB)353 downloads
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CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf