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The effects of distracting thoughts on golf shot performance during internal and external focus of attention
Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
2022 (English)Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesisAlternative title
Effekten av distraherande tankar på golfslagsprestation vid intern och extern uppmärksamhetsfokus (Swedish)
Abstract [en]

Introduction: Being able to ignore distracting thoughts is often linked with better sports performance (Kane & Engle, 2003). Depending on how the performer directs their attentional focus it can either enhance or impair performance (Wulf & Su, 2016). However, the combined effects of distracting thoughts and attentional focus on motor performance need to be further explored. Objective: To examine the effects of distracting thoughts on golf shot performance during internal and external focus of attention. Methods: Twenty Swedish senior golf players, with ages varying between 21-52, were instructed to hit a golf ball as straight and as far as possible, both with (dual-task conditions) and without (single-task conditions) distracting thoughts, either with internal or external focus of attention. After each of these four conditions, participants evaluated their cognitive effort using a Rating Scale Mental Effort (RSME; Zijlstra, 1993). Results: In the single-task conditions, directing attentional focus externally was linked with an improved performance compared to an internal focus of attention which impaired performance. Findings also showed an impaired performance in the dual-task conditions, compared to single-task conditions. No substantial performance effects were found when comparing external with internal focus of attention under dual-task conditions. Results from the RSME showed that it requires more cognitive effort when performing a golf shot while influenced by distracting thoughts. Also, more cognitive effort was required during internal focus of attention compared to external focus of attention, which was true both with and without distracting thoughts. Conclusions: The current study’s findings indicate that there is a negative relationship between distracting thoughts and golf shot performance, also, focus of attention does not influence golf shot performance during dual-task. The findings also contribute to an increased knowledge concerning the association between dual-task, focus of attention and performance. This knowledge could be implemented into golf practice, both theoretical and practical, to enhance golf performance. 

Abstract [sv]

Introduktion: Att kunna ignorera distraherande tankar är ofta sammankopplat med bättre idrottsprestationer (Kane & Engle, 2003). Beroende på hur utövaren riktar sin uppmärksamhetsfokus kan det antingen bidra till en förbättrad eller försämrad prestation (Wulf & Su, 2016). Däremot finns det behov av att vidare utforska den kombinerade effekten som distraherande tankar och uppmärksamhetsfokus har på motorisk prestation. Syfte: Att undersöka effekterna av distraherande tankar på golfslagsprestation under intern och extern uppmärksamhetsfokus. Metod: Tjugo svenska senior golfspelare, i åldrarna 21–52, hade som uppgift att slå golfslag så långt och rakt som möjligt, både med (dual-task conditions) och utan (single-task conditions) distraherande tankar, med antingen intern eller extern uppmärksamhetsfokus. Deltagarna värderade även sin upplevda kognitiva ansträngning efter varje förhållande med hjälp av Rating Scale Mental Effort (RSME; Zijlstra, 1993). Resultat: Vid single-task förhållandet var externt riktat uppmärksamhetsfokus kopplat till en bättre prestation jämfört med internt riktat fokus som i stället försämrade prestationsförmågan. Resultatet visade också en försämrad prestation i förhållandet med dual-task, jämfört med single-task förhållandet. Inga betydande prestationseffekter hittades vid jämförelse mellan extern och intern uppmärksamhetsfokus under dual-task förhållandet. Slutsats: Den aktuella studiens resultat indikerar att det finns ett negativt samband mellan distraherande tankar och golfprestation, samt att uppmärksamhetsfokus inte påverkar golfprestation under dual-task. Resultaten bidrar till en ökad kunskap om relationen mellan dual-task, uppmärksamhetsfokus och prestation. Denna kunskap kan implementeras i golfträning, både teoretisk och praktisk, för att förbättra golfprestation. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2022. , p. 38
Keywords [en]
dual-task, golf, distracting thoughts, senior golfers, performance, working memory task, internal and external focus of attention, cognition
Keywords [sv]
dual-task, golf, distraherande tankar, senior golfspelare, prestation, arbetsminnesuppgift, intern och extern uppmärksamhetsfokus, kognition
National Category
Sport and Fitness Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-46837OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hh-46837DiVA, id: diva2:1662628
Subject / course
Sport Science
Educational program
Psychology - Sport and Exercise, 180 credits
Supervisors
Examiners
Available from: 2022-06-02 Created: 2022-06-01 Last updated: 2025-10-01Bibliographically approved

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CiteExportLink to record
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Citation style
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