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Velody 2–Resilient High-Capacity MIDI Steganography for Organ and Harpsichord Music
Halmstad University, School of Information Technology, Halmstad Embedded and Intelligent Systems Research (EIS), CAISR - Center for Applied Intelligent Systems Research.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9307-9421
Halmstad University, School of Information Technology, Halmstad Embedded and Intelligent Systems Research (EIS).
2021 (English)In: Applied Sciences, E-ISSN 2076-3417, Vol. 11, no 1Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

A new method for musical steganography for the MIDI format is presented. The MIDI standard is a user-friendly music technology protocol that is frequently deployed by composers of different levels of ambition. There is to the author’s knowledge no fully implemented and rigorously specified, publicly available method for MIDI steganography. The goal of this study, however, is to investigate how a novel MIDI steganography algorithm can be implemented by manipulation of the velocity attribute subject to restrictions of capacity and security. Many of today’s MIDI steganography methods—less rigorously described in the literature—fail to be resilient to steganalysis. Traces (such as artefacts in the MIDI code which would not occur by the mere generation of MIDI music: MIDI file size inflation, radical changes in mean absolute error or peak signal-to-noise ratio of certain kinds of MIDI events or even audible effects in the stego MIDI file) that could catch the eye of a scrutinizing steganalyst are side-effects of many current methods described in the literature. This steganalysis resilience is an imperative property of the steganography method. However, by restricting the carrier MIDI files to classical organ and harpsichord pieces, the problem of velocities following the mood of the music can be avoided. The proposed method, called Velody 2, is found to be on par with or better than the cutting edge alternative methods regarding capacity and inflation while still possessing a better resilience against steganalysis. An audibility test was conducted to check that there are no signs of audible traces in the stego MIDI files. © 2020 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
MDPI, 2021. Vol. 11, no 1
Keywords [en]
MIDI, velocity values, carrier file, stego file, capacity, steganalysis resilience, audibility, file-size change-rate, mean absolute error, peak signal-to-noise ratio
National Category
Computer Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-44269DOI: 10.3390/app11010039ISI: 000605894400001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85098619917OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hh-44269DiVA, id: diva2:1553592
Funder
Knowledge Foundation, F2019/151Available from: 2021-05-10 Created: 2021-05-10 Last updated: 2025-10-01Bibliographically approved

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Järpe, EricWeckstén, Mattias

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CAISR - Center for Applied Intelligent Systems ResearchHalmstad Embedded and Intelligent Systems Research (EIS)
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