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Adoption Process of Blockchain Technology in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises
Halmstad University, School of Business, Innovation and Sustainability.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5546-3569
2024 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Background: In today’s rapidly evolving digital economy, the ability of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) to adopt emerging technologies is critical to their long-term sustainability, competitiveness, and capacity for innovation. SMEs, which account for a significant portion of global economic growth and employment, are particularly vulnerable to the disruptive forces of digital transformation. Unlike larger enterprises, they often operate with limited financial resources, reduced access to technical expertise, and a higher sensitivity to market fluctuations. These constraints pose substantial barriers to technology adoption, yet the need for SMEs to remain competitive in a digital-first world has never been more urgent. In particular, the adoption of advanced technologies, such as blockchain, holds tremendous potential to enhance operational efficiencies, streamline processes, and unlock new avenues for growth and innovation. Despite these benefits, many SMEs struggle to effectively integrate blockchain into their operations, lagging larger companies in leveraging this technology. Purpose: This research addresses the problem of blockchain adoption within SMEs, which is both a significant challenge and an untapped opportunity. While SMEs constitute 99% of European companies and play a pivotal role in driving innovation and employment across industries, their pace of adopting advanced technologies like blockchain remains notably slower compared to larger organizations. The discrepancy between SMEs' essential role in economic growth and their delayed adoption of cutting-edge technologies exposes deeper theoretical and empirical challenges that need to be understood and addressed. The study aims to provide actionable insights and strategies to empower SMEs in overcoming these barriers and successfully integrating blockchain into their operations. Method: To address these challenges, the study proposes the "Dynamic Technology Adoption Model for SMEs" (DTAM-SMEs), developed through four key stages of i) conducting a systematic literature review to capture the broad spectrum of technology adoption within SMEs, (ii) identifying key factors influencing the pre-adoption phase of blockchain, (iii) analysing the determinants impacting the implementation phase, and (iv) examining the dynamic interplay of environmental and technological factors that shape ongoing adoption processes.  Findings: The DTAM-SMEs model offers both theoretical insights and practical contributions. It provides SMEs, policymakers, and business leaders with a strategic roadmap for successful blockchain adoption. By addressing specific barriers in the pre-adoption and implementation phases and considering the dynamic interplay of factors influencing adoption, the model aims to enhance operational efficiency, streamline processes, and drive long-term growth for SMEs. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Halmstad: Halmstad University Press, 2024. , p. 129
Series
Halmstad University Dissertations ; 125
Keywords [en]
Blockchain adoption, SMEs, Technology adoption, Dynamic Technology Adoption Model (DTAM-SMEs), Innovation in SMEs, Adoption barriers
National Category
Economics and Business
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-55020ISBN: 978-91-89587-67-0 (print)ISBN: 978-91-89587-66-3 (electronic)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hh-55020DiVA, id: diva2:1918344
Public defence
2025-01-16, S1022, Kristian IV:s väg 3, Halmstad, 09:15 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2024-12-06 Created: 2024-12-04 Last updated: 2024-12-09Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Supporting and hampering factors with regard to innovation in emerging countries: Insights from a systematic literature review
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Supporting and hampering factors with regard to innovation in emerging countries: Insights from a systematic literature review
2018 (English)Conference paper, Oral presentation only (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to map supporting and hampering factors on innovation activities in emerging countries.

Design/methodology/approach: The research is based on a systematic literature review (SLR) approach including several steps; determination of keywords and strings, selection of data bases, inclusion and exclusion of articles considered search in chosen databases. 160 articles were included in the analysis.

Originality/value: This review provides an insight into the current body of knowledge on the topic which researchers can benefit from constructing an in-depth understanding of the state of research as well as innovation activities in emerging countries although our initial understanding presents a limited research on this topic.

Practical implications: Based on these findings, future research avenues will be proposed and shown to both researchers for conducting future research to fill the gaps in research in innovation activities in emerging countries, and also practitioners to better understand the possible supporting and hampering factors towards innovation activities in emerging countries and therefore, build a better organisational structure for their firm or organisation.

Keywords
Systematic Literature Review, Innovation outcomes, Knowledge application, Emerging Countries, Innovation activities.
National Category
Business Administration
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-55019 (URN)
Conference
International Forum on Knowledge Asset Dynamics (IFKAD), Delft, Netherlands, 4-6 July, 2018
Available from: 2024-12-04 Created: 2024-12-04 Last updated: 2024-12-06Bibliographically approved
2. Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) facing an evolving technological era: a systematic literature review on the adoption of technologies in SMEs
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) facing an evolving technological era: a systematic literature review on the adoption of technologies in SMEs
2022 (English)In: European Journal of Innovation Management, ISSN 1460-1060, E-ISSN 1758-7115, Vol. 25, no 6, p. 735-757Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Purpose: This paper aims to map the influential concepts on technology adoption in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) through conducting a systematic literature review and finding a better understanding of the current body of knowledge. Design/methodology/approach: A systematic literature review approach is taken here, which includes the following steps: Determination of keywords and strings, selection of databases, setting inclusion and exclusion criteria, conducting the search in chosen databases over a specific period of time. This process has led to the final count of 349 peer-reviewed articles being studied, and the results are analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Findings: As a result of the study, 11 categories of influential concepts on technology adoption are identified by reviewing literature from the past decade. This article indicates how fragmented the literature is and how it concentrates on studying the impact of only a limited number of categories of concepts. The scatted frameworks (theoretical and conceptual) and weak application of the used theories found in this research also highlight the need for the development of a framework that looks into technology adoption as a dynamic process due to the dynamic nature of new technologies today. Research limitations/implications: Based on the above findings, future research avenues are to look into technology adoption from a process perspective, to dig into less researched influencing concepts such as infrastructure, regulations, strategy and resources and their role in adoption of technology in SMEs as well as development of a framework for technology adoption that is aligned with these elements. Practical implications: Practitioners and policymakers will benefit from finding a helicopter view of the barriers and supporting factors throughout their technology adoption journey. The knowledge they gain from this study will better prepare them in building tools they need for adopting technology in their organizations and provide an in-depth insight to what elements can affect their journey. Originality/value: This review provides an insight into the current body of knowledge on the topic, which researchers can benefit from constructing an in-depth understanding of the state of research as well as influencing concepts of technology adoption in SMEs. Moreover, it adds value in building up the knowledge of technology adoption in today's dynamic world of digitalization. © 2022, Seyedeh Zahra Zamani.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2022
Keywords
Digitalization, Integrated framework, Small and medium enterprises, Systematic literature review, Technology adoption, Technology adoption enablers
National Category
Social Sciences Interdisciplinary
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-48093 (URN)10.1108/EJIM-07-2021-0360 (DOI)000781992500001 ()2-s2.0-85129177820 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2022-11-23 Created: 2022-11-23 Last updated: 2024-12-04Bibliographically approved
3. The business opportunity of blockchain value creation among the Internet of value
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The business opportunity of blockchain value creation among the Internet of value
Show others...
2022 (English)In: Global Business Review, ISSN 0972-1509, E-ISSN 0973-0664Article in journal (Refereed) Epub ahead of print
Abstract [en]

Blockchain is a buzzword today, and its application is daily increasing. Recently, literature has proposed the new concept of the Internet of Value (IoV), which refers to a view of the Internet as a means where value is transferred as easily, cheaply and reliably as data is now transferred. The ever-growing interest in Blockchain research and practice has given rise to disorganized knowledge around its application, especially for business purposes. To qualitatively assess this gap, we conducted a literature review by investigating a final number of 169 original contributions produced in the last half-decade. The insights have been analysed and systematized considering the possible contribution of the Blockchain application to the Internet of Value, to shed light on Blockchain opportunities in business value creation regarding five basic topics: Blockchain exploitation in the energy sector; Blockchain exploitation in healthcare; Blockchain exploitation in supply chain management (SCM); Blockchain exploitation in industrial marketing; and Blockchain exploitation in data privacy protection. © 2022 International Management Institute, New Delhi.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
New Delhi: SAGE Publications India, 2022
Keywords
Blockchain, business management, data protection, healthcare, Internet of value, supply chain management, value creation
National Category
Business Administration
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-49087 (URN)10.1177/09721509221115012 (DOI)000840348500001 ()2-s2.0-85135955901 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2023-01-05 Created: 2023-01-05 Last updated: 2024-12-06Bibliographically approved
4. Blockchain and Energy distribution: A Qualitative Study of the Pre-adoption phase of Blockchain adoption in Solar Energy Distribution
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Blockchain and Energy distribution: A Qualitative Study of the Pre-adoption phase of Blockchain adoption in Solar Energy Distribution
2025 (English)In: Journal of Innovation and Knowledge, ISSN 2530-7614, E-ISSN 2444-569XArticle in journal (Other academic) Submitted
Abstract [en]

The COVID 19 crisis has underlined how important it is for companies to drive digitalization and adopt new technologies in order to be and remain competitive in the ever-changing and uncertain business environment. The adoption of disruptive technologies that can accelerate digital transformation has also increased during this period. The main objective of this study is to identify and develop a potential use case of blockchain technology in the pre-adoption phase of blockchain for improving the management of optimal distribution of solar energy electricity through a microgrid in the south of Sweden enabling a small business to enhance consumer behavior monitoring and therefore, incentivizing consumers on consumption of solar energy. Based on a qualitative research approach involving data collected through a variety of methods, this paper proposes and evaluates a potential use case of blockchain technology adoption in a smaller Swedish organization operating in solar energy distribution industry focusing on the pre-adoption phase.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Barcelona: Elsevier, 2025
Keywords
Technology adoption, blockchain, blockchain adoption, pre-adoption phase, solar energy distribution
National Category
Business Administration
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-55017 (URN)
Available from: 2024-12-04 Created: 2024-12-04 Last updated: 2024-12-06Bibliographically approved
5. Blockchain adoption in the Fashion Industry: A case study of implementation of Digital Product Passports
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Blockchain adoption in the Fashion Industry: A case study of implementation of Digital Product Passports
(English)In: Journal of Enterprise Information Management, ISSN 1741-0398, E-ISSN 1758-7409Article in journal (Other academic) Submitted
Abstract [en]

This paper explores blockchain implementation in SMEs, specifically in the fashion industry through Digital Product Passports (DPPs). DPPs streamline supply chain management, ensuring consistent product information, sustainability verification, and legal compliance. Traditional centralised databases struggle with the high-volume data generated throughout a product's lifecycle. To address this, blockchain is proposed as a secure, scalable solution to enhance supply chain transparency. The study identifies a gap in SME technology adoption literature. It provides a framework for tailored blockchain implementation, emphasising stakeholder-specific needs. By developing comprehensive business models across the value chain, SMEs can enhance supply chain reliability and transparency. Additionally, the paper offers practical guidance for DPP implementation, addressing industry-specific challenges related to blockchain. In summary, the paper narrows the focus on blockchain adoption in SMEs, clarifies the role of DPPs, and offers a distinct implementation framework for businesses looking to adopt blockchain. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited
Keywords
Technology adoption, blockchain, blockchain adoption, implementation phase, Fashion
National Category
Business Administration
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-55018 (URN)
Available from: 2024-12-04 Created: 2024-12-04 Last updated: 2024-12-06Bibliographically approved

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Zamani, Seyedeh Zahra

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