Political communication is an essential pillar of democratic governance and gives rise to various conditions for citizens to influence decisions concerning social issues and future essential issues. Within a people's government, legitimacy is a great motivation for people to participate actively by voting, debating and getting involved in various social issues. In recent decades, social media has laid the new foundation for how citizens participate politically. 

This has both opened up new opportunities but also given rise to new challenges. With the help of various platforms, politicians and citizens can communicate more and more easily, without intermediaries. This has streamlined various factors such as disseminating information, running campaigns and mobilizing support. At the same time, we see that social media has contributed to an increasingly polarized and fragmented public debate. In this study, we will examine how Swedish politicians experience political communication on social media. Filter bubbles, selective exposure and the spiral of silence may be underlying factors that may have given rise to a change in the conditions for political communication. Politicians can effectively express simplistic messages on social media. On the other hand, there are added risks where filter bubbles, spiral of silence and selective exposure affect how politicians view politics and how they participate in the social debate.

The main contributions that we found in the research that dealt with this research topic concluded that politicians routinely apply social media and that these media also have an impact on their work and private life. Furthermore, it provides the opportunity for Swedish politicians to shape their message independently and influence public opinion without filters from traditional media channels. Since there has been a shift, it is important to study how this has affected participation in the new sphere. Understanding this problem can provide insights into how new platforms shape political commitment according to Swedish politicians.

Global warming and climate change are some of the biggest challenges facing humanity. Extreme weather events, such as heat waves, droughts, floods and storms, are becoming more frequent, causing widespread human suffering, economic losses and ecological destruction. This thesis examines how the EU's Green Deal is reflected in the Swedish parliamentary parties' climate and environmental policies, with a focus on multi-level governance as a theoretical framework. By analyzing the interaction between different political levels, the study examines how the parties' climate strategies are designed and how ideological dividing lines affect their relationship to the EU's Green Deal. The essay maps how the parties present their climate and environmental visions and how these reflect the EU's initiatives for sustainable transition. The analysis also highlights how political ideologies and values affect the parties' attitudes to climate policy and the EU's Green Deal, and how these views interact within the Swedish political context and the ongoing climate debate. The results show both coherence and conflicts between the different parties' positions in relation to the EU Green Deal, reflecting complex political dynamics at national and international level. The conclusion is that multi-level governance plays a central role in the formulation of Swedish climate policy, but that the ideological differences between the parties lead to varying interpretations and implementation of climate and energy measures. Keywords: Political ideology; climatepolicy; energy policy Europe; European Union; Green New Deal; Multi-level Governance; Sweden  

Psykisk hälsa är ett växande problem bland såväl unga som vuxna. Trots kännedom och forskning om problemets närvaro så fortsätter den negativa utvecklingen. Psykisk ohälsa tar ofta form i ung ålder och problematiken kan synas redan hos barn. Det är då föräldrarnas, skolans och andra vuxna i barnets omgivnings ansvar att belysa denna problematik så tidigt som möjligt. Från och med 2025 så kommer en omställning av socialttjänsten att genomföras och ett ökat fokus på tidiga samordnade insatser för barns hälsa och utveckling kommer att träda i kraft. Syftet med denna studie är att belysa barn-och familjevägledares erfarenheter av att öka föräldrars kunskap om tidiga insatser för barns psykiska ohälsa. Arbetet har tagit teoretisk utgångspunkt i salutogent perspektiv och Illeris lärmodell. Vidare har studien utgått från en hermeneutisk vetenskapsteoretisk utgångspunkt. Studien har en kvalitativ grund med sju semistrukturerade intervjuer med barn-och familjevägledare inom socialtjänsten som arbetar på skolor. Sammanfattningsvis framhålls, utifrån studiens resultat, bland annat slutsatserna: betydelsen av relationsskapande arbete, svårigheter för att ta emot tidiga stödinsatser, och pedagogiska metoder och verktyg för att öka kunskapen hos föräldrarna. 

Introduction: Behavior has been well studied historically, where behavior modification has been of significant interest. Despite the interest in behavior modification, still, there is a need for further experimental studies which investigate efficient implementations to foster behavior change.

Objective: To study the participants´ experiences of (1) section 1, containing a workshop, and (2) section 2, containing receiving reminders over a period of 18 days. Lastly, (3) are there any indications of behavior change during their daily coaching?

Methodology: 10 participants experienced section 1, containing: a workshop and a digital evaluation of the workshop, and section 2, containing: reminders, a digital evaluation of receiving reminders and answering a questionnaire.

Results: The coaches, in the overall, seemed to enjoy the workshop and receiving reminders. Regarding the workshop and reminders, the participants provided details that were experienced to be favorable, details that could have been improved, and examples of how to improve. The questionnaire measured: (1) the coaches’ attitude toward basic need satisfaction-supportive behaviors in general (M=6.02), and (2) their perception of how common basic need satisfaction-supportive behaviors are among coaches today, in general (M=3.66).

Conclusions: Knowledge as an intervention has negligible effect on behavior change but is fundamental to facilitate a conscious behavior change through, for example, reminders. Type 2 processing, which is of importance when behavior change is desired, can possibly be fostered through reflecting upon continuously received reminders. Thus, a desired habitual behavior can be consciously fostered. 

Background: Narcolepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that received increased attention following the 2009–2010 influenza A (H1N1) vaccination campaign. The disease affects the brain's ability to control sleep and wakefulness. Characteristic symptoms are excessive daytime sleepiness, hallucinations, disturbed nighttime sleep and in some cases cataplexy. For people with narcolepsy, these symptoms can present significant challenges in daily life. Purpose: The purpose of the general literature review was to illustrate experiences of daily life among adults with narcolepsy. Method: The study was conducted as a general literature review with an inductive approach, containing nine scientific articles, six with a qualitative method, two with a mixed method and one with a quantitative method. Results: The findings showed that people with narcolepsy experience difficulties in various aspects of daily life. Their sleepiness has an impact on both work and education, and many people feel different compared to others in their surroundings. Stigma of symptoms and lack of support leads to misunderstandings and feelings of loneliness. Conclusion: The study describes how narcolepsy affects several different aspects of everyday life, which has consequences in both work life, education and social life. A lack of understanding and support in the environment leads to people with narcolepsy often experiencing stigma and loneliness. To improve the life situation, increased knowledge of narcolepsy is required in health care and society, to enable person-centered and supportive care.

The aim of this study was to gather players ́ own experiences of how their injuries occurred and thereby draw a greater picture of the circumstances involved in ACL injuries occurring in elite female football. The data were collected via structured interviews carried out on an online tool called Phonic where the players recorded their answers in audio. Thematic analysis was done and resulted in three main themes: (1) The perceived reason why, (2) The day of the injury, and (3) The everyday life before the injury. The primary conclusions were that there are multiple factors and circumstances that are perceived to influence the occurrence of ACL injuries and that the time before, both during the day but also for a longer time before, is perceived to have a crucial impact. Implications that the study contributed to is a new perspective and knowledge on ACL injuries among elite female football players that coaches and other leaders within the medicine- and performance team can use to prevent and reduce ACL injuries in the future.

The increasing demand for high-speed, reliable wireless communication has driven the adoption of massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, which leverage a large number of antennas to enhance performance. Despite their potential, massive MIMO systems introduce substantial computational challenges, for instance in uplink detection. This thesis addresses these challenges by exploring software acceleration techniques to optimize the performance of massive MIMO systems.

In the context of uplink detection, the study focuses on linear detection algorithms, such as zero-forcing (ZF) and minimum mean square error (MMSE) and employs graphics processing units (GPUs) to accelerate matrix operations. Techniques such as block Cholesky and QR decompositions were implemented to reduce computational overhead. The results demonstrate significant reductions in execution time and improvements in scalability, achieving notable speedups while balancing precision and performance trade-offs.

Additionally, the thesis investigates the application of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for channel state information (CSI)-based positioning. By optimizing CNN architectures and employing pruning techniques, the study enhances localization accuracy while minimizing computational requirements. These advancements enable precise positioning in resource-constrained environments, supporting advanced applications in 5G and beyond.

The thesis also proposes future work directions, emphasizing the potential of hardware-based implementations using the dataflow model of computation within the compute abstraction layer (CAL) framework. By modelling algorithms as actor networks with explicit data dependencies, CAL facilitates efficient and scalable hardware designs, particularly for field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). This approach offers a promising pathway to address the increasing computational demands of next-generation massive MIMO systems.

The macro-environmental changes in contemporary marketing practices are creating asignificant impact on consumer behaviour. The behavioural pattern of consumers in the Bangladesh market is shifting from traditional to modern, resulting in a change in purchasing decisions. The digitalisation of marketing strategies is playing a pivotal role in this shift. This study investigates and analyses the building blocks of digital marketing practices that influence consumers' purchasing decisions in the Bangladesh Market. The research aims to supply a qualitative and insightful knowledge base to the marketer’s looking to promote products in Bangladesh. The study is grounded on the impacts of digital marketing campaigns within buyers' minds; manipulators that function as driving forces can be used as a foundation for companies who look to do business in Bangladesh. The researcher has used a literature review and empirical data analysis method. The data collection process has been conducted using thesurvey monkey method. The researcher used personal and social networks to reach the potential interviewees with a predefined set of questionnaires. The consumer perspectives have been captured during the data collection process. The collected data has been taken through surveys and focused group discussions. The paper is limited to the geographical areas of Bangladesh; therefore, the generalizability factor can be limited to similar customer demographics. The survey concentrates on Fast moving consumer growth (FMCG) and the Digital service industry. Thus, the findings and recommendations would not apply to products or services that do not fall under the FMCG or digital service domain. This study also highlights the scope of further research within the same field. Holistically this paper is grounded in producing intelligent insight into the critical building blocks of digital marketing that influence consumers' purchasing decisions. 

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a disease that affects women's metabolism and endocrine systems. The course of the disease is influenced by lifestyle choices and therefore self-care is of great importance in treating the disease. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to illustrate the impacts on women's experiences of performing self-care with PCOS. Method: The method was a general literature study. In the result three qualitative articles, five quantitative articles and one article with mixed methods from the databases CINAHL, PubMed and PsycInfo were used. The data was analyzed using Popenoe's data analysis. Results: Healthcare professionals lack of knowledge of PCOS and self-care treatments impacts women’s ability to perform self-care. The women want to meet healthcare professionals who have a holistic and multidisciplinary approach which impacts women to receive motivational support to make lifestyle changes. Women with PCOS experience that the symptoms of the disease have an adverse impact on their body image, which results in an unfavourable impact on the women’s self-care. Conclusion: Healthcare professionals require more training in how to support, motivate and educate women in their self-care. Continuing research about what impacts women’s experiences of performing self-care with PCOS is needed to gain a deeper understanding of how healthcare professionals should meet, treat and offer care to women with PCOS.

This thesis aimed to explore factors that can influence the likelihood of adolescents’ participation and dropping out of team sports. Study I was a systematic review and meta-analysis of factors associated with dropout from team sports among adolescents. The results showed that constructs related to motivation and years of sports experience had the strongest relationship with adolescents’ team sports participation and dropout. Study II aimed to investigate how combinations of multiple demographic and motivational factors were associated with the risk of dropout in adolescent soccer players using a prospective design. The results indicated that older age, experiencing less autonomy support from the coach, less intrinsic motivation, being female, and a lower socioeconomic status were factors associated with an increased dropout risk. In Study III, the aim was to explore adolescents’ experiences of participating in and dropping out of team sports. A substantial grounded theory was created through coding and constant comparison. The theory ‘Losing fun’ illustrates adolescents’ experiences of participating and dropping out of team sports, which involved navigating demands, perceiving changed demands, and re-evaluating. When adolescents’ navigation of demands makes them perceive changed demands, it initiates a process of re- evaluating their sport. This involves questioning the meaningfulness of their sport and struggling with negative emotions. Finally, when team sports are evaluated as mainly associated with negative emotions and not meaningful anymore, adolescents regard it as not fun and are likely to drop out. Based on the fun integration theory, Study IV aimed to understand what makes soccer fun for adolescents in Sweden by investigating their prioritisation of the fun factors and determinants and comparing sub-groups in the sample (i.e., based on gender, age, perceived competence, and sports program type). The results showed that Trying Hard, Positive Team Dynamics, Positive Coaching, and Learning and Improving were the highest ranked concerning what makes soccer fun, irrespective of gender, age, perceived competence and sports program type. The study findings highlight that facilitating positive social experiences that promote feelings of effort and development is crucial to promoting fun and continued participation in soccer for most adolescents.

The aim of the study was to examine the effect of distraction in the form of increased task load during the performance routine on elite golfers’ movement execution and performance during putting. A total of 20 elite golfers participated, with an average handicap of +2.41 (SD = 1.08) and an age range between 18 and 26 years (M = 21.45, SD = 2.11). Participants performed ten putts under two different test conditions: one without distraction and one with distraction. To measure perceived cognitive load, the NASA-TLX was used, where participants rated their experience based on task demands. Movement execution during putting was analyzed using SAM PuttLab, an ultrasoundbased instrument that creates a three-dimensional model of the putting stroke and compares results with PGA Tour data (Marquardt, 2007). 2 Performance outcomes were assessed by measuring the distance of each putt from the golf hole. Results showed that distractions increased self-reported cognitive load but did not have a statistically significant effect on performance, measured as the distance between the ball and the hole. However, movement execution in putting was affected, suggesting that distractions can influence specific aspects of motor skills, even if overall performance remains unaffected. The study highlights the importance of incorporating distraction management training as part of preparation to enhance elite golfers' performance. 

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of distraction on the performance and movement quality of elite golfers during putting. Twenty elite golfers (handicap M=+2.41, SD=1.08), aged 18-26 years (M=21.45, SD=2.11), participated in an experiment where they executed 10 putts each under two conditions: one without distraction and one with a concurrent backward counting task. Cognitive load was assessed using the NASA-TLX, where participants self-reported their perceived workload. Putting strokes were analyzed using the SAM PuttLab, a device that generates a 3D animation of the putt based on ultrasound data and evaluates it against PGA Tour standards (Marquadt, 2007). Performance was measured as the total distance from the hole in centimeters. Paired t-tests revealed that distractions significantly increased perceived cognitive load but did not statistically affect putting performance as measured by distance to the hole. However, movement quality was significantly impacted, particularly in terms of overall movement quality, tempo, and consistency, as assessed by the SAM PuttLab. Overall, these findings suggest that distractions can influence specific aspects of motor performance even when overall task outcome remains unaffected. This study highlights the importance of incorporating distraction management into training programs to optimize performance in elite golfers. 

 The purpose of the study was to investigate how elite athletes balance their dual

careers and manage to demand placed them in both sports and work. The study

employed a qualitative research design, and data collection consisted of semi-structured

interviews. Eight participants were recruited, five men and three women between the

ages of 21-26 years (M=23.5). The inclusion criteria for participants were that they

needed to be engaged in a dual career involving sports and work, competing at a high

level, either nationally or internationally. The final inclusion criterion was that they

must have been pursuing a dual career for at least two years. The participants were

recruited through convenience sampling combined with snowball sampling. The

interviews were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis, with Lazarus and

Folkman´s (1984) transactional model of stress and coping serving as the theoretical

framework. The results showed that participants experienced both opportunities and

challenges in dual careers. The opportunities identified included financial security,

personal development and social benefits from work, which contributed to sense of

security for the future. The challenges identified were lack of time, stress and

insufficient recovery. The results also showed that social support and flexibility in work

facilitated the participants´ ability to balance their different careers. Strategies to

manage stress were identified as the periodization of training and work, as well as

planning and structure.

This study examined how elite athletes balance their dual careers and manage thedemands placed on them in sports and work. The study is based on a qualitative method,with data collected through semi structured interviews to gain an in depth understandingof the participants experiences. The study included eight participants, five men andthree women. The ages ranged from 21–26 years (M=23,5). All participants wererecruited through convenience sampling and snowball sampling. The inclusion criteriarequired participants to be active in a dual career, have a minimum of two years ofexperience from combining sports and work, and compete at the elite level. Thecollected data was analyzed using thematic analysis and Lazarus and Folkmans (1984)transactional model of stress and coping served as the theoretical framework. Theresults highlighted clear challanges and opportunities in dual careers. The mainchallanges included financial insecurity and lack of time. The opportunities howeverwere financial stability and personal development. The study found that social supportplays a crucial part in managing the demands of a dual career. Social support mainlyhelps athletes handle psychological stresses. Flexible working conditions were alsonoted as a significant factor in managing the demands of dual careers in sports andwork. Future research should focus on the differences between individual athletes andteam athletes as well as between men and women.

This study aims to investigate and contribute knowledge of how preschool teachers discuss their work of including all children, with a particular focus on meeting children's individual needs. The following question guided the study: What do preschool teachers discuss regarding their work with inclusion? A qualitative method was used to gain a deeper understanding of preschool teachers' thoughts and experiences regarding their work with inclusion through focus group discussions. The study was analyzed through thematic analysis in relation to the dilemma perspective and the concept of inclusion. The results indicate that preschool teachers have a clear understanding of what inclusion means. They emphasize the importance of recognizing each child to create optimal conditions for inclusion based on their individual needs. The results also indicate that preschool teachers use various approaches to implement inclusion in everyday activities. The study also identifies organizational and practical challenges that may affect the successful implementation of inclusion and how preschool teachers manage and overcome these challenges. 

The purpose of the study was to shed light on former senior competition riders' experiences of dropping out from competition life, and to highlight the psychological phenomena that are linked to this process. The participants were ten seniors of different ages, who had left competition and equestrian sports for various reasons. The study has used a qualitative method with abductive approach and semi-structured interviews based on an interview guide. The results answered the questions about what perceived psychological causes, challenges and change of self-image the participants may have experienced. They described inner conflicts, stress, self-image, lack of motivation, economy, lack of time and the need for various support factors. Three main themes were developed through Braun and Clarke's method, such as "Self-image no longer correct", "The importance of support and resources" and "Increased performance demands and inner conflicts". The results have been supported by Bronfenbrenner's PPCT theory model and adapted for drop-out in senior competition riders and their development, interactions and changes over time. The study also highlights various psychological challenges that can provide valuable insights for developing support strategies to maintain participation.

This study aims to investigate how gender-stereotypical norms are expressed and negotiated in children's interactions during free play. The research was conducted at a preschool with five-year-olds, where thirteen children participated. To explore how these norms are expressed and negotiated in children's social interactions, we have used Judith Butler's theory of gender performativitiy and Erving Goffman's concersation analysis as theoretical frameworks. Through participatory observation and video recordings, we were able to closely analyze and gain deeper understanding of children's negotiations and social processes. The results indivate that various gender-stereotypical patterns emerge in children's interactions during free play, with children often positioning themselves according to expected gender groups. Furthermore, the preschool's gender equality work, as reflected in our findings, has influenced how children express and enact gender patterns, with this work sometimes becoming interfrated into the children's play and social dynamics.

This study aims to shed light on former senior competition riders' experiences of dropping out of competitive life, as well as to shed light on the psychological phenomena linked to this process. The study is a qualitative semi-structured interview study with an abductive approach and in-depth follow-up questions. An abductive approach makes it possible to start with a basic theory, Bronfenbrenner's PPCT model, then open to revisions and new data. The participants consisted of ten former senior competition riders in different age categories, from different places in Sweden. The interview guide was designed to answer the following questions: 1) What are the perceived psychological reasons for drop out in former senior competition riders? 2) What psychological challenges were experienced when dropping out? 3) How was the possible change in the self-image of the senior competition riders experienced during the drop out? Through transcription, thematic analysis and the creation of a thematic map, three main themes were identified. The results showed that the psychological reasons for dropping out were often linked to a lack of support, stress, pressure, and reduced motivation because of financial and time constraints. The psychological challenges included changes in self-image, inner conflicts, stress and loss of drive.

The purpose of the study was to examine Swedish academy football players' experiences of the talent development environment from a holistic perspective. A total of 11 male footballers who were between 16-18 years old and belonged to an academy that had 4 stars in SEF academy certification participated. All participants were interviewed with the help of a semi-structured interview guide that was developed by us authors in consultation with supervisors. The interviews were later transcribed and underwent a thematic analysis based on Braun & Clarke's (2022) 6 phases. The result is described through a thematic map that consisted of 3 main themes containing 2 subthemes each. The 3 main themes were: (1) Challenges, (2) Managing challenges, (3) Opportunities for development. The results of the present study showed that the players experienced their environment as positive and that it promotes both athletic and personal development with a long-term focus. The challenges that the players experienced in the environment were mainly competition for playing time and the requirement to always perform, which was a source of stress and anxiety. How the players chose to handle these challenges was mainly through their perception and acceptance that the challenges that exist in the environment are a natural part of belonging to an academy. A further part of the players' handling of the challenges was the search for social support from people in the environment. It was mainly teammates and coaches who were available to offer social support to the players in the academy.

The purpose of the study was to examine Swedish academy players experiences of a talent development environment from a holistic perspective. The sample consisted of eleven Swedish male football players between the ages of 16-18 (M = 16,9,  SD = 0.9). All participants met the following inclusion criterias: To be an active player in a Swedish Elite Football certified academy with minimum four stars. Gametime primarily gained in an academy team. Access to the senior team is only permitted through the training environment. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data, later analysed using a thematic analysis according to Braun and Clare (2022) 6 phases. Thematic analysis resulted in three themes based on the research questions: Challenges, Coping and Opportunity to develop as an athlete and person. The result describes experiences of being an academy player where challenges were mainly linked to dealing with competition and performance demands, how football affects life.Close relationships with staff and teammates as well as an awareness of what it takes to succeed benefited the players ability to cope with the challenges. The talent development environment was perceived to promote both athletic and personal development through a long-term development focus and supporting players on and off the pitch. The results describe the academy players positive story about the experience of the talent development environment and how factors in the environment interact to promote the experience.

The aim of the present study is to investigate whether self-determined motivation, controlled motivation, and need support predict the intention to drop out among team sport athletes. The study applied a quantitative cross-sectional design, with participants recruited through a convenience sampling method. Data collection was conducted via a digital survey, and the number of participants was 101 team sport athletes aged 15–20 years (M = 2.65, SD = 1.42). The results of the multiple regression analysis revealed that both self-determined motivation and need support had a negative association with the intention to drop out among team sport athletes. However, the study found that controlled motivation did not have a positive association with the intention to drop out among team sport athletes.

 The aim of the study was to examine whether self-determined motivation, controlled motivation, and need support predict the intention to drop out among team sport athletes. The study employed a quantitative cross-sectional design, with data collected through digital surveys. The total number of participants was 101 team sport athletes, representing various team sports. Based on Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and previous research, three hypotheses were formulated: 1) There is a negative relationship between self-determined motivation and the intention to drop out among team sport athletes, 2) There is a positive relationship between controlled motivation and the intention to drop out among team sport athletes and 3) There is a negative relationship between need support and the intention to drop out among team sport athletes. The hypotheses were tested using multiple regression analysis, which showed that self-determined motivation and need support had a significant negative relationship with the intention to drop out. However, the results indicated that controlled motivation did not have a positive relationship with the intention to drop out, which partially deviates from previous research and theory. 

The aim of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of enjoyment in the relationship between parental support, coach-athlete relationship and intention to drop out in young team athletes, based on Self-Determination Theory (SDT). The study has a cross-sectional design and all data collection was done via digital questionnaires. The participants included 101 team athletes, divided into 49 male participants and 52 female participants and were between 15 and 20 years old (M=16.65, SD=1.42). Based on the purpose of the present study, two hypotheses were presented 1) Enjoyment mediates the relationship between parental support and intention to drop out, where better parental support is expected to lead to higher levels of happiness and in turn reduced intention to drop out, and 2) Enjoyment mediates the relationship between coach-athlete relationship and intention to drop out, where a better coach-player relationship is expected to lead to higher levels of happiness and thus reduced intention to drop out. The hypotheses were then tested via two separate mediation analyses. The results indicate that happiness had a statistically significant mediating role in the relationship between parental support, coach-athlete relationship and intention to drop out

The purpose of the study was to investigate whether enjoyment mediated the connection between coach-athlete relationship, support from parents and intention to dropout among youth team sports athletes. The self-determination theory (SDT) was used as a theoretical framework as previous research found a correlation between the satisfaction of basic psychological needs and enjoyment and intention to dropout among adolescents (Back et al., 2022; Quested et al., 2013). Based on the purpose, two hypotheses were formulated: 1) Enjoyment mediates the connection between coach-athlete relationship and intention to dropout, where a better relationship between coach and athlete is expected to lead to a higher degree of enjoyment and thus reduced intention to dropout, and 2) Enjoyment mediates the connection between support from parents and intention to dropout, where better support from parents is expected to lead to a higher degree of enjoyment and in turn reduced intention to dropout. A total of 101 team athletes aged 15–20 years participated (M=16.65, SD=1.42), of which 52 were female and 49 were male. The study used a cross-sectional design, and the collection of data was done using digital questionnaires. To obtain a result, two separate mediation analyses were made. Based on the analyses, it became clear that enjoyment had a statistically significant mediating role in the relationship between support of parents and coach-athlete relationship and intention to dropout.

This study examines how Swedish news media have portrayed Sweden’s Nato accession in editorial articles. Using a qualitative content analysis, the research analyzes articles from four major newspapers Expressen, Aftonbladet, Dagens Nyheter, and Svenska Dagbladet focusing on tone (positive, negative, neutral) and dominant frames. The theoretical framework is based on Entman’s (1993) framing theory, which is used to identify how the media shape public perception by emphasizing certain aspects of the Nato debate while downplaying others.

The results reveal a clear divide in media representation, largely influenced by the newspapers' ideological orientations. Right-leaning newspapers generally frame Nato accession as a necessary step for Sweden’s security, emphasizing collective defense, deterrence against external threats, and alignment with Western allies. In contrast, left-leaning newspapers are more critical, highlighting concerns about military dependency, Sweden’s historical neutrality, and the risks of escalating geopolitical tensions. While some articles maintain a neutral stance, the majority present either a predominantly positive or negative framing, indicating that editorial perspectives play a crucial role in shaping public discourse.

By illustrating how framing strategies influence the portrayal of Sweden’s Nato membership, this study contributes to the broader understanding of media influence on public opinion regarding foreign policy. The findings highlight the role of ideological positioning in shaping news narratives and emphasize the importance of critical media consumption in political decision-making processes.

I Sverige så har var tredje kvinna utsatts för våld i nära relation någon gång i livet och var tionde barn växer upp i ett hem där våld förekommer, följaktligen betraktas våld i nära relationer som ett allvarligt folkhälsoproblem. Trots att våld i nära relationer är ett allvarligt samhällsproblem så finns det indikationer på att det går att vidta ytterligare åtgärder att hantera den befintliga problematiken och att det arbete som bedrivs idag inte är tillräckligt effektivt. Baserat på teorier kring representativ och substantiell representation behövs kvinnor i politiska organ för att kvinnors intressen ska representeras. Kommunernas kvinnofridsarbete kan anses vara ett sådant kvinnligt intresse. En handlingsplan för kvinnofrid lyfts fram som ett centralt verktyg för att tydliggöra kommunernas intention, prioritering och ansvarsfördelning inom detta område. Parallellt med att det finns begränsat med forskning om kvinnorepresentation på lokal nivå och att den existerande forskningen främst är baserad på kvalitativa studier så kommer denna uppsats att tillföra ny kunskap då sambandet undersöks med hjälp av en kvantitativ metod.Syftet med denna studie är att studera relationen mellan kvinnorepresentation i kommunfullmäktige och en framtagen handlingsplan för kvinnofrid. För att säkerställa att det finns en korrelation mellan de två variablerna så kommer även tre kontrollvariabler att inkluderas i studien: politiskt styre, kommunstorlek och skattesats. Resultatet visade att det fanns en svag korrelation mellan en högre kvinnorepresentation i kommunfullmäktige och en lokal framtagen handlingsplan för kvinnofrid, men detta samband var inte statistiskt signifikant. Vidare, visar inte studiens kontrollvariabler ha någon betydande påverkan på framtagandet av en sådan handlingsplan heller. Detta innebär att studiens hypotes förkastas, då den inte får stöd.

Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition that affects bothpsychological and physical well-being. People with diabetes must maintain stable bloodsugar levels daily through diet, physical activity, and insulin treatment, which ofteninvolves challenges. The risks of low and high blood sugar affect their quality of lifeand represent a constant challenge. Aim: The aim was to highlight the challenges ofachieving stable blood sugar levels among adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus.Method: A general literature review, including nine scientific qualitative articles fromvarious databases, was analyzed using Popenoe et al. (2021) three-step model. Results:Individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus experience stress and anxiety around bloodsugar control, self-care, and social situations. Technological aids are helpful but canalso create frustration. Diabetes burnout is common, where support from healthcareprofessionals is crucial for sustainable management. The results highlight six maincategories: psychological and physiological challenges, technological aids, socialchallenges, diabetes burnout and stress, coping strategies, the importance of supportfrom the environment, and involvement and care provider interaction. Conclusion: Thestudy showed that blood sugar management in type 1 diabetes mellitus presents dailychallenges, but support from healthcare professionals and technological aids can easeself-care. Increased knowledge and further research are needed to improve the quality ofcare for this group of patients.

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common bacterial infection that primarily affects women. Symptoms negatively impact quality of life and may reduce physical, psychological, and social well-being. Shortcomings in healthcare contribute to silent suffering, and stigma surrounding the condition increases distress. A better understanding of women’s experiences can support the development of a person-centred approach and make appropriate support more visible. Aim: To highlight women’s experiences of having a urinary tract infection. Method: A general literature review with an inductive approach based on nine qualitative scientific articles. The articles were reviewed and analysed to generate the findings. Results: Three main categories emerged: (1) Challenges in daily life, (2) Changes in social contexts, and (3) Impact on sexual health. Women described a wide range of symptoms that affected sleep, work, and daily activities. UTI also influenced intimate relationships and led to social withdrawal, partly due to stigma. Women expressed a need for understanding and support in healthcare encounters. Conclusion: The results highlight the need for increased awareness of UTI’s impact on women’s lives. Nurses should initiate conversations about the condition and respond to individual needs. More knowledge can strengthen support and contribute to the development of evidence-based self-care strategies.

Background: Asthma is a chronic disease that affects health, quality of life, and can cause economic as well as social consequences. Nurses have a responsibility to provide individualized support and information to promote person-centered care. Aim: The aim was to highlight patients' experiences of living with asthma. Method: The study was conducted as a general literature review with an inductive approach, based on 12 scientific articles. The articles were quality-reviewed, and the content was four categorized. Results: The categories were limitation of physical health, impact on relationships, impact on mental health, and challenges in treatment. The results showed that asthma affects patients on physical, social, and psychological levels. Physical limitations included difficulties with daily activities and physical exercise. Asthma also negatively impacts social relationships, which may lead to social isolation and feelings of loneliness. Challenges related to asthma medication were identified, such as distrust of medication and difficulties in adhering to treatment recommendations. Conclusion: Asthma affects patients' physical, psychological, and social health, which can limit daily life and impact quality of life. Further research is needed to increase patients' knowledge and promote self-care. The research should also integrate mental health, social factors, and long-term follow-up and support for both patients and their relatives. 

Background: Myocardial infarction is a serious, potentially life-threatening event affecting thousands of individuals each year. Its high prevalence emphasizes the importance of preventive measures and person-centered care. Lifestyle changes after a myocardial infarction are proven to reduce the risk of recurrence. Patients are encouraged to adopt a healthier lifestyle, including smoking cessation, a nutritious diet, reduced alcohol consumption and physical activity. Nurses are responsible for supporting patients through lifestyle changes by providing personalized advice, motivation, and continuous follow-ups, which can contribute to long-term healthy habits and improved quality of life. Aim: This study aimed to highlight patients´ experiences of lifestyle changes after a myocardial infarction. Method: A literature study was conducted with an inductive approach using systematic review and analysis of ten scientific articles according to Popenoe et al. (2021). Results: Three main categories were identified: Mental impact, social factors as well as support and care in lifestyle changes. Conclusion: The study shows that patients' ability to maintain lifestyle changes is influenced by several factors, including motivation, support from healthcare, and personalized health advice. However, a lack of long-term support created barriers to a healthy lifestyle, such as low sense of coherence and decreased willingness to change due to fear.

Background: Patients with dementia are an increasing patient group and are commonly encountered in acute care settings. Care should be tailored to each individual's unique needs, yet patients with dementia have complex needs that are challenging to meet in an acute care environment. Aim: The aim was to explore nurses' experiences of caring for patients with dementia in acute care. Method: The study was conducted as a general literature review with an inductive approach, based on 12 scientific articles. Results: The findings includes three categories; the need to adapt care due to an inadequate care environment, managing communication difficulties in the care of patients with dementia, the perceived need for dementia-specific competence. Conclusion: Nurses experience challenges in caring for patients with dementia in acute care, where an inadequate care environment, communication difficulties and the lack of dementia-specific competence hinder the ability to provide person-centered care. Ethical dilemmas arise when care priorities are based on somatic illness, which may lead to the neglect of the psychosocial needs of patients with dementia. Further research is needed to develop and adapt care alternatives for patients with dementia in acute care.

Background: The healtcare environment is the environment in which patients reside and includes both the physical and psychosocial environment and plays a crucial role in patients' experiences within healthcare. Factors such as sound, light, color, furniture and room design are of great importance for recovery and well-being. Purpose: The purpose was to illuminate experiences of the care environment within health care. Method: A general literature study with an inductive approach was carried out, where eight qualitative articels and one quantitave article were analyzed. The searches were done in a structured manner in the databases CINAHL and PubMed. Result: The results are presented in four categories: The importance of the singel room for the patient, factors that hinder a health-promoting care environment, natural elements and aesthetic factors that promote a positive experience of the care environment and the influence of the care staff on the patient's sense of security and integrity. Conclusion: The majority of the patients felt that the care environment affected both their physical and psychological well-being. In a care environment that was structured in an aesthetically pleasing way, feelings of well-being increased, and the healing process was percived to accelerate. A care environment that is based on the evidence-based design is recommended to promote wee-being in patients. 

The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between exercise dependence and physical self-concept among adult recreational exercisers. The study included participants aged 18 and older who met the recommendations for physical activity, engaging in at least 150 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous exercise per week. Data collection was conducted via digital questionnaires, with a total of 112 exercisers participating. The instruments used were the Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire (GLTEQ), the Exercise Dependence Scale-21 (EDS-21), and the Physical Self-Perception Profile (PSPP-R).

The results revealed several statistically significant relationships between exercise dependence and aspects of physical self-concept: sport competence, physical condition, body attractiveness, and physical strength. However, no statistically significant relationship was found between exercise dependence and global self-esteem, although a weak negative correlation was observed. Overall, the present study demonstrates that physical self-concept is an important factor in relation to exercise dependence, with higher ratings of physical self-concept potentially increasing the risk of exercise dependence. The findings highlight the importance of understanding individuals' self-concepts to prevent unhealthy exercise behaviors. 

For some individuals, exercise may become maladaptive and used as a coping strategy, increasing the risk of developing exercise dependence. Based on the expanded interaction model of exercise addiction used as a framework, the present study investigates risk factors regarding exercise dependence further. The aim was to investigate if stress mediates the relationship between exercise identity and exercise dependence and between body dissatisfaction and exercise dependence. A total of 99 regular exercisers participated in the study, consisting of 61 women and 38 men ranging from 20 to 63 years old (M = 33.37, SD = 10.24). The majority of the participants used strength training (n = 35) and high-intensity training (n = 44) as the primary form of exercise. Participants completed an online questionnaire consisting of the Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire (GLTEQ), Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised (EDS-R), Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS), The Exercise Identity Scale (EIS), the appearance evaluation (MBSRQ-AE) and orientation (MBSRQ-AO) subscales from the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire’s (MBSRQ). The result showed that stress did not significantly mediate the effect of these relationships, although stress was still significantly correlated with exercise dependence. The direct effects of exercise identity and body dissatisfaction also significantly correlated with exercise dependence. Further research is recommended to enhance understanding of potential risk factors and mediating processes that may explain the development of exercise dependence. 

Bakgrund: Sexuella övergrepp är ett globalt problem som särskilt drabbar kvinnor och många upplever både ett akut och långvarigt emotionellt lidande som resultat av övergreppet. Trots detta är sjuksköterskans kunskap främst koncentrerad till de medicinska skador kvinnorna får erfara. För att säkerställa rätt omvårdnad är det därför avgörande att sjuksköterskor förstår vilket emotionellt stöd som behövs för att hjälpa kvinnorna att återfå sin psykiska hälsa och stabilitet. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa behovet av emotionellt stöd efter sexuellt övergrepp ur ett patient- och sjuksköterskeperspektiv. Metod: En allmän litteraturstudie baserad på en analys av åtta vetenskapliga artiklar. Resultat: Resultatet av litteraturstudien mynnade ut i fyra huvudkategorier: (i) underlätta känslor av skam och skuld, (ii) trygghet och tid i vårdrelationen, (iii) validerande kommunikation, (iv) information och förutsägbarhet. Konklusion/implikation: När sjuksköterskor frågade kvinnor utsatta för sexuellt våld adekvata frågor samt gav information ökade kvinnors förtroende till vården. Både kvinnor och sjuksköterskor ansåg att tid och trygghet ledde till minskad skam och skuld, vilket var centralt för att tillgodose kvinnors behov av emotionellt stöd. Med ökad kunskap om kvinnans psykiska lidande kan sjuksköterskan främja den emotionella hälsan efter ett sexuellt övergrepp.

Although physical activity is associated with general well-being and improved quality of life, compulsive exercise behaviour, such as exercise dependence, can be detrimental to an individual’s physical and psychological health. Different models have been introduced to describe the phenomenon, though seldom tested. Based on the expanded interaction model of exercise addiction (Dinardi et al., 2021), the aim of the study was to investigate the mediating effect of stress on the relationship between exercise identity and exercise dependence as well as on the relationship between body dissatisfaction and exercise dependence. Variables were measured using the Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised (EDS-R), Exercise Identity Scale (EIS), Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire’s Appearance Evaluation and -Orientation subscales (MBSRQ-AE/AO) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Participants were 99 regular exercisers (61 women, 38 men; M_Age = 33.37, SD = 10.24 years), and data was collected via an online questionnaire. 9.1% of the participants were classified as “at risk for exercise dependence”. While the mediation analysis indicated no significant indirect effect of stress on both relationships, the present study found significant direct effects between exercise identity, body dissatisfaction, and exercise dependence. Additionally, it was found that stress predicts exercise dependence. This partly aligns with the pathways presented in the model. Future research should focus on further testing the model to investigate the role of stress and develop a universal assessment tool for measuring exercise dependence. 

Anticipation and pattern recognition are two important perceptual-cognitive abilities in soccer, where rapid decision-making in time-pressured situations is crucial for the outcome of the game. Previous research has studied anticipation and pattern recognition separately, but this study has examined both abilities within the same test. The purpose of this study was to examine expertise-based differences in anticipation and pattern recognition in football, whether pattern recognition forms the basis for anticipation, and how these abilities are influenced by pressure. The study also aims to highlight the relationship between decision-specific reinvestment and performance under high pressure. The study included 30 participants, divided into 15 beginners and 15 experienced football players aged 19 to 27 (M = 22.67, SD = 1.56) who participated in the experiment. The tests were conducted under conditions of both low and high pressure, where participants responded to questions evaluating their performance in anticipation and pattern recognition. After both test conditions were completed, participants filled out the Decision-Specific Reinvestment Scale (DSRS) to measure their decision-specific reinvestment. The results showed that experienced players performed significantly better than beginners in both anticipation and pattern recognition under both test conditions. The results indicated that participants exhibited a statistically significant improvement in anticipation for sequences previously presented in the test. The manipulation of pressure resulted in a statistically significant difference in perceived pressure between the low and high-pressure test conditions. There was also no significant main effect of pressure on performance in anticipation and pattern recognition. Additionally, decision-specific reivestment did not show a statistically significant correlation with performance under high pressure. 

The use of dark patterns (DP) in digital subscription services manipulates users into making decisions that benefit the service. This is done by tempting offers, repeated reminders and complicated processes to unsubscribe. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of DP for users' trust in digital subscription services. To answer the question, a qualitative approach is used, including semi-structured interviews combined with five probes to highlight examples of DP in these digital subscription services and to explore users' feelings, opinions and thoughts about DP. The study resulted in two main themes: users' perceived trust and users' vulnerability. The conclusion identified five key findings, which present the significance of DP for users' trust in digital subscription services.

Dark patterns are design strategies used in e-commerce to manipulate consumers and

influence their decision-making. This study examines the role dark patterns play in

consumers’ purchasing decisions within e-commerce through a qualitative approach.

Using semi-structured interviews, consumers' experiences of three specific dark

patterns: Pressured Selling, Countdown Timer, and Activity Message were analyzed.

The results indicate that dark patterns can increase purchase intent by creating time

pressure and social influence but also foster distrust and skepticism toward e-commerce

platforms. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of how dark patterns have

the potential to affect consumer decision-making and highlights the need for increased

awareness and regulation to protect consumer autonomy in e-commerce.

As social media has become a platform for information consumption, the methods for evaluating information have changed. Social media algorithms govern information flows and can contribute to a widespread reach of disinformation. Critical thinking can therefore be an important skill to acquire, especially in digital environments where the development of generative AI has made it more difficult to identify disinformation. Previous research has primarily focused on machine learning for detecting disinformation, while fewer studies have explored users’ perspectives. This study examines three aspects of critical thinking - engagement, selective exposure and prior experiences, that may influence how users assess and evaluate information. The study was conducted using a qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews, investigating how social media users identify disinformation. The findings highlight five identified approaches for critical evaluation, along with challenges and initial recommendations on how social media platforms can support users in identifying disinformation. 

Participatory design aims to give participants influence in design processes. Various methods and design tools are used in participatory design processes to promote inclusion and engagement, particularly in the ideation phase. However, these methods and tools often fail to accommodate diverse participants, such as marginalized groups. If designers are unable to include marginalized groups in a participatory designprocess they risk excluding individuals who are already underrepresented in society, which contradicts the democratic values of participatory design. This study explores how participatory design tools can be adapted in designworkshops to enhance the inclusion of marginalized groups. The focus is on storyboards as a narrative and visual tool to help marginalized groups express their ideas and needs. The study identified four key adaptations for making storyboards more inclusive: Collaboration & individual work process, Digital work process, Visual creation and Communicating with visual support. By examining how storyboards can be tailored to the needs of marginalized groups this study contributes to a more inclusive practice of participatory design. The findings may influence future adaptations of methods and design tools in design processes leading to more representative and sustainable solutions within participatory design.

This study explores how UX designers reason about the use of generative AI in the

design process. By applying the Double Diamond framework to structure the design

process, the study enables an organized analysis of where and how GenAI is used.

Through a qualitative approach combining a literature review and semi-structured

interviews, a complex picture emerges where GenAI both supports and challenges

traditional design work. The results show that GenAI has the greatest potential in the

exploratory, divergent phases, where the technology can automate repetitive tasks,

generate creative ideas, and efficiently analyze large amounts of data. In these phases,

time is freed up for more strategic and conceptual work. However, GenAI lacks the

deep contextual understanding required in the more convergent phases, where human

expertise and insight are essential. Designers also express concerns about reliability,

bias, and the risk of over-reliance on GenAI, which could lead to reduced creativity and

weaker critical thinking. Ethical considerations around bias are central, emphasizing the

need for designers to maintain ownership and responsibility for their solutions. The

study shows that while GenAI offers valuable tools to streamline and inspire the design

process, designers must actively retain their creative and critical judgment, as well as

clear responsibility for their design outcomes.

With the rapid advancements in technology scaling, the occurrence of both transient and permanent faults has increased, even as MP- SoCs (multiprocessor system-on-chips) achieve higher performance levels. Despite the development of numerous fault detection tech- niques, some faults still go unnoticed, leading to silent data corrup- tions and system failures. In this work, we propose a novel approach to monitor bus transactions and detect anomalies that could lead to critical data corruption or system failure, leveraging different deep learning models.

Our research focuses on data extracted from the AMBA-AHB bus in an MPSoC environment based on NOEL-V processors. By evalu- ating different data representations we demonstrate the effectiveness of using image representations for anomaly detection.

The results highlight that utilizing deep learning with optimized data representations improves the detection of anomalies, offering a robust framework for identifying faults in MPSoCs. This study pro- vides a foundation for future research in fault detection and con- tributes to the development of more reliable MPSoC systems.

The purpose of the present study was to examine whether athletic identity, internalization of the thin/slim ideal, and internalization of the athletic ideal mediated the relationship between exercise frequency and explicit attitudes towards overweight individuals. After excluding 14 participants due to health conditions that prevented their physical activity, the final sample consisted of 141 participants aged 17-74 years (55 men, 85 women, one person who did not wish to specify gender; M age = 26.35, SD = 9.64 years). A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted, where the independent variable, dependent variable, and three mediating variables were measured using the following questionnaires: the Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire, the Anti-fat Attitudes Scale, the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale, and the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Scale-4.The results revealed a significant indirect effect between exercise frequency and explicit attitudes through athletic identity and internalization of the athletic ideal, but not through internalization of the thin/slim ideal. The results indicate that athletic identity and internalization of the athletic ideal mediate the relationship between exercise frequency and explicit attitudes towards overweight individuals. These findings should be interpreted with caution, as this is a cross- sectional study and based on subjective measures of negative attitudes. Future research should conduct a longitudinal study and use more objective measures of negative attitudes towards overweight individuals.