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  • 1.
    Wan, Yi-Hong
    et al.
    Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
    Nandakumar, Kutty Selva
    Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
    [1,2,4]Triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivative (Mol-5) is a new NS5-RdRp inhibitor of DENV2 proliferation and DENV2-induced inflammation2020In: Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, ISSN 1671-4083, E-ISSN 1745-7254, Vol. 41, no 5, p. 706-718Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Dengue fever is an acute infectious disease caused by dengue virus (DENV) and transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. There is no effective vaccine or antiviral drug available to date to prevent or treat dengue disease. Recently, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), a class of polymerases involved in the synthesis of complementary RNA strands using single-stranded RNA, has been proposed as a promising drug target. Hence, we screened new molecules against DENV RdRp using our previously constructed virtual screening method. Mol-5, [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivative, was screened out from an antiviral compound library (~8000 molecules). Using biophysical methods, we confirmed the direct interactions between mol-5 and purified DENV RdRp protein. In luciferase assay, mol-5 inhibited NS5-RdRp activity with an IC50 value of 1.28 ± 0.2 μM. In the cell-based cytopathic effect (CPE) assay, mol-5 inhibited DENV2 infectivity with an EC50 value of 4.5 ± 0.08 μM. Mol-5 also potently inhibited DENV2 RNA replication as observed in immunofluorescence assay and qRT-PCR. Both the viral structural (E) and non-structural (NS1) proteins of DENV2 were dose-dependently decreased by treatment with mol-5 (2.5-10 μM). Mol-5 treatment suppressed DENV2-induced inflammation in host cells, but had no direct effect on host defense (JAK/STAT-signaling pathway). These results demonstrate that mol-5 could be a novel RdRp inhibitor amenable for further research and development.

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  • 2.
    Friel, Ross
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Information Technology, Halmstad Embedded and Intelligent Systems Research (EIS), Centre for Research on Embedded Systems (CERES).
    Gerling-Gedin, Maria
    Halmstad University, School of Information Technology, Halmstad Embedded and Intelligent Systems Research (EIS).
    Nilsson, Emil
    Halmstad University, School of Information Technology, Halmstad Embedded and Intelligent Systems Research (EIS), MPE-lab. Halmstad University, School of Information Technology, Halmstad Embedded and Intelligent Systems Research (EIS), Embedded Systems (CERES).
    Andreasson, Björn Pererik
    Halmstad University, School of Information Technology, Halmstad Embedded and Intelligent Systems Research (EIS).
    3D Printed Radar Lenses with Anti-Reflective Structures2019In: Designs, E-ISSN 2411-9660, Vol. 3, no 2, article id 28Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The purpose of this study was to determine if 3D printed lenses with wavelength specific anti-reflective (AR) surface structures would improve beam intensity and thus radar efficiency for a Printed Circuit Board (PCB)-based 60 GHz radar. This would have potential for improved low-cost radar lenses for the consumer product market. Methods: A hyperbolic lens was designed in 3D Computer Aided Design (CAD) software and was then modified with a wavelength specified AR structure. Electromagnetic computer simulation was performed on both the ‘smooth’ and ‘AR structure’ lenses and compared to actual 60 GHz radar measurements of 3D printed polylactic acid (PLA) lenses. Results: The simulation results showed an increase of 10% in signal intensity of the AR structure lens over the smooth lens. Actual measurement showed an 8% increase in signal of the AR structure lens over the smooth lens. Conclusions: Low cost and readily available Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) 3D printing has been shown to be capable of printing an AR structure coated hyperbolic lens for millimeter wavelength radar applications. These 3D Printed AR structure lenses are effective in improving radar measurements over non-AR structure lenses. © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

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    3D Printed Radar Lenses
  • 3.
    Glon, Fanny
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science, Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design (MTEK), Functional Surfaces. ENISE, Saint-Etienne, France.
    Flys, Olena
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science, Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design (MTEK), Functional Surfaces. SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden, Borås, Sweden .
    Lööf, Pär-Johan
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science, Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design (MTEK), Functional Surfaces.
    Rosén, Bengt-Göran
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science, Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design (MTEK), Functional Surfaces.
    3D SEM for surface topography quantification – a case study on dental surfaces2014In: Journal of Physics, Conference Series, ISSN 1742-6588, E-ISSN 1742-6596, Vol. 483, no 1, article id 012026Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    3D analysis of surface topography is becoming a more used tool for industry and research. New ISO standards are being launched to assist in quantifying engineering surfaces. The traditional optical measuring instrumentation used for 3D surface characterization has been optical interferometers and confocal based instrumentation. However, the resolution here is limited in the lateral dimension to the wavelength of visible light to about 500 nm. The great advantage using the SEM for topography measurements is the high flexibility to zoom from low magnifications and locating interesting areas to high magnification of down to nanometer large surface features within seconds. This paper presents surface characterization of dental implant micro topography. 3D topography data was created from SEM images using commercial photogrammetric software. A coherence scanning interferometer was used for reference measurements to compare with the 3D SEM measurements on relocated areas. As a result of this study, measurements emphasizes that the correlation between the accepted CSI measurements and the new technology represented by photogrammetry based on SEM images for many areal characterization parameters are around or less than 20%. The importance of selecting sampling and parameter sensitivity to varying sampling is high-lighted. Future work includes a broader study of limitations of the photogrammetry technique on certified micro-geometries and more application surfaces at different scales. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

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  • 4.
    Vinel, Alexey
    Department of Communications Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Finland.
    3GPP LTE Versus IEEE 802.11p/WAVE: Which Technology is Able to Support Cooperative Vehicular Safety Applications?2012In: IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, ISSN 2162-2337, Vol. 1, no 2, p. 125-128Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The concept of vehicular ad-hoc networks enables the design of emergent automotive safety applications, which are based on the awareness among vehicles. Recently, a suite of 802.11p/WAVE protocols aimed at supporting car-to-car communications was approved by IEEE. Existing cellular infrastructure and, above all 3GPP LTE, is being considered as another communication technology appropriate for vehicular applications. This letter provides a theoretical framework which compares the basic patterns of both the technologies in the context of safety-of-life vehicular scenarios. We present mathematical models for the evaluation of the considered protocols in terms of successful beacon delivery probability.

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  • 5.
    Rantakyrö, F.T.
    et al.
    Istituto di RadioAstronomia–CNR, Via Gobetti 101, I-40129, Bologna, Italy; Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe, Postbus 2, 7990AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands .
    Bååth, Lars B.
    Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET).
    Backer, D.C.
    University of California, Berkeley CA 94720, U.S.A..
    Booth, R.S.
    Onsala Space Observatory, S-439 92 Onsala, Sweden.
    Carlström, J.E.
    Owens Valley Observatory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena CA 91125, U.S.A..
    Emerson, D.T.
    NRAO, 949 N. Cherry Ave., Campus Bldg. 65, Tucson AZ 85721-0655, U.S.A..
    Grewing, M.
    IRAM, 300 rue de la Piscine, F-38406 St. Martin d’H`eres, France.
    Hirabayashi, H.
    Nobeyama Radio Observatory, Nobeyama, Minamisaku, Nagano 384-13, Japan.
    Hodges, M.W.
    Owens Valley Observatory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena CA 91125, U.S.A..
    Inoue, M.
    Nobeyama Radio Observatory, Nobeyama, Minamisaku, Nagano 384-13, Japan.
    Kobayashi, H.
    Nobeyama Radio Observatory, Nobeyama, Minamisaku, Nagano 384-13, Japan.
    Krichbaum, T. P.
    Max-Planck-Institut fu ̈r Radioastronomie, Auf dem Huegel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
    Kus, A.J.
    Torun Radio Observatory, Nicolau Copernicus Observatory, Torun, Poland.
    Moran, J.M.
    Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge MA 02138, U.S.A..
    Morimoto, M.
    Nobeyama Radio Observatory, Nobeyama, Minamisaku, Nagano 384-13, Japan.
    Padin, S.
    Owens Valley Observatory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena CA 91125, U.S.A..
    Plambeck, R.L.
    University of California, Berkeley CA 94720, U.S.A..
    Predmore, R.
    FCRAO, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, 619 Lederle Graduate Research Center, Univ. of Mass., Box 34517, Amherst, MA, U.S.A..
    Rogers, A.E.E.
    Northeast Radio Observatory Corp., Haystack Observatory, Westford MA 01886, U.S.A..
    Schalinski, C.
    IRAM, 300 rue de la Piscine, F-38406 St. Martin d’H`eres, France.
    Witzel, A.
    Max-Planck-Institut fu ̈r Radioastronomie, Auf dem Huegel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
    Woody, D.
    Owens Valley Observatory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena CA 91125, U.S.A..
    Wright, M.C.H.
    University of California, Berkeley CA 94720, U.S.A..
    Zensus, A.
    NRAO, Socorro NM 87801, U.S.A..
    50 μas resolution VLBI images of AGN’s at λ3 mm1998In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 131, p. 451-467Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [sv]

    We present 15 images from the global mm-VLBI sessions in 1990 April at 100 GHz and 1993 April at 86 GHz. These observations probe the central engines of the 16 observed AGN's with up to 50 mu as resolution. Among other sources previously observed with lambda 3 mm VLBI we present the first lambda 3 mm maps of 0735+178, 0748+126, 1055+018, 2145+067, and CTA102, in total we have been able to image 13 out of the 16 observed sources. 6 out of the 13 imaged sources observed exhibit curvature and rapid structural changes, although the low dynamic range in two thirds of the maps limits the detection of weak features. Most of the sources have unresolved cores even at this high resolution. There is substantial evidence that the observed sources can be grouped into two general groups: A misaligned population with parsec scale jets in the form of low pitch helices and an aligned population with straight jets with small changes in PA due to intrinsic bends.

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  • 6.
    Billmayer, Jakob
    et al.
    University of Borås, Borås, Sweden.
    Pastorek Gripson, Märtha
    University of Borås, Borås, Sweden.
    Bergnehr, Disa
    University of Borås, Borås, Sweden; Jönköping University, Jönköping , Sweden.
    A Becoming, Humanist Child: An analysis of Learning and Care in the Swedish Curriculum for the Preschool (Lpfö 18)2019In: Education in the North, ISSN 0424-5512, Vol. 26, no 1, p. 42-55Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A new, revised curriculum for the Swedish preschool came into effect in July 2019. According to the National Agency of Education, it differs from its predecessor by putting a greater emphasis on care and teaching. This paper studies how the child is conceptualized in relation to learning and care in the new curriculum. Informed by a posthumanist approach and childhood studies, it scrutinizes how the child is positioned as a being and/or becoming child, an entangled and/or separate child, and, an active and/or passive child. Furthermore, it explores how the child appears in relation to human and non-human agents. The dominant, recurring conceptualization of the child is the child as becoming and passive. Learning and caring processes mainly come across as unidirectional - from adult to child – and future orientated. Although the preschool child is connected to a social context, the child predominantly appears as separate from others rather than entangled.

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  • 7.
    Alonso-Fernandez, Fernando
    et al.
    University de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
    Fierrez, J.
    Universidad Autonoma de Madrid.
    Ortega-Garcia, J.
    Universidad Autónoma de Madrid.
    Gonzalez-Rodriguez, J.
    Universidad Autónoma de Madrid.
    Fronthaler, Hartwig
    Halmstad University, School of Information Technology, Halmstad Embedded and Intelligent Systems Research (EIS).
    Kollreider, Klaus
    Halmstad University, School of Information Technology, Halmstad Embedded and Intelligent Systems Research (EIS).
    Bigun, Josef
    Halmstad University, School of Information Technology, Halmstad Embedded and Intelligent Systems Research (EIS), Intelligent systems (IS-lab).
    A Comparative Study of Fingerprint Image-Quality Estimation Methods2007In: IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, ISSN 1556-6013, E-ISSN 1556-6021, Vol. 2, no 4, p. 734-743Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    One of the open issues in fingerprint verification is the lack of robustness against image-quality degradation. Poor-quality images result in spurious and missing features, thus degrading the performance of the overall system. Therefore, it is important for a fingerprint recognition system to estimate the quality and validity of the captured fingerprint images. In this work, we review existing approaches for fingerprint image-quality estimation, including the rationale behind the published measures and visual examples showing their behavior under different quality conditions. We have also tested a selection of fingerprint image-quality estimation algorithms. For the experiments, we employ the BioSec multimodal baseline corpus, which includes 19 200 fingerprint images from 200 individuals acquired in two sessions with three different sensors. The behavior of the selected quality measures is compared, showing high correlation between them in most cases. The effect of low-quality samples in the verification performance is also studied for a widely available minutiae-based fingerprint matching system.

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  • 8.
    Boström, Barbro
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI).
    Sandh, Marie
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI).
    Lundberg, Dag
    Lund University, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
    Fridlund, Bengt
    Lund University, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Department of Nursing, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    A comparison of pain and health-related quality of life between two groups of cancer patients with differing average levels of pain2003In: Journal of Clinical Nursing, ISSN 0962-1067, E-ISSN 1365-2702, Vol. 12, no 5, p. 726-735Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A study was performed to describe and compare pain and Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) in two groups of cancer patients in palliative care as well as to describe the correlation between pain and HRQOL. ○ Forty-seven patients with mild average pain [Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) < 3] and 28 patients with moderate to severe average pain (VAS > 3) were included. Medical Outcomes Study Short Form (SF-36) was used to evaluate HRQOL, pain intensity levels were measured with the VAS on Pain-O-Meter. ○ Compared to patients with mild pain, patients with moderate to severe pain had statistically significant, higher pain intensity for the items 'pain at time of interview', 'worst pain in the past 24 hours' and 'pain interrupting sleep.' They also had the lowest scores of the SF-36 dimensions: physical functioning, role-physical, and bodily pain. Patients with moderate to severe pain had statistically significant, fewer months of survival. There were statistically significant positive correlations between pain items and negative correlation between pain and SF-36 dimensions. ○ The conclusion is that pain has a negative impact on HRQOL, especially on physical health and that pain increases towards the final stages of life. Even if patients have to endure symptoms such as fatigue and anxiety during their short survival time, dealing with pain is an unnecessary burden, which can be prevented.

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    A comparison of pain and health-related quality of life between
  • 9.
    Stambulova, Natalia
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI), Sport Health and Physical activity.
    Ryba, Tatiana V.
    Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
    A critical review of career research and assistance through the cultural lens: towards cultural praxis of athletes' careers2014In: International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, ISSN 1750-984X, E-ISSN 1750-9858, Vol. 7, no 1, p. 1-17Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this review article, a content area of athlete career in sport psychology is analyzed through the cultural lens: that is, through paradigmatic perspectives of cross-cultural psychology, cultural psychology, and cultural studies. Based on previous review papers, but mainly on the chapters of the anthology Athletes' Careers across Cultures, we identified three dominant (North American, Australian, and European) and two emerging (Asian and South American) cultural discourses in the career topic. These discourses are characterized by research foci, theoretical frameworks, and career assistance programs in action. Our critical analysis of career research and assistance around the world further indicates a need for more contextualized and culturally competent career projects, which blend theory/research, applied work, and lived culture into cultural praxis. To satisfy this need, a new paradigm termed cultural praxis of athletes' careers is suggested. In conclusion, we emphasize the importance of review papers in negotiating emerging terminology, values, principles, and approaches underlying the career topic, and share some ideas for future reviews in career research and assistance.

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  • 10.
    Larsson, Marcus
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Information Technology, Halmstad Embedded and Intelligent Systems Research (EIS). Qamcom Research and Technology AB, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Jonsson, Magnus
    Halmstad University, School of Information Technology, Halmstad Embedded and Intelligent Systems Research (EIS), Centre for Research on Embedded Systems (CERES).
    Warg, Fredrik
    SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden, Borås, Sweden.
    Karlsson, Kristian
    SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden, Borås, Sweden.
    A Data Age Dependent Broadcast Forwarding Algorithm for Reliable Platooning Applications2016In: International Journal of Mobile Information Systems, ISSN 1574-017X, E-ISSN 1875-905X, Vol. 2016, article id 7489873Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We propose a broadcast message forwarding algorithm for V2V communication in a platooning scenario for heavy duty trucks. The algorithm utilizes link information, which is piggybacked on the original data packet, to estimate which nodes are best suited to forward the packet. The aim is to reach all nodes in the platoon with as few forward messages as possible in order to avoid channel congestion. The algorithm is evaluated by simulation using real world V2V measurement data as input. We show that the algorithm performs almost as good as two ETSI standardized forwarding algorithms with respect to keeping the data age for the entire platoon at a low level. But when it comes to keeping the message intensity low, our algorithm outperforms the better of the ETSI algorithms by 35%.

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  • 11.
    Turnbull, Daisy KE
    Halmstad University, School of Education, Humanities and Social Science. University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom.
    A ‘drift’ in the Anthropocene: A case study of urban maritime materiality2022In: Coastal Studies & Society, E-ISSN 2634-9817, Vol. 1, no 2-4, p. 156-179Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study reviews our understanding of the materiality of the coastline, considering it as a function of post-modern ecology and drawing from it narratives of the Anthropocene. It redresses the theoretical and ontological understandings of archaeologists, geographers, historians and creative artists at a unique urban coastal setting. In doing so, it responds to the work of Ϸóra Pétursdóttir in her 2018 work analysing ‘Drift’ and the tensions found within the inter-tidal zone between human and non-human actors in a remote setting. This study aims to challenge Pétursdóttir’s work within an urban setting. This is achieved through photographic survey of Eastney Spit, to the east of Portsea Island on the south coast of England, and the lived experience of its environment and history. It argues that exploration of materials at the maritime borderland can enable re-evaluation of our relationship with the coast as a lived, urban environment. Through the manipulation of material, historically, artistically or unconsciously, the land and seascape of Eastney have been forever altered by both tangible and intangible cultural forces. As such, the concept of 'drift' is applied to evaluate the corruption of maritime forces and the entangled manipulation of materials that forms unique connections between matter and ontology along contemporary urban coastlines.

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  • 12.
    Jonasson, Mikael
    Halmstad University, School of Education, Humanities and Social Science, Centrum för lärande, kultur och samhälle (CLKS).
    A Dry Martini2017In: Wassard Elea Rivista, no 2, p. 3-11Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This is a semi-philosophical inquiry into the subject of a Dry Martini, which is well known as an alcoholic drink. It is not truly a philosophical inquiry since I am not a philosopher. I am a geographer. The history of the American drink is rather murky. Some say that the town of Martinez in California invented the drink during the mid-1800s Gold Rush. When there was no Champagne to celebrate the good fortune in finding gold, the bartender insisted on something made from the ingredients he had on hand. There is also an assertion that it originated from New York’s Knickerbocker Hotel, named after Martini & Rossi vermouth, which was first created in the mid-1800s.

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  • 13.
    Bacauskiene, Marija
    et al.
    Department of Applied Electronics, Kaunas University of Technology, Lithuania .
    Verikas, Antanas
    Halmstad University, School of Information Science, Computer and Electrical Engineering (IDE), Halmstad Embedded and Intelligent Systems Research (EIS).
    Gelzinis, Adas
    Department of Applied Electronics, Kaunas University of Technology, Lithuania .
    Valincius, Donatas
    Department of Applied Electronics, Kaunas University of Technology, Lithuania .
    A feature selection technique for generation of classification committees and its application to categorization of laryngeal images2009In: Pattern Recognition, ISSN 0031-3203, E-ISSN 1873-5142, Vol. 42, no 5, p. 645-654Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper is concerned with a two phase procedure to select salient features (variables) for classification committees. Both filter and wrapper approaches to feature selection are combined in this work. In the first phase, definitely redundant features are eliminated based on the paired t-test. The test compares the saliency of the candidate and the noise features. In the second phase, the genetic search is employed. The search integrates the steps of training, aggregation of committee members, selection of hyper-parameters, and selection of salient features into the same learning process. A small number of genetic iterations needed to find a solution is the characteristic feature of the genetic search procedure developed. The experimental tests performed on five real-world problems have shown that significant improvements in Classification accuracy can be obtained in a small number of iterations if compared to the case of using all the features available.

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  • 14.
    Savas, Süleyman
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Information Technology, Halmstad Embedded and Intelligent Systems Research (EIS), Centre for Research on Embedded Systems (CERES). Department of Computers Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Ul-Abdin, Zain
    Halmstad University, School of Information Technology, Halmstad Embedded and Intelligent Systems Research (EIS), Centre for Research on Embedded Systems (CERES).
    Nordström, Tomas
    Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
    A Framework to Generate Domain-Specific Manycore Architectures from Dataflow Programs2020In: Microprocessors and microsystems, ISSN 0141-9331, E-ISSN 1872-9436, Vol. 72, article id 102908Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In the last 15 years we have seen, as a response to power and thermal limits for current chip technologies, an explosion in the use of multiple and even many computer cores on a single chip. But now, to further improve performance and energy efficiency, when there are potentially hundreds of computing cores on a chip, we see a need for a specialization of individual cores and the development of heterogeneous manycore computer architectures.

    However, developing such heterogeneous architectures is a significant challenge. Therefore, we propose a design method to generate domain specific manycore architectures based on RISC-V instruction set architecture and automate the main steps of this method with software tools. The design method allows generation of manycore architectures with different configurations including core augmentation through instruction extensions and custom accelerators. The method starts from developing applications in a high-level dataflow language and ends by generating synthesizable Verilog code and cycle accurate emulator for the generated architecture.

    We evaluate the design method and the software tools by generating several architectures specialized for two different applications and measure their performance and hardware resource usages. Our results show that the design method can be used to generate specialized manycore architectures targeting applications from different domains. The specialized architectures show at least 3 to 4 times better performance than the general purpose counterparts. In certain cases, replacing general purpose components with specialized components saves hardware resources. Automating the method increases the speed of architecture development and facilitates the design space exploration of manycore architectures. © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

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  • 15.
    Verikas, Antanas
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Information Science, Computer and Electrical Engineering (IDE), Halmstad Embedded and Intelligent Systems Research (EIS), Intelligent Systems´ laboratory.
    Guzaitis, Jonas
    Kaunas University of Technology.
    Gelzinis, Adas
    Kaunas University of Technology.
    Bacauskiene, Marija
    Kaunas University of Technology.
    A general framework for designing a fuzzy rule-based classifier2011In: Knowledge and Information Systems, ISSN 0219-1377, E-ISSN 0219-3116, Vol. 29, no 1, p. 203-221Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper presents a general framework for designing a fuzzyrule-based classifier. Structure and parameters of the classifierare evolved through a two-stage genetic search. To reduce the searchspace, the classifier structure is constrained by a tree createdusing the evolving SOM tree algorithm. Salient input variables arespecific for each fuzzy rule and are found during the genetic searchprocess. It is shown through computer simulations of four real worldproblems that a large number of rules and input variables can beeliminated from the model without deteriorating the classificationaccuracy. By contrast, the classification accuracy of unseen data isincreased due to the elimination.This paper presents a general framework for designing a fuzzyrule-based classifier. Structure and parameters of the classifierare evolved through a two-stage genetic search. To reduce the searchspace, the classifier structure is constrained by a tree createdusing the evolving SOM tree algorithm. Salient input variables arespecific for each fuzzy rule and are found during the genetic searchprocess. It is shown through computer simulations of four real worldproblems that a large number of rules and input variables can beeliminated from the model without deteriorating the classificationaccuracy. By contrast, the classification accuracy of unseen data isincreased due to the elimination.

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  • 16.
    Troast, Daniel
    et al.
    Department of Biology, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America.
    Suhling, Frank
    Institut für Geoökologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.
    Jinguji, Hiroshi
    School of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Miyagi University, Miyagi, Japan.
    Sahlén, Göran
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science, Biological and Environmental Systems (BLESS).
    Ware, Jessica
    Department of Biology, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America.
    A Global Population Genetic Study of Pantala flavescens2016In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 11, no 3, article id e0148949Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Among terrestrial arthropods, the dragonfly species Pantala flavescens is remarkable due to their nearly global distribution and extensive migratory ranges; the largest of any known insect. Capable of migrating across oceans, the potential for high rates of gene flow among geographically distant populations is significant. It has been hypothesized that P. flavescens may be a global panmictic population but no sufficient genetic evidence has been collected thus far. Through a population genetic analysis of P. flavescens samples from North America, South America, and Asia, the current study aimed to examine the extent at which gene flow is occurring on a global scale and discusses the implications of the genetic patterns we uncovered on population structure and genetic diversity of the species. This was accomplished using PCR-amplified cytochrome oxidase one (CO1) mitochondrial DNA data to reconstruct phylogenetic trees, a haplotype network, and perform molecular variance analyses. Our results suggested high rates of gene flow are occurring among all included geographic regions; providing the first significant evidence that Pantala flavescens should be considered a global panmictic population. © 2016 Troast et al.

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  • 17.
    Galbally, Javier
    et al.
    Escuela Politecnica Superior, Univ. Autonoma de Madrid, Spain.
    Alonso-Fernandez, Fernando
    Escuela Politecnica Superior, Univ. Autonoma de Madrid, Spain.
    Fierrez, Julian
    Escuela Politecnica Superior, Univ. Autonoma de Madrid, Spain.
    Ortega-Garcia, Javier
    Escuela Politecnica Superior, Univ. Autonoma de Madrid, Spain.
    A High Performance Fingerprint Liveness Detection Method Based on Quality Related Features2012In: Future generations computer systems, ISSN 0167-739X, E-ISSN 1872-7115, Vol. 28, no 1, p. 311-321Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A new software-based liveness detection approach using a novel fingerprint parameterization based on quality related features is proposed. The system is tested on a highly challenging database comprising over 10,500 real and fake images acquired with five sensors of different technologies and covering a wide range of direct attack scenarios in terms of materials and procedures followed to generate the gummy fingers. The proposed solution proves to be robust to the multi-scenario dataset, and presents an overall rate of 90% correctly classified samples. Furthermore, the liveness detection method presented has the added advantage over previously studied techniques of needing just one image from a finger to decide whether it is real or fake. This last characteristic provides the method with very valuable features as it makes it less intrusive, more user friendly, faster and reduces its implementation costs. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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  • 18.
    Möllerström, Erik
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science, The Rydberg Laboratory for Applied Sciences (RLAS).
    Gipe, Paul
    Wind-works.org, Bakersfield, CA, USA.
    Beurskens, Jos
    SET Analysis, Schagen, the Netherlands.
    Ottermo, Fredric
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science, The Rydberg Laboratory for Applied Sciences (RLAS).
    A historical review of vertical axis wind turbines rated 100 kW and above2019In: Renewable & sustainable energy reviews, ISSN 1364-0321, E-ISSN 1879-0690, Vol. 105, p. 1-13Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper summarizes and introduces all vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) projects where 100 kW or larger turbines have been installed. The basis for the review is both existing literature and personal correspondence with people once involved in the different developments. By citing the most relevant work for each project, the paper will also work as an information hub, making information on these projects more accessible.

    Since the 1970s, there have been several VAWT projects with installed turbines of significant size, either as attempts to commercialize VAWTs, or as university led research projects, or as a combination of the two. Most have involved Darrieus turbines built in North America during the 1980s. However, H-rotors, which have always been a favored concept in Europe, have seen a revival during the 2010s.

    The reason VAWTs have never fully challenged the success of the horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) is too broad a question to answer here. However, the reasons some VAWT projects have failed are addressed in this paper. Besides the fact that many of the prototypes had terminal failures, most of the installed medium or large-scale VAWTs have to some extent had problems with metal fatigue and durability. Additionally, a lack of long-term interest from governmental or private funders, as well as the introduction of reliable HAWTs, was a recurring theme from those involved in VAWT development, regarding the reason VAWTs so far have failed to succeed. © 2018 The Author(s)

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  • 19.
    Rajabi, Enayat
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Information Technology, Center for Applied Intelligent Systems Research (CAISR). Shannon School of Business, Cape Breton University, Sydney, Canada.
    Nowaczyk, Sławomir
    Halmstad University, School of Information Technology, Center for Applied Intelligent Systems Research (CAISR).
    Pashami, Sepideh
    Halmstad University, School of Information Technology, Center for Applied Intelligent Systems Research (CAISR).
    Bergquist, Magnus
    Halmstad University, School of Information Technology, Center for Applied Intelligent Systems Research (CAISR).
    Ebby, Geethu Susan
    Shannon School of Business, Cape Breton University, Sydney, Canada.
    Wajid, Summrina
    Halmstad University, School of Information Technology, Center for Applied Intelligent Systems Research (CAISR).
    A Knowledge-Based AI Framework for Mobility as a Service2023In: Sustainability, E-ISSN 2071-1050, Vol. 15, no 3, article id 2717Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Mobility as a Service (MaaS) combines various modes of transportation to present mobility services to travellers based on their transport needs. This paper proposes a knowledge-based framework based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) to integrate various mobility data types and provide travellers with customized services. The proposed framework includes a knowledge acquisition process to extract and structure data from multiple sources of information (such as mobility experts and weather data). It also adds new information to a knowledge base and improves the quality of previously acquired knowledge. We discuss how AI can help discover knowledge from various data sources and recommend sustainable and personalized mobility services with explanations. The proposed knowledge-based AI framework is implemented using a synthetic dataset as a proof of concept. Combining different information sources to generate valuable knowledge is identified as one of the challenges in this study. Finally, explanations of the proposed decisions provide a criterion for evaluating and understanding the proposed knowledge-based AI framework. © 2023 by the authors.

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  • 20.
    Ulvenblad, Pia
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science, Centre for Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Learning Research (CIEL).
    Cederholm Björklund, Jennie
    The Rural Economy and Agricultural Society, Lilla Böslid, Sweden.
    A leadership development programme for agricultural entrepreneurs in Sweden2018In: The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, ISSN 1389-224X, E-ISSN 1750-8622, Vol. 24, no 4, p. 327-343Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose:

    This article describes the five-phase process of a leadership development programme conducted with agricultural entrepreneurs who own and manage dairy farms in Sweden. The programme primarily focused on leadership of employees and on self-leadership. The article’s purpose is to present a template for leadership development programmes that can be used in the agricultural sector and in other industry sectors as well.

    Design/Methodology:

    The empirical data come from interviews with agricultural entrepreneurs, agricultural advisors and authors of a book on leadership in its various forms. Observations were also conducted of the instruction in the leadership development programme.

    Findings:

    First, agricultural entrepreneurs (and possibly entrepreneurs in other sectors) benefit from leadership development programmes in which the concept and practice of self-leadership are emphasized. Second, such programmes are more valuable to participants if other actors (e.g. academics and advisors) are participants. Third, coaches are useful as support for the programmes’ participants. Practical Implications: An implication of this study is the finding that working with the knowledge transfer and dissemination to advisors and entrepreneurs in the agricultural sector can enhance leadership competences in the industry. Role transformation (e.g. advisor to coach) can also enhance the transfer of such leadership competences.

    Theoretical implications:

    An implication for theory is to include a self-leadership module in leadership theories about learning leadership in development programmes.

    Originality/Value:

    Knowledge transfer and dissemination through leadership development programmes for agricultural advisors and entrepreneurs can have a beneficial effect on industry leadership and management. In addition to the traditional leadership skills that many leadership development programmes teach, such programmes also need to emphasize self-leadership.

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  • 21.
    Garell, Cecilia
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI).
    Svedberg, Petra
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI).
    Nygren, Jens
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI).
    A Legal Framework to Support Development and Assessment of Digital Health Services2016In: JMIR Medical Informatics, E-ISSN 2291-9694, Vol. 4, no 2, p. e17-e17Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Digital health services empower people to track, manage, and improve their own health and quality of life while delivering a more personalized and precise health care, at a lower cost and with higher efficiency and availability. Essential for the use of digital health services is that the treatment of any personal data is compatible with the Patient Data Act, Personal Data Act, and other applicable privacy laws.

    OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to develop a framework for legal challenges to support designers in development and assessment of digital health services.

    METHODS: A purposive sampling, together with snowball recruitment, was used to identify stakeholders and information sources for organizing, extending, and prioritizing the different concepts, actors, and regulations in relation to digital health and health-promoting digital systems. The data were collected through structured interviewing and iteration, and 3 different cases were used for face validation of the framework.

    RESULTS: A framework for assessing the legal challenges in developing digital health services (Legal Challenges in Digital Health [LCDH] Framework) was created and consists of 6 key questions to be used to evaluate a digital health service according to current legislation.

    CONCLUSIONS: Structured discussion about legal challenges in relation to health-promoting digital services can be enabled by a constructive framework to investigate, assess, and verify the digital service according to current legislation. The LCDH Framework developed in this study proposes such a framework and can be used in prospective evaluation of the relationship of a potential health-promoting digital service with the existing laws and regulations.

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  • 22.
    Vedder, Benjamin
    et al.
    Department of Electronics, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Vinter, Jonny
    Department of Electronics, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Jonsson, Magnus
    Halmstad University, School of Information Technology, Halmstad Embedded and Intelligent Systems Research (EIS).
    A Low-Cost Model Vehicle Testbed with Accurate Positioning for Autonomous Driving2018In: Journal of Robotics, ISSN 1687-9600, E-ISSN 1687-9619, Vol. 2018, article id 4907536Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Accurate positioning is a requirement for many applications, including safety-critical autonomous vehicles. To reduce cost and at the same time improving accuracy for positioning of autonomous vehicles, new methods, tools and research platforms are needed. We have created a low-cost testbed consisting of electronics and software, that can be fitted on model vehicles allowing them to follow trajectories autonomously with a position accuracy of around 3 cm outdoors. The position of the vehicles is derived from sensor fusion between Real-Time Kinematic Satellite Navigation (RTK-SN), odometry and inertial measurement, and performs well within a 10 km radius from a base station. Trajectories to be followed can be edited with a custom GUI, where also several model vehicles can be controlled and visualized in real time. All software and Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) for our testbed are available as open source to make customization and development possible. Our testbed can be used for research within autonomous driving, for carrying test equipment, and other applications where low cost and accurate positioning and navigation is required. © 2018 Benjamin Vedder et al.

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  • 23.
    Tan, Yanhui
    et al.
    Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
    Deng, Wende
    Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
    Zhang, Yueyang
    Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
    Ke, Minhong
    Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
    Zou, Binhua
    Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
    Luo, Xiaowei
    Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
    Su, Jianbin
    Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
    Wang, Yiyuan
    Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
    Xu, Jialan
    Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
    Nandakumar, Kutty Selva
    Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
    Liu, Yonghong
    Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
    Zhou, Xuefeng
    Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
    Li, Xiaojuan
    Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
    A marine fungus-derived nitrobenzoyl sesquiterpenoid suppresses receptor activator of NF-κB ligand-induced osteoclastogenesis and inflammatory bone destruction2020In: British Journal of Pharmacology, ISSN 0007-1188, E-ISSN 1476-5381, Vol. 177, no 18, p. 4242-4260Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Osteoclasts are unique cells to absorb bone. Targeting osteoclast differentiation is a therapeutic strategy for osteolytic diseases. Natural marine products have already become important sources of new drugs. The naturally occurring nitrobenzoyl sesquiterpenoids first identified from marine fungi in 1998 are bioactive compounds with a special structure, but their pharmacological functions are largely unknown. Here, we investigated six marine fungus-derived nitrobenzoyl sesquiterpenoids on osteoclastogenesis and elucidated the mechanisms.

    EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Compounds were first tested by RANKL-induced NF-κB luciferase activity and osteoclastic TRAP assay, followed by molecular docking to characterize the structure-activity relationship. The effects and mechanisms of the most potent nitrobenzoyl sesquiterpenoid on RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption were further evaluated in vitro. Micro-CT and histology analysis were used to assess the prevention of bone destruction by nitrobenzoyl sesquiterpenoids in vivo.

    KEY RESULTS: Nitrobenzoyl sesquiterpenoid 4, with a nitrobenzoyl moiety at C-14 and a hydroxyl group at C-9, was the most active compound on NF-κB activity and osteoclastogenesis. Consequently, nitrobenzoyl sesquiterpenoid 4 exhibited suppression of RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption from 0.5 μM. It blocked RANKL-induced IκBa phosphorylation, NF-κB p65 and RelB nuclear translocation, NFATc1 activation, reduced DC-STAMP but not c-Fos expression during osteoclastogenesis in vitro. Nitrobenzoyl sesquiterpenoid 4 also ameliorated LPS-induced osteolysis in vivo.

    CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: These results highlighted nitrobenzoyl sesquiterpenoid 4 as a novel inhibitor of osteoclast differentiation. This marine-derived sesquiterpenoid is a promising lead compound for the treatment of osteolytic diseases.

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  • 24.
    Lidell, Evy
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI).
    Axelsson, Åsa
    Institutionen för vårdvetenskap och hälsa, Göteborgs Universitet.
    Fridlund, Bengt
    School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping.
    Mårtensson, Jan
    School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping.
    Hildingh, Cathrine
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI).
    A masters programme in cardiovascular nursing: a two-year-follow-up2009In: Vård i Norden, ISSN 0107-4083, E-ISSN 1890-4238, Vol. 29, no 2, p. 48-49Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study was to evaluate professional development and promotion as well as whether the new competence was requested after completion of a one-year master programme (MP) in Cardiovascular (CV) nursing. In Sweden the first one-year MP within the CV area took place between 2003 and 2005 at Halmstad University with a follow-up in 2007. The sample consisted of seventeen former students who had completed the MP. A questionnaire was developed comprising twenty items grouped into three main sections. Most of the nurses stated that their knowledge was requested and that they had developed their professional attitude, skills and knowledge. Seven of the nurses had a new position and five of them had advanced in terms of leadership. In three cases, the master exam was critical for the employers’ decision. Six of the nurses who had a new post had obtained an increase in salary. In conclusion, the MP led to increased competence as well as improved career prospects. Information about the MP should be available at clinics, and collaboration between clinical practice and education is necessary in order to ensure relevant use of master educated nurses’ competence.

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  • 25.
    Bond, Melissa
    et al.
    University College London, London, United Kingdom; University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway; National Institute of Teaching, Wakefield, United Kingdom.
    Khosravi, Hassan
    The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
    De Laat, Maarten
    University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
    Bergdahl, Nina
    Halmstad University, School of Education, Humanities and Social Science.
    Negrea, Violeta
    National Institute of Teaching, Wakefield, United Kingdom.
    Oxley, Emily
    National Institute of Teaching, Wakefield, United Kingdom.
    Pham, Phuong
    University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
    Chong, Sin Wang
    University of St Andrew’s, St Andrews, United Kingdom; National Institute of Teaching, Wakefield, United Kingdom.
    Siemens, George
    University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
    A Meta Systematic Review of Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education: A call for increased ethics, collaboration, and rigour2024In: International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, E-ISSN 2365-9440, Vol. 21, article id 4Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Although the field of Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIEd) has a substantial history as a research domain, never before has the rapid evolution of AI applications in education sparked such prominent public discourse. Given the growing AIEd literature base in higher education, it is important to ensure that the field has a solid research and conceptual grounding as AI adoption increases. This review of reviews is the first comprehensive meta review to explore the scope and nature of AIEd in higher education (AIHEd) research, by synthesising secondary research (e.g., systematic reviews), indexed in the Web of Science, Scopus, ERIC, EBSCOHost, IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect and ACM Digital Library, or captured through snowballing in OpenAlex, ResearchGate and Google Scholar. Reviews were included if they synthesised applications of AI solely in formal higher or continuing education, were published in English between 2018 and July 2023, were journal articles or full conference papers, and if they had a method section. 66 publications were included for data extraction and synthesis in EPPI Reviewer, which were predominantly systematic reviews (66.7%), published by authors from North America (27.3%), conducted in teams (89.4%) in mostly domestic-only collaborations (71.2%). Findings show that these reviews mostly focused on AIHEd generally (47.0%) or Profiling and Prediction (28.8%) as thematic foci, however key findings indicated a predominance of the use of Adaptive Systems and Personalisation in higher education. Research gaps identified suggest a need for greater ethical, methodological, and contextual considerations within future research, alongside interdisciplinary approaches to AIHEd application. Suggestions are provided to guide future primary and secondary research. © 2024, The Author(s).

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  • 26.
    Bhatti, Harrison John
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Innovation and Sustainability. The Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI), Göteborg, Sweden.
    Danilovic, Mike
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Innovation and Sustainability. Shanghai Dianji University, Shanghai, China; Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Nåbo, Arne
    The Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI), Göteborg, Sweden.
    A Multidimensional Readiness Index for the Electrification of the Transportation System in China, Norway, and Sweden2023In: Future Transportation, E-ISSN 2673-7590, Vol. 3, no 4, p. 1360-1384Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The main objective of this paper is to develop a readiness index model that can serve as an analytical tool for exploring the achievements of the electrification of transportation systems. We have applied this readiness index model to evaluate the readiness positioning of China, Norway, and Sweden towards transportation electrification. We have chosen these three countries as they represent diversity among countries adopting electric transportation system solutions. Our developed readiness index model has four key dimensions: technological readiness, political readiness, societal readiness, and economic readiness. The embeddedness of all four dimensions in one model provides a multi-perspective way of analyzing and evaluating the readiness levels of countries moving towards transforming their transportation system. Therefore, we named the model a “multidimensional readiness index”. Our main conclusions are that political processes and decisiveness are the most important factors, followed by societal needs and economic ability, with the current technology as the fourth. Without the participation of dedicated and determined political decision makers, the other three factors are challenging to obtain. Political decision makers need to facilitate economic means to support the transformation in society and affected industries to balance the economic disadvantages of the electrically powered vehicle systems until they pass the cost disadvantage turning point. The development of relevant technology is no longer the significant barrier it was at the beginning of this transformation about 20 years ago. The technology for electrically powered transportation systems and devices is widely available now, although it is continuously evolving and being improved. Associated industries cannot be expected to initiate, finance, take risks, and take the lead in this global societal transformation without clear and strong political support.

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    Multidimensional Readiness Index Model
  • 27. Parsa, Amin
    A name that became a code: On the sociolegal life of compulsory hijab in Iran2022In: Retfærd: Nordisk Juridisk Tidsskrift, ISSN 0105-1121, Vol. 4, p. 85-95Article in journal (Other academic)
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    Parsa–A Name that Became a Code
  • 28.
    Sant'Anna, Anita
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Information Technology, Halmstad Embedded and Intelligent Systems Research (EIS), Intelligent Systems´ laboratory.
    Salarian, Arash
    Oregon Health and Science Univeristy.
    Wickström, Nicholas
    Halmstad University, School of Information Technology, Halmstad Embedded and Intelligent Systems Research (EIS), Intelligent Systems´ laboratory.
    A new measure of movement symmetry in early Parkinson's disease patients using symbolic processing of inertial sensor data2011In: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, ISSN 0018-9294, E-ISSN 1558-2531, Vol. 58, no 7, p. 2127-2135Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Movement asymmetry is one of the motor symptoms associated with Parkinson's Disease (PD). Therefore, being able to detect and measure movement symmetry is important for monitoring the patient's condition.

    The present paper introduces a novel symbol based symmetry index calculated from inertial sensor data. The method is explained, evaluated and compared to six other symmetry measures. These measures were used to determine the symmetry of both upper and lower limbs during walking of 11 early-to-mid-stage PD patients and 15 control subjects. The patients included in the study showed minimal motor abnormalities according to the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS).

    The symmetry indices were used to classify subjects into two different groups corresponding to PD or control. The proposed method presented high sensitivity and specificity with an area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.872, 9\% greater than the second best method. The proposed method also showed an excellent Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) of 0.949, 55\% greater than the second best method. Results suggest that the proposed symmetry index is appropriate for this particular group of patients.

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    SantAnna2011
  • 29.
    Teleman, Britta
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Svedberg, Petra
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Larsson, Ingrid
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Karlsson, Caroline
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Nygren, Jens M.
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    A Norm-Creative Method for Co-constructing Personas With Children With Disabilities: Multiphase Design Study2022In: Journal of Participatory Medicine, E-ISSN 2152-7202, Vol. 14, no 1, article id e29743Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: An increase in the demand for child participation in health care requires tools that enable and empower children to be involved in the co-production of their own care. The development of such tools should involve children, but participatory design and research with children have challenges, in particular, when involving children with disabilities where a low level of participation is the norm. Norm-creative and participatory approaches may bring more effective design solutions for this group. “Personas” is a methodology for increasing user perspectives in design and offers representation when users are absent. However, research on participatory persona generation in this context is limited.

    Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate how norm-creative and participatory design approaches can be integrated in a persona generation method to suit children with disabilities in the design of games for health that target this group.

    Methods: The method development involved interview transcripts and image-based workshops. Sixteen children with various disabilities participated in persona generation through co-creation of characters and scenarios. The results from the workshops were validated together with 8 children without disabilities, 1 young adult with a disability, and 1 rehabilitation professional. A qualitative thematic design analysis was iterated throughout the process.

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    Teleman et al_A Norm-Creative Method for Co-constructing Personas with Children with Disabilities_Multuphase Design Study
  • 30.
    Nygren, Jens Martin
    et al.
    Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Bryder, David
    Lund University, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Sweden.
    A novel assay to trace proliferation history in vivo reveals that enhanced divisional kinetics accompany loss of hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal2008In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 3, no 11, p. art. no. e3710-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: The maintenance of lifelong blood cell production ultimately rests on rare hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that reside in the bone marrow microenvironment. HSCs are traditionally viewed as mitotically quiescent relative to their committed progeny. However, traditional techniques for assessing proliferation activity in vivo, such as measurement of BrdU uptake, are incompatible with preservation of cellular viability. Previous studies of HSC proliferation kinetics in vivo have therefore precluded direct functional evaluation of multi-potency and self-renewal, the hallmark properties of HSCs. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We developed a non-invasive labeling technique that allowed us to identify and isolate candidate HSCs and early hematopoietic progenitor cells based on their differential in vivo proliferation kinetics. Such cells were functionally evaluated for their abilities to multi-lineage reconstitute myeloablated hosts. CONCLUSIONS: Although at least a few HSC divisions per se did not influence HSC function, enhanced kinetics of divisional activity in steady state preceded the phenotypic changes that accompanied loss of HSC self-renewal. Therefore, mitotic quiescence of HSCs, relative to their committed progeny, is key to maintain the unique functional and molecular properties of HSCs.

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  • 31.
    Khan, Taha
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Information Technology, Halmstad Embedded and Intelligent Systems Research (EIS), CAISR - Center for Applied Intelligent Systems Research.
    Lundgren, Lina
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science, The Rydberg Laboratory for Applied Sciences (RLAS). Halmstad University, School of Information Technology, Halmstad Embedded and Intelligent Systems Research (EIS), CAISR - Center for Applied Intelligent Systems Research.
    Järpe, Eric
    Halmstad University, School of Information Technology, Halmstad Embedded and Intelligent Systems Research (EIS), CAISR - Center for Applied Intelligent Systems Research.
    Olsson, M. Charlotte
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science, The Rydberg Laboratory for Applied Sciences (RLAS).
    Wiberg, Pelle
    Raytelligence AB, Halmstad, Sweden.
    A Novel Method for Classification of Running Fatigue Using Change-Point Segmentation2019In: Sensors, E-ISSN 1424-8220, Vol. 19, no 21, article id 4729Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Blood lactate accumulation is a crucial fatigue indicator during sports training. Previous studies have predicted cycling fatigue using surface-electromyography (sEMG) to non-invasively estimate lactate concentration in blood. This study used sEMG to predict muscle fatigue while running and proposes a novel method for the automatic classification of running fatigue based on sEMG. Data were acquired from 12 runners during an incremental treadmill running-test using sEMG sensors placed on the vastus-lateralis, vastus-medialis, biceps-femoris, semitendinosus, and gastrocnemius muscles of the right and left legs. Blood lactate samples of each runner were collected every two minutes during the test. A change-point segmentation algorithm labeled each sample with a class of fatigue level as (1) aerobic, (2) anaerobic, or (3) recovery. Three separate random forest models were trained to classify fatigue using 36 frequency, 51 time-domain, and 36 time-event sEMG features. The models were optimized using a forward sequential feature elimination algorithm. Results showed that the random forest trained using distributive power frequency of the sEMG signal of the vastus-lateralis muscle alone could classify fatigue with high accuracy. Importantly for this feature, group-mean ranks were significantly different (p < 0.01) between fatigue classes. Findings support using this model for monitoring fatigue levels during running. © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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  • 32.
    Larsson, Ingrid
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI), Health promotion and disease prevention. Spenshult Research and Development Centre, Halmstad, Sweden.
    Fridlund, Bengt
    School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden .
    Arvidsson, Barbro
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI).
    Teleman, Annika
    Capio Movement Hospital, Halmstad, Sweden.
    Svedberg, Petra
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI), Health promotion and disease prevention.
    Bergman, Stefan
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI), Health promotion and disease prevention. Spenshult Research and Development Centre, Halmstad, Sweden & University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    A nurse-led rheumatology clinic versus rheumatologist-led clinic in monitoring of patients with chronic inflammatory arthritis undergoing biological therapy: a cost comparison study in a randomised controlled trial2015In: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, E-ISSN 1471-2474, Vol. 16, article id 354Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Recommendations for rheumatology nursing management of chronic inflammatory arthritis (CIA) from European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) states that nurses should take part in the monitoring patients’ disease and therapy in order to achieve cost savings. The aim of the study was to compare the costs of rheumatology care between a nurse-led rheumatology clinic (NLC), based on person-centred care (PCC), versus a rheumatologist-led clinic (RLC), in monitoring of patients with CIA undergoing biological therapy.

    Methods: Patients with CIA undergoing biological therapy (n = 107) and a Disease Activity Score of 28 ≤ 3.2 were randomised to follow-up by either NLC or RLC. All patients met the rheumatologist at inclusion and after 12 months. In the intervention one of two annual monitoring visits in an RLC was replaced by a visit to an NLC. The primary outcome was total annual cost of rheumatology care.

    Results: A total of 97 patients completed the RCT at the 12 month follow-up. Replacing one of the two annual rheumatologist monitoring visits by a nurse-led monitoring visit, resulted in no additional contacts to the rheumatology clinic, but rather a decrease in the use of resources and a reduction of costs. The total annual rheumatology care costs including fixed monitoring, variable monitoring, rehabilitation, specialist consultations, radiography, and pharmacological therapy, generated €14107.7 per patient in the NLC compared with €16274.9 in the RCL (p = 0.004), giving a €2167.2 (13 %) lower annual cost for the NLC.

    Conclusions: Patients with CIA and low disease activity or in remission undergoing biological therapy can be monitored with a reduced resource use and at a lower annual cost by an NLC, based on PCC with no difference in clinical outcomes. This could free resources for more intensive monitoring of patients early in the disease or patients with high disease activity.

    Trial registration: The trial is registered as a clinical trial at the ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01071447). Registration date: October 8, 2009.

    © 2015 Larsson et al.

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  • 33.
    Zhang, Naru
    et al.
    Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China.
    Li, Kangchen
    Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China.
    Liu, Zezhong
    Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
    Nandakumar, Kutty Selva
    Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Jiang, Shibo
    Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
    A Perspective on the Roles of Adjuvants in Developing Highly Potent COVID-19 Vaccines2022In: Viruses, E-ISSN 1999-4915, Vol. 14, no 2, p. 387-387Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Several countries have made unremitting efforts to develop an optimal vaccine in the fight against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). With the increasing occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 variants, current vaccines show decreased neutralizing activities, especially towards the Omicron variant. In this context, adding appropriate adjuvants to COVID-19 vaccines can substantially reduce the number of required doses and improve efficacy or cross-neutralizing protection. We mainly focus on research progress and achievements associated with adjuvanted COVID-19 subunit and inactivated vaccines. We further compare the advantages and disadvantages of different adjuvant formulations in order to provide a scientific reference for designing an effective strategy for future vaccine development.

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  • 34.
    Solberg Søilen, Klaus
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science, Centre for Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Learning Research (CIEL), Centre for International Marketing and Entrepreneurship Research (CIMER).
    A place for intelligence studies as a scientific discipline2015In: Journal of Intelligence Studies in Business, ISSN 2001-015X, E-ISSN 2001-015X, Vol. 5, no 3, p. 35-46Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Is the field of Competitive Intelligence (CI) or Intelligence Studies (IS) a proper scientific field of study? The empirical investigation found that academics and professionals within CI and IS could not agree upon what dimensions, topics or content are handled by their own area of interest that is not covered by other areas of study. In fact, most topics listed as special for CI and IS are covered by other established scientific journals. Most topics are covered by other disciplines. The data also showed that the same group could not list any analysis that is not used by other areas of study. It shows that a majority of the analyses the respondents think are unique to their study come from the area of strategy and military intelligence. However, this does not mean that CI and IS do not have their own place or niche as a study and discipline. It is suggested here, but further investigation is encouraged, that CI and IS bring a number of unique dimensions to the social sciences.

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  • 35.
    Rebeggiani, Sabina
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science, Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design (MTEK), Functional Surfaces.
    Rosén, Bengt-Göran
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science, Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design (MTEK), Functional Surfaces.
    Sandberg, Alf
    Uddeholms AB, Hagfors, Sweden.
    A quantitative method to estimate high gloss polished tool steel surfaces2011In: Journal of Physics, Conference Series, ISSN 1742-6588, E-ISSN 1742-6596, Vol. 311, no 1, article id 012004Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Visual estimations are today the most common way to assess the surface quality of moulds and dies; a method that are both subjective and, with today’s high demands on surfaces, hardly usable to distinguish between the finest surface qualities. Instead a method based on non-contact 3D-surface texture analysis is suggested. Several types of tool steel samples, manually as well as machine polished, were analysed to study different types of surface defects such as pitting, orange peel and outwardly features. The classification of the defect structures serves as a catalogue where known defects are described. Suggestions of different levels of ‘high surface quality’ defined in numerical values adapted to high gloss polished tool steel surfaces are presented. The final goal is to develop a new manual that can work as a ‘standard’ for estimations of tool steel surfaces for steel producers, mould makers, polishers etc.

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  • 36.
    Ranftl, Andreas
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Information Technology.
    Alonso-Fernandez, Fernando
    Halmstad University, School of Information Technology, Halmstad Embedded and Intelligent Systems Research (EIS), CAISR - Center for Applied Intelligent Systems Research.
    Karlsson, Stefan
    Halmstad University, School of Information Technology, Halmstad Embedded and Intelligent Systems Research (EIS), CAISR - Center for Applied Intelligent Systems Research.
    Bigun, Josef
    Halmstad University, School of Information Technology, Halmstad Embedded and Intelligent Systems Research (EIS), CAISR - Center for Applied Intelligent Systems Research.
    A Real-Time AdaBoost Cascade Face Tracker Based on Likelihood Map and Optical Flow2017In: IET Biometrics, ISSN 2047-4938, E-ISSN 2047-4946, Vol. 6, no 6, p. 468-477Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We present a novel face tracking approach where optical flow information is incorporated into a modified version of the Viola-Jones detection algorithm. In the original algorithm, detection is static, as information from previous frames is not considered; in addition, candidate windows have to pass all stages of the classification cascade, otherwise they are discarded as containing no face. In contrast, the proposed tracker preserves information about the number of classification stages passed by each window. Such information is used to build a likelihood map, which represents the probability of having a face located at that position. Tracking capabilities are provided by extrapolating the position of the likelihood map to the next frame by optical flow computation. The proposed algorithm works in real time on a standard laptop. The system is verified on the Boston Head Tracking Database, showing that the proposed algorithm outperforms the standard Viola-Jones detector in terms of detection rate and stability of the output bounding box, as well as including the capability to deal with occlusions. We also evaluate two recently published face detectors based on Convolutional Networks and Deformable Part Models, with our algorithm showing a comparable accuracy at a fraction of the computation time.

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  • 37.
    McKelvey, Maureen
    et al.
    Institute for Innovation and Entrepreneurship, School of Business, Economics and Law, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Saemundsson, Rögnvaldur
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science, Centre for Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Learning Research (CIEL).
    Zaring, Olof
    Institute for Innovation and Entrepreneurship, School of Business, Economics and Law, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    A Recent Crisis in Regenerative Medicine: Analyzing Governance in Order to Identify Public Policy Issues2018In: Science and Public Policy, ISSN 0302-3427, E-ISSN 1471-5430, Vol. 45, no 5, p. 608-620Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This article focuses upon issues that public policy makers need to address, when trying to stimulate world-leading research into new areas, which are potentially also valuable to solving societal challenges. Our analysis helps contribute to the theoretical discussions about governance of new knowledge. We focus upon the sequence of events surrounding the main actors of a recent crisis of regenerative medicine in Sweden. We define governance theoretically, and use a conceptual model in order to structure the empirical analysis. Regenerative medicine is an interesting setting to explore these topics, not least because both public and private actors are often involved, and because governments struggle with how to promote ‘translational research’, e.g. diffusing scientific research into clinical practice. Our case study helps understand the process that led up to a crisis in regenerative medicine and identifies and discusses four issues that need to be addressed by policy makers. © The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press.

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  • 38.
    Fransen, Marieke F
    et al.
    Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
    Nandakumar, Kutty Selva
    Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
    A Restricted Role for FcγR in the Regulation of Adaptive Immunity2018In: Journal of Immunology, ISSN 0022-1767, E-ISSN 1550-6606, Vol. 200, no 8, p. 2615-2626Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    By their interaction with IgG immune complexes, FcγR and complement link innate and adaptive immunity, showing functional redundancy. In complement-deficient mice, IgG downstream effector functions are often impaired, as well as adaptive immunity. Based on a variety of model systems using FcγR-knockout mice, it has been concluded that FcγRs are also key regulators of innate and adaptive immunity; however, several of the model systems underpinning these conclusions suffer from flawed experimental design. To address this issue, we generated a novel mouse model deficient for all FcγRs (FcγRI/II/III/IV-/- mice). These mice displayed normal development and lymphoid and myeloid ontogeny. Although IgG effector pathways were impaired, adaptive immune responses to a variety of challenges, including bacterial infection and IgG immune complexes, were not. Like FcγRIIb-deficient mice, FcγRI/II/III/IV-/- mice developed higher Ab titers but no autoantibodies. These observations indicate a redundant role for activating FcγRs in the modulation of the adaptive immune response in vivo. We conclude that FcγRs are downstream IgG effector molecules with a restricted role in the ontogeny and maintenance of the immune system, as well as the regulation of adaptive immunity.

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  • 39.
    Stasiunas, Antanas
    et al.
    Kaunas University of Technology, Lithuania.
    Verikas, Antanas
    Halmstad University, School of Information Science, Computer and Electrical Engineering (IDE), Halmstad Embedded and Intelligent Systems Research (EIS), Intelligent systems (IS-lab).
    Bacauskiene, Marija
    Kaunas University of Technology, Lithuania.
    Miliauskas, Rimvydas
    Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Lithuania.
    A Serial-Parallel Panoramic Filter Bank as a Model of Frequency Decomposition of Complex Sounds in the Human Inner Ear2011In: Informatica (Vilnius), ISSN 0868-4952, E-ISSN 1822-8844, Vol. 22, no 2, p. 259-278Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We consider that the outer hair cells of the inner ear together with the local structuresof the basilar membrane, reticular lamina and tectorial membrane form the primary filters (PF) ofthe second order. Taking into account a delay in transmission of the excitation signal in the cochleaand the influence of the Reissner membrane, we design a signal filtering system consisting of thePF with the common PF of the neighboring channels. We assess the distribution of the centralfrequencies of the channels along the cochlea, optimal number of the PF constituting a channel,natural frequencies of the channels, damping factors and summation weights of the outputs of thePF. As an example, we present a filter bank comprising 20 Gaussian-type channels each consistingof five PF. The proposed filtering system can be useful for designing cochlear implants based onbiological principles of signal processing in the cochlea.

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  • 40.
    Tong, Dongmei
    et al.
    Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
    Lönnblom, Erik
    Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Nandakumar, Kutty Selva
    Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
    Holmdahl, Rikard
    Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
    A Shared Epitope of Collagen Type XI and Type II Is Recognized by Pathogenic Antibodies in Mice and Humans with Arthritis2018In: Frontiers in Immunology, E-ISSN 1664-3224, Vol. 9, article id 451Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Collagen XI (CXI) is a heterotrimeric molecule with triple helical structure in which the α3(XI) chain is identical to the α1(II) chain of collagen II (CII), but with extensive posttranslational modifications. CXI molecules are intermingled in the cartilage collagen fibers, which are mainly composed of CII. One of the alpha chains in CXI is shared with CII and contains the immunodominant T cell epitope, but it is unclear whether there are shared B cell epitopes as the antibodies tend to recognize the triple helical structures.

    Methods: Mice expressing the susceptible immune response gene Aq were immunized with CII or CXI. Serum antibody responses were measured, monoclonal antibodies were isolated and analyzed for specificity to CII, CXI, and triple helical collagen peptides using bead-based multiplex immunoassays, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and Western blots. Arthritogenicity of the antibodies was investigated by passive transfer experiments.

    Results: Immunization with CII or CXI leads to a strong T and B cell response, including a cross-reactive response to both collagen types. Immunization with CII leads to severe arthritis in mice, with a response toward CXI at the chronic stage, whereas CXI immunization induces very mild arthritis only. A series of monoclonal antibodies to CXI were isolated and of these, the L10D9 antibody bound to both CXI and CII equally strong, with a specific binding for the D3 epitope region of α3(XI) or α1(II) chain. The L10D9 antibody binds cartilage in vivo and induced severe arthritis. In contrast, the L5F3 antibody only showed weak binding and L7D8 antibody has no binding to cartilage and did not induce arthritis. The arthritogenic L10D9 antibody bound to an epitope shared with CII, the triple helical D3 epitope. Antibody levels to the shared D3 epitope were elevated in the sera from mice with arthritis as well as in rheumatoid arthritis.

    Conclusion: CXI is immunologically not exposed in healthy cartilage but contains T and B cell epitopes cross-reactive with CII, which could be activated in both mouse and human arthritis and could evoke an arthritogenic response.

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  • 41.
    Brorsson, Sofia
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science, Biological and Environmental Systems (BLESS).
    Hilliges, Marita
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science, Biological and Environmental Systems (BLESS).
    Sollerman, Christer
    Department of Hand Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg.
    Nilsdotter, Anna
    R & D Center, Spenshults Hospital of Rheumatic Diseases .
    A six-week hand exercise programme improves strength and hand function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis2009In: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, ISSN 1650-1977, E-ISSN 1651-2081, Vol. 41, no 5, p. 338-342Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE:

    To evaluate the effects of hand exercise in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and to compare the results with healthy controls.

    METHODS:

    Forty women (20 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 20 healthy controls) performed a hand exercise programme. The results were evaluated after 6 and 12 weeks with hand force measurements (with a finger extension force measurement device (EX-it) and finger flexion force measurement with Grippit). Hand function was evaluated with the Grip Ability Test (GAT) and with patient relevant questionnaires (Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) and Short Form-36). Ultrasound measurements were performed on m. extensor digitorum communis for analysis of the muscle response to the exercise programme.

    RESULTS:

    The extension and flexion force improved in both groups after 6 weeks (p < 0.01). Hand function (GAT) also improved in both groups (p < 0.01). The rheumatoid arthritis group showed improvement in the results of the DASH questionnaire (p < 0.05). The cross-sectional area of the extensor digitorum communis increased significantly in both groups measured with ultrasound.

    CONCLUSION:

    A significant improvement in hand force and hand function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis was seen after 6 weeks of hand training; the improvement was even more pronounced after 12 weeks. Hand exercise is thus an effective intervention for rheumatoid arthritis patients, leading to better strength and function.

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  • 42.
    Widing, Lizette
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Education, Humanities and Social Science.
    Nilsson, Pernilla
    Halmstad University, School of Education, Humanities and Social Science.
    Granklint Enochson, Pernilla
    Halmstad University, School of Education, Humanities and Social Science. Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
    A social semiotic lens to capture meaning-making of polymeric concepts during modelling in chemistry education2023In: Chemistry Education Research and Practice, E-ISSN 1756-1108, Vol. 24, no 2, p. 659-673Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study investigated students’ meaning-making of polymeric concepts during modelling and discuss students’ creation of visible representations in chemistry. The analysis combines a phenomenographic and social semiotic approach and leads to the finding and description of 21 different meaning-making processes. We refer to meaning-making as the outcome of translative communication through representations, discerned by students, where the collective meaning of created representations that build on each other constitutes the meaning as a whole. The study took place in three Swedish upper secondary chemistry classes. Data were collected from eight groups of 3–4 students (n = 30). Video, audio recordings and photos taken during modelling were analysed to investigate students’ meaning-making during the modelling process. The results show translative changes between and within semiotic resources, indicating meaning for students’ learning of polymeric concepts. Additionally, the representations produced during modelling were essential resources connecting the submicro and macro levels by creating a ‘bridge’ between levels. The results show that the modelling activities practised by all groups were multimodal. The study acknowledges that teachers can use the social semiotic lens as a tool to evaluate students’ modelling in addition to the importance of translative processes during modelling. © 2023 The Royal Society of Chemistry.

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  • 43.
    Solberg Søilen, Klaus
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science, Centre for Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Learning Research (CIEL), Centre for International Marketing and Entrepreneurship Research (CIMER).
    A survey of users’ perspectives and preferences as to the value of JISIB - a spot-check2014In: Journal of Intelligence Studies in Business, ISSN 2001-015X, E-ISSN 2001-015X, Vol. 4, no 2, p. 61-66Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The Journal of Intelligence Studies in Business (JISIB) has performed a survey, or done a spot-check, to learn more about its users at the end of three years of publications. Users were found via the journal’s site on LinkedIn and a web-survey was sent from there as an announcement. 18 respondents answered completely. This was only 3,2% of the total member group, but we still think we can draw a number of conclusion from it, also as compared to feedback gathered during the years. Users are looking for more case study material in the articles. There is an even balance between those who think there is too much technical material and too little. The discussion about what languages to publish articles in is likely to continue. It is not given that this should be exclusively English in the future. At the same time publishing non-English articles present a number of challenges.

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  • 44.
    Sant'Anna, Anita
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Information Science, Computer and Electrical Engineering (IDE), Halmstad Embedded and Intelligent Systems Research (EIS), Intelligent systems (IS-lab).
    Wickström, Nicholas
    Halmstad University, School of Information Science, Computer and Electrical Engineering (IDE), Halmstad Embedded and Intelligent Systems Research (EIS), Intelligent systems (IS-lab).
    A Symbol-Based Approach to Gait Analysis From Acceleration Signals: Identification and Detection of Gait Events and a New Measure of Gait Symmetry2010In: IEEE transactions on information technology in biomedicine, ISSN 1089-7771, E-ISSN 1558-0032, Vol. 14, no 5, p. 1180-1187Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Gait analysis can convey important information about one’s physical and cognitive condition. Wearable inertial sensor systems can be used to continuously and unobtrusively assess gait during everyday activities in uncontrolled environments. An important step in the development of such systems is the processing and  analysis of the sensor data. This paper presents a symbol-based method used to detect the phases of gait and convey important dynamic information from accelerometer signals. The addition of expert knowledge substitutes the need for supervised learning techniques, rendering the system easy to interpret and easy to improve incrementally. The proposed method is compared to an approach based on peak-detection. A new symbol-based symmetry index is created and compared to a traditional temporal symmetry index and a symmetry measure based on cross-correlation. The symbol-based symmetry index exemplifies how the proposed method can extract more information from the acceleration signal than previous approaches

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  • 45.
    Mack, Leoni
    et al.
    Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
    Attila, Jenni
    Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Helsinki, Finland.
    Aylagas, Eva
    Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
    Beermann, Arne
    Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
    Borja, Angel
    AZTI, Marine Research Division, Pasaia, Spain.
    Hering, Daniel
    Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
    Kahlert, Maria
    Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Leese, Florian
    Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
    Lenz, Robin
    Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Rostock, Germany.
    Lehtiniemi, Maiju
    Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Helsinki, Finland.
    Liess, Antonia
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Innovation and Sustainability, The Rydberg Laboratory for Applied Sciences (RLAS).
    Lips, Urmas
    Department of Marine Systems, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia.
    Mattila, Olli-Pekka
    Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Helsinki, Finland.
    Meissner, Kristian
    Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Helsinki, Finland.
    Pyhälahti, Timo
    Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Helsinki, Finland.
    Setälä, Outi
    Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Helsinki, Finland.
    Strehse, Jennifer S.
    Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, University Medical School Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
    Uusitalo, Laura
    Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Helsinki, Finland.
    Willstrand Wranne, Anna
    Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Birk, Sebastian
    Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
    A Synthesis of Marine Monitoring Methods With the Potential to Enhance the Status Assessment of the Baltic Sea2020In: Frontiers in Marine Science, E-ISSN 2296-7745, Vol. 7, article id 552047Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A multitude of anthropogenic pressures deteriorate the Baltic Sea, resulting in theneed to protect and restore its marine ecosystem. For an efficient conservation,comprehensive monitoring and assessment of all ecosystem elements is of fundamentalimportance. The Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission HELCOMcoordinates conservation measures regulated by several European directives. However,this holistic assessment is hindered by gaps within the current monitoring schemes.Here, twenty-two novel methods with the potential to fill some of these gaps andimprove the monitoring of the Baltic marine environment are examined. We asked keystakeholders to point out methods likely to improve current Baltic Sea monitoring. Wethen described these methods in a comparable way and evaluated them based ontheir costs and applicability potential (i.e., possibility to make them operational). Twelvemethods require low to very low costs, while five require moderate and two high costs.Seventeen methods were rated with a high to very high applicability, whereas fourmethods had moderate and one low applicability for Baltic Sea monitoring. Methodswith both low costs and a high applicability include the Manta Trawl, Rocket, SedimentCorer, Argo Float, Artificial Substrates, Citizen Observation, Earth Observation, theHydroFIARpH system, DNA Metabarcoding and Stable Isotope Analysis. © 2020 Mack, Attila, Aylagas, Beermann, Borja, Hering, Kahlert, Leese, Lenz, Lehtiniemi, Liess, Lips, Mattila, Meissner, Pyhälahti, Setälä, Strehse, Uusitalo, Willstrand Wranne and Birk.

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  • 46.
    Erlingsdóttir, Gudbjörg
    et al.
    Department of Design Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Petersson, Lena
    Department of Design Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Jonnergård, Karin
    Department of Business Administration, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    A Theoretical Twist on the Transparency of Open Notes: Qualitative Analysis of Health Care Professionals’ Free-Text Answers2019In: Journal of Medical Internet Research, E-ISSN 1438-8871, Vol. 21, no 9, article id e14347Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The New Public Management movement strove for transparency so that policy makers and citizens could gain insight into the work and performance of health care. As the use of the electronic health record (EHR) started to diffuse, a foundation was laid for enhanced transparency within and between health care organizations. Now we appear to be experiencing a new kind of transparency in the health care sector. Many health care providers offer their patients online access to their EHRs (here referred to as Open Notes). The Open Notes system enables and strives for transparency between the health care organization and the patient. Hence, this study investigates health care professional (HCP) perceptions of Open Notes and deepens the understanding of the transparency that Open Notes implies.

    Objective: Based on two survey studies of HCP perceptions of Open Notes, this paper aims to deepen the academic writing on the type of transparency that is connected to Open Notes.

    Methods: HCPs in adult psychiatry in Region Skåne, Sweden, were surveyed before and after implementation of Open Notes. The empirical material presented consists of 1554 free-text answers from two Web surveys. A qualitative content analysis was performed.

    Results: The theoretically informed analysis pivots around the following factors connected to transparency: effectiveness; trust; accountability; autonomy and control; confidentiality, privacy, and anonymity; fairness; and legitimacy. The results show that free-text answers can be sorted under these factors as trade-offs with transparency. According to HCPs, trade-offs affect their work, their relationship with patients, and not least, their work tool, the EHR. However, since many HCPs also state that they have not met many patients, and in some cases none, who have read their EHRs, these effects seem to be more connected to the possibility (or threat) of transparency than to the actual effectuated transparency.

    Conclusions: The implementation (or reform) of Open Notes is policy driven while demanding real-time transparency on behalf of citizens/patients and not the authorities, which makes this particular form of transparency quite unique and interesting. We have chosen to call it governed individual real-time transparency. The effects of Open Notes may vary between different medical specialties relative to their sensitivity to both total and real-time transparency. When HCPs react by changing their ways of writing notes, Open Notes can affect the efficiency of the work of HCPs and the service itself in a negative manner. HCP reactions are aimed primarily at protecting patients and their relatives as well as their own relationship with the patients and secondly at protecting themselves. Thus, governed individual real-time transparency that provides full transparency of an actual practice in health care may have the intended positive effects but can also result in negative trade-offs between transparency and efficiency of the actual practice. This may imply that full transparency is not always most desirable but that other options can be considered on a scale between none and full transparency.

    © Gudbjörg Erlingsdóttir, Lena Petersson, Karin Jonnergård. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http://www.jmir.org), 25.09.2019.

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  • 47.
    Andersson, Åsa
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science, The Rydberg Laboratory for Applied Sciences (RLAS). Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Sardar, Samra
    Nordic Bioscience, Copenhagen, Denmark.
    A transcriptional regulator controlling severity in experimental arthritis2019In: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, ISSN 0003-4967, E-ISSN 1468-2060, Vol. 78, no Suppl. 2, p. 667-667, article id FRI0011Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Susceptibility to Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is dependent on complex interactions among genetic and environmental factors. Protein candidates and their role in pathways leading to chronic inflammation of the joints, in addition to their potential as drug targets, can be revealed with the help of experimental models for disease (1). From the results of functional genetic studies, we have recently shown that the T-box gene, TBX3, is a candidate gene in Collagen Induced Arthritis (CIA), an experimental model for RA (2). TBX3 encodes a transcriptional regulator involved in differentiation of several organs, including bone, during embryonic development. It has, in addition, been demonstrated important in oncogenesis (3). Our studies suggest that TBX3 has a role in B-cell activation and is important for the severity of disease in the CIA model (2). Objectives: The objective of this project is to understand the role for the transcriptional regulator TBX3 in development of RA. Methods: Bioinformatics based comparative studies of mouse and human alleles in the regulatory region of TBX3. CRISPR/Cas9-introduced deletions and base modifications in human B-cell lines. Activation of genetically modified B-cells in vitro, followed by analyses of proliferative response and antibody production. Results: Studies of CIA development in mice with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the regulatory region of Tbx3 revealed a significant difference in severity of arthritis. In line with this, the anti-collagen type II antibody titers were shown substantially higher in mice with more severe arthritis, even before onset of disease. In addition, preliminary data shows that the proliferative response to Type II collagen upon re-challenge of lymph node cells in vitro is higher in these mice, suggesting a more active response to the disease-inducing antigen. Because the TBX3 gene is conserved between mouse and human, we are investigating whether similar genetic variations are found in the regulatory region of the human TBX3 gene and whether the putative genetic variation would lead to a distinct B-cell phenotype upon activation in vitro. Conclusion: We suggest that the oncoprotein TBX3 is a novel candidate contributing to disease severity in experimental arthritis. Investigations of genetic variation in the TBX3 gene and its role in the activation of human B-cells will reveal whether this protein is a candidate for influencing also development of RA.

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  • 48.
    Ihlström Eriksson, Carina
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Information Technology, Halmstad Embedded and Intelligent Systems Research (EIS), Man and Information technology laboratory (MI-lab).
    Svensson, Jesper
    Halmstad University, School of Information Technology, Halmstad Embedded and Intelligent Systems Research (EIS), Man and Information technology laboratory (MI-lab).
    A User Centered Innovation Approach Identifying Key User Values for the E-newspaper2009In: International Journal of E-Services and Mobile Applications, ISSN 1941-627X, E-ISSN 1941-6288, Vol. 1, no 3, p. 38-78Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We have studied the pre-adoption phase of the e-newspaper, i.e. a newspaper published with e-paper technology. The research question of this article is: In what way can a user centered innovation process contribute to identifying key values in mobile innovations? The aim of this article is threefold: firstly, to identify key values for the e-newspaper, and secondly, to examine the intention to adopt a new possible innovation and thirdly, to explore user centered design processes ability to capture user values early in the innovation process. We have identified seven key user values: mobility, availability, personalization, usability, interactivity, readability and environment. Furthermore, we found that surprisingly many would consider exchanging their traditional newspaper with an e-newspaper in the future, indicating that the e-newspaper have a fair chance of becoming an important innovation. Finally, we propose a four phase model for identifying user values in a pre-adoption phase of an innovation.

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  • 49.
    Ørstavik, Kristin
    et al.
    Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo.
    Namer, Barbara
    Department of Physiology and Experimental Pathophysiology, University of Erlangen/Nürnberg.
    Schmidt, Roland
    Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Schmelz, Martin
    Department of Anesthesiology Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany,.
    Hilliges, Marita
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science, Biological and Environmental Systems (BLESS).
    Weidner, Christian
    Department of Physiology and Experimental Pathophysiology, University of Erlangen/Nürnberg.
    Carr, Richard W.
    Department of Physiology and Experimental Pathophysiology, University of Erlangen/Nürnberg.
    Handwerker, Hermann
    Department of Physiology and Experimental Pathophysiology, University of Erlangen/Nürnberg.
    Jørum, Ellen
    Laboratory of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet Medical Center, Oslo, Norway.
    Torebjörk, H. Erik
    Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Abnormal Function of C-Fibers in Patients with Diabetic Neuropathy2006In: Journal of Neuroscience, ISSN 0270-6474, E-ISSN 1529-2401, Vol. 26, no 44, p. 11287-11294Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The mechanisms underlying the development of painful and nonpainful neuropathy associated with diabetes mellitus are unclear. We have obtained microneurographic recordings from unmyelinated fibers in eight patients with diabetes mellitus, five with painful neuropathy, and three with neuropathy without pain. All eight patients had large-fiber neuropathy, and seven patients had pathological thermal thresholds in their feet, indicating the involvement of small-caliber nerve fibers. A total of 163 C-fibers were recorded at knee level from the common peroneal nerve in the patients (36–67 years old), and these were compared with 77 C-fibers from healthy controls (41–64 years old). The ratio of mechano-responsive to mechano-insensitive nociceptors was ~2:1 in the healthy controls, whereas in the patients, it was 1:2. In patients, a fairly large percentage of characterized fibers (12.5% in nonpainful and 18.9% in painful neuropathy) resembled mechano-responsive nociceptors that had lost their mechanical and heat responsiveness. Such fibers were rarely encountered in age-matched controls (3.2%). Afferent fibers with spontaneous activity or mechanical sensitization were found in both patient groups. We conclude that small-fiber neuropathy in diabetes affects receptive properties of nociceptors that leads to an impairment of mechano-responsive nociceptors. Copyright © 2006 Society for Neuroscience

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  • 50.
    Ourique de Morais, Wagner
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Information Technology, Halmstad Embedded and Intelligent Systems Research (EIS), Embedded Systems (CERES).
    Lundström, Jens
    Halmstad University, School of Information Technology, Halmstad Embedded and Intelligent Systems Research (EIS), CAISR - Center for Applied Intelligent Systems Research.
    Wickström, Nicholas
    Halmstad University, School of Information Technology, Halmstad Embedded and Intelligent Systems Research (EIS), CAISR - Center for Applied Intelligent Systems Research.
    Active In-Database Processing to Support Ambient Assisted Living Systems2014In: Sensors, E-ISSN 1424-8220, Vol. 14, no 8, p. 14765-14785Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    As an alternative to the existing software architectures that underpin the development of smart homes and ambient assisted living (AAL) systems, this work presents a database-centric architecture that takes advantage of active databases and in-database processing. Current platforms supporting AAL systems use database management systems (DBMSs) exclusively for data storage. Active databases employ database triggers to detect and react to events taking place inside or outside of the database. DBMSs can be extended with stored procedures and functions that enable in-database processing. This means that the data processing is integrated and performed within the DBMS. The feasibility and flexibility of the proposed approach were demonstrated with the implementation of three distinct AAL services. The active database was used to detect bed-exits and to discover common room transitions and deviations during the night. In-database machine learning methods were used to model early night behaviors. Consequently, active in-database processing avoids transferring sensitive data outside the database, and this improves performance, security and privacy. Furthermore, centralizing the computation into the DBMS facilitates code reuse, adaptation and maintenance. These are important system properties that take into account the evolving heterogeneity of users, their needs and the devices that are characteristic of smart homes and AAL systems. Therefore, DBMSs can provide capabilities to address requirements for scalability, security, privacy, dependability and personalization in applications of smart environments in healthcare.

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