Vid sjuksköterskans omvårdnadsarbete ska fokus ligga i den enskilda patientens behov och önskningar och omvårdnaden skall vara individanpassad. Patienten skall vara delaktig och uppleva trygghet och respekt. Vid god omvårdnad måste sjuksköterskan utgå från den unika patientens behov, erfarenheter och upplevelser varpå kunskap om personen i fråga krävs. Dagboksanteckningar kan identifiera tillstånd och känslor hos patienten, vilket kan fångas upp av sjuksköterskan som i sin tur får ökad förståelse för den individuella patientens behov. Syftet med studien var att beskriva dagbokens betydelse ur patientens perspektiv. En litteraturstudie där resultatet baserades på tolv artiklar genomfördes. Resultatet belyser att dagböcker som företeelse kan identifiera känslor och tillstånd hos patienterna vilket kan hjälpa sjuksköterskan till ökad förståelse för den individuella patientens behov. Dagböckerna ökade patienternas medvetenhet om sin sjukdom eller tillstånd, vilket ledde till bättre följsamhet vid egenvård, symtomlindring och ökad delaktighet i vården. Detta kan ses som ett verktyg utifrån vilket sjuksköterskan planerar olika omvårdnadsåtgärder vilket bör uppmärksammas och utvecklas i omvårdnadsutbildningar. Dagbokens användningsområde bör expanderas och kommande forskning bör genomföras i syfte att utveckla dagbokens betydelse som ett effektivt omvårdnadsverktyg i dagliga rutiner.

Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka vilken diskurs som präglar nyhetsartiklar (från Dagens Nyheter och Aftonbladet) som handlar om terrorism och terrorister.

Teori: Studien görs ur ett diskursanalytiskt och semiotiskt perspektiv genom att studera artiklarnas huvudsakliga ämne, den schematiska strukturen samt hur ordföljden och ordvalet ser ut i nyhetstexterna.

Metod: Undersökningen grundar sig dels på en kvantitativ analys där artiklarnas huvudsakliga ämne bestäms, dels på en djupare, kvalitativ analys där nyhetstexterna granskas mer ingående gällande den språkliga formen.

Resultat: Resultaten visar att den språkmässiga skillnaden i rapporteringen om terrorism i artiklarna från de båda tidningarna är marginell. Den största skillnaden ligger dels på det kvantitativa planet gällande de huvudsakliga ämnena, dels på den schematiska uppbyggnaden. Diskursen överlag i artiklarna grundar sig på synsättet att terrorism utgör ett hot mot samhället, vilket i ett längre perspektiv skulle kunna leda till hat och förakt mot Arabvärlden och människor som kommer därifrån.

This paper examines different foreign policies of the Republic of Korea (South Korea) towards the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (North Korea) with regards to a peaceful reunification of the Korean Peninsula. The paper uses the theoretical framework of Social Constructivism to analyze what impact the different foreign policies of South Korea towards North Korea have had on their relations, thus providing an understanding of what impact those foreign policies have had on the peaceful reunification process of the Korean Peninsula. The paper will also look at the First Korean Nuclear Crisis, the Second Korean Nuclear Crisis, the ROKS Cheonan sinking and the shelling of Yeonpyeong, and with the help from the theoretical framework of Social Constructivism, analyze what impact those incidents have had on South Korea’s foreign policy and relations with North Korea, thus providing an understanding what impact those incidents have had on the peaceful reunification process of the Korean Peninsula.

The purpose of this study was to explore and understand how leadership is affected when an organization was undergoing a change to an agile business. The background to the survey is based on the traditional view of leadership as the manager led and distributed work. During the 1950s, changed the perception of management and labor in which employees became more involved in the work process.

Starting from this, our research focused on the effects of leadership that occurs when an organization goes from "command and control" to "empowerment". Hence, we will address the following questions: How has the control (across teams) changed for the line manager in the transition from Classic Waterfall to Agile, How has the change affected the line manager's information retrieval to implement IPM-dialogues and How does the change in style of leadership impact the organization when entering an agile organization.

We have used a qualitative method in which eight semi-structured interviews were conducted with line managers from two departments to collect the empirical material. The results have indicated that the physical location affects both the control and management style of line managers. Leadership style is also influenced largely by the employees' level of maturity and that the organization is in process of a change.

The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between elite junior athlete’s   leadership preferences and their personality. Study participants consisted of 167 elite juniors, aged 16-20 years (M = 17,29). Subjects were both male (116) and female (51), and active in interactive sports. Participants were asked to answer three questionnaires (1) Demographic facts (2) Leadership Scale for Sports (LSS) (3) NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). Subsequent correlation analyses showed significant associations between Extraversion, Democratic behavior and Positive Feedback, and between Neuroticism and social supportive behavior. The results also showed a significant correlation between the personality trait Agreeableness and Autocratic and Social support behavior. One conclusion from the results is that preferred leadership is a function of the athlete’s personality traits. This suggests that leadership in sports should be characterized by flexibility and adaptation to athlete’s individual differences to a greater extend. Examples of practical implications and future research are presented.

Syftet med denna undersökning är att analysera hur regeringens ekonomiska politik formas under ekonomiska kristider. Undersökningen har en idéanalytisk utgångspunkt och använder dels dokument som beskriver de långsiktiga idéer som upprättats av den nuvarande borgerliga regeringen, dels även budgetpropositioner som beskriver den praktiskt utformade ekonomiska politiken från hösten 2006, hösten 2007 och våren 2009. Den praktiska politiken återkopplas till idéerna för att dra slutsatser om huruvida regeringen har en strikt ideologisk eller en pragmatisk syn på ekonomin. Detta sker genom att använda dimensioner skapade utifrån John Maynard Keynes och Friedrich Hayeks ekonomiska teorier, och därigenom observera hur regeringen förhåller sig på dessa dimensionsskalor vid varje tidpunkt relaterat till de långsiktiga idéerna.

Resultatet visar att regeringen till viss del frångår sin ekonomiska idéinriktning på så sätt att man får en större acceptans till Keynes idéer när det ekonomiska klimatet blivit sämre.

The purpose of this study is to, by using qualitative interviews, describe experiences of mediated social interaction on the Internet for clients in drug treatment. We wanted to examine how this affects clients' ability to change their lives, their identity and social relations. We conducted individual interviews with three people who work at a treatment center where clients have free access to the Internet and with one client on the same centre, and group interviews with a total of seven people who had varied experience in drugtreatment.

The results show a general negative view of mediated social interaction during the treatment. The main risk is that clients need to break their connection to “the addiction world” and the Internet complicates this. Contact with friends and acquaintances in “the addiction world” may lead to the client interrupting his or hers treatment. Other risks that our results show is that clients can easily order drugs on the Internet, that you do not focus on the treatment and it makes it more difficult to build an identity and to be part of a community in the sober world.

Processorienterad omvårdnadshandledning i grupp är ett stöd för studenter att utveckla sin förmåga att hantera komplexa vårdsituationer. Reflektionen har en central roll samt handledarens förhållningsätt. Den omvårdnadsteoretiska förankringen beskrivs som betydelsefull, men det finns beskrivningar att alla handledare inte använder omvårdnad som teoretisk grund. Studiens syfte var att beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av verksamma faktorer i processorienterad omvårdnadshandledning i grupp, ett år efter avslutad sjuksköterskeutbildning. Analysen har gjort med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys utifrån intervjuer med 18 sjuksköterskor presenteras i fyra kategorier: Handledarens karaktär, Handledningssessionens struktur, Pedagogiska metoder och Reflekterande kommunikation. Resultatet visar att handledarens personliga egenskaper har stor betydelse likaså vikten av att ha ett uppmuntrande förhållningssätt gentemot deltagarna. handledarens engagemang för att skapa trygghet, detta kan medföra att hanledaren kan bli en god rollmodell. En annan viktig faktor är att handledningssessionerna har en tydlig struktur, detta visar sig betydelsefullt för att skapa trygghet och att bibehålla fokus på problemställningarna. Resultatet beskriver olika pedagogiska strategier, såsom rollspel och att använda gruppen för att stödja lärprocesser.  Ytterligare en viktig faktor är att handledningen utgår från ett omvårdnadsteoretiskt perspektiv, då detta fungerar som en kompass i omvårdnadshandledningen. Vikten av ett omvårdnadsteoretiskt perspektiv beskrivs mer implicit i resultatet. Däremot beskrivs vikten av reflekterad kommunikation mer tydligt i materialet.  Reflekterad kommunikation bidrar till studenternas fördjupade kunskaper kring omvårdnadens praktiska genomförande. Ytterligare forskning bör fokuseras på hur det omvårdnadsteoretiska perspektivet kan belysas som en verksam faktor i omvårdnadshandledning

The aim of this study was to describe nurses' experiences of factors enhancing professional development trough process-oriented group super- vision, one year after completed nursing education. The objective of process-oriented group supervision in nursing care is to support students’ development of their ability to manage complex care situations. The attitude of the supervisor and the students’ willingness to reflect on them- selves have been described as playing key roles in process-oriented group supervision during nursing education. The link to nursing science has also been described as significant by several researchers, but some supervisors are not using nursing science as a foundation in group supervision for nurses. The analysis was completed using a qualitative content analysis method based on interviews with 18 nurses resulting in the general theme “Process oriented pedagogy” which is presented in three categories: Supervisor’s character, Pedagogical strategy and Reflective communication. The findings suggest that the supervisor's personal qualities in combination with an inspiring structure are impor- tant to promote the participants’ reflective communication during the group supervision sessions. Reflective communication supports the students’ development towards a deeper professional knowledge. Further research should focus on the use of nursing science as a foundation in clinical process-oriented group supervision.

The aim of this study was to describe nurses' experiences of factors enhancing professional development trough process-oriented group supervision, one year after completed nursing education. The objective of process-oriented group supervision in nursing care is to support students’ development of their ability to manage complex care situations. The attitude of the supervisor and the students’willingness to reflect on themselves have been described as playing key roles in process-oriented group supervision during nursing education. The link to nursing science has also been described as significant by several researchers, but some supervisors are not using nursing science as a foundation in group supervision for nurses. The analysis was completed using a qualitative content analysis method based on interviews with 18 nurses resulting in the general theme “Process oriented pedagogy” which is presented in three categories: Supervisor’s character, Pedagogical strategy and Reflective communication. The findings suggest that the supervisor's personal qualities in combination with an inspiring structure are important to promote the participants’ reflective ommunication during the group supervision sessions. Reflective communication supports the students’ development towards a deeper professional knowledge. Further research should focus on the use of nursing science as a foundation in clinical process-oriented group supervision.

This study emphasizes the social environment to identical twins identity. How does the identity of two genetically identical individuals who grow up in the same environment develop? The study is based on qualitative interviews with ten identical twins, who also want to give a glimpse of how identical twins experience their relationship with their twin and how they experience they are perceived by the social environment. We have been using various identity theories that emphasize interpersonal and group processes in our theoretical framework, also Cooley's theory of the looking glass self and the social comparison theory presented by Festinger. The result showed how identical twins identity was perceived in relation to its twin, where the social environment had a significant role for identical twins identity but also how comparisons directly affected their self-esteem. We would also note that all identical twins shared the experience of safety and fellowship in relation to its twin.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka sambanden mellan personlighet, psykosociala arbetsmiljöfaktorer och arbetstrivsel i bemanningsbranschen. 88 tjänstemän, anställda som ambulerande konsulter på ett av Sveriges största bemanningsföretag, deltog i undersökningen. Av respondenterna var 76 % kvinnor och 56 % var mellan 25- 35 år. En enkät innehållande 103 frågor som handlade om arbetstillfredsställelse, personlighet och psykosociala arbetsmiljöfaktorer användes i studien. Materialet bearbetades i huvudsak genom korrelations- regressions- och diskriminantanalyser. Studiens resultat visade att respondenterna trivdes med sina arbetsuppgifter i högre grad än sin anställningsform som ambulerande konsulter. Resultatet visade att arbetstrivsel korrelerar negativt med personlighetsdimensionen neuroticism och positivt med extraversion vilket ligger i linje med tidigare forskning. Som unika resultat för denna studie framträder sambanden mellan arbetstrivsel och prestationskrav samt upplevelse av eget resultat. Bemanningsföretagets attraktionskraft är den faktor som framträder som unik påverkansfaktor till arbetstillfredsställelse i den undersökta gruppen.

The purpose of this study is to gain knowledge on how time of unemployment may affect an individual's motivation in the search of a job. The main issue is whether the motivation to find a job differs between short and long term unemployed young people between 18-26 years of age. The motivation has been examined by comparing the short-and long-term unemployed differ in perceived locus of control, self-efficacy, the value of a work, and perceived requirements and actual effort spent. 106 unemployed youths, all registered at the Employment Service, participated in the survey. The results showed no significant differences between short-and long-term unemployed in the motivation to find work. A limitation of the study is that the difference in time between the groups short-and long-term unemployed is small.

The purpose of this study was to exam the possible differences in the experienced self-confidence and motivation among the elite players in bandy and amateur players in bandy. In addition, any differences between boys and girls within the same area to be studied. A total of 112 athletes participated of whom 52 of them classified as elite players and 60 amateur players, with 62 boys and 50 girls. The athletes filled at one point in the questionnaires The Sport Motivation Scale, Harter’s (1980) “competence scale” and The Sport Confidence Inventory. The results demonstrated differences between elite players and amateur players in the variables perceived motivation and perceived self-confidence. The results showed that the amateur players had a higher perceived amotivation than elite players experienced in this study. Furthermore, results showed that elite players feel they have a higher sport-confidence than amateur players had. Furthermore, it shows also the result of a significant difference between boys and girls perceived motivation and sport-confidence in this study. The boys show a higher result in motivation and sport-confidence.

Continuous feedback through reflection can be used as a tool by the department head for leading the development, learning and innovation in nursing work. The aim of the study was to describe the department heads´perceptions of reflection in nursing care by a phenomenographical approach. The analysis of 15 interviews resulted in five description categories of reflection. Knowledge integral reflection captures students´training that can be used in nursing work. Processing creates a continuous thought process in nursing work. Reflection development was reinforced among employees when talking to each orther. Managerial reflection was described as a separate forum in the process manager role. Patient-oriented reflection highlighted the patient´s participation. The conclusion was that department heads used reflection on different levels and in different contexts. Reflection proved important in nursing care. Study findings may help to increase knowledge in order to develop leadership whick leads to beter quality of care and patient safety. Continued research should focus on intervention studies with an emphasis on reflection.