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  • 151.
    Ejnarsson, Marcus
    et al.
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för Informationsvetenskap, Data– och Elektroteknik (IDE), Halmstad Embedded and Intelligent Systems Research (EIS), Intelligenta system (IS-lab).
    Verikas, Antanas
    Department of Applied Electronics, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-51368 Kaunas, Lithuania.
    Nilsson, Carl Magnus
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för Informationsvetenskap, Data– och Elektroteknik (IDE), Halmstad Embedded and Intelligent Systems Research (EIS), Intelligenta system (IS-lab).
    Multi-resolution screening of paper formation variations on production line2009Ingår i: Expert systems with applications, ISSN 0957-4174, E-ISSN 1873-6793, Vol. 36, nr 2, part 2, s. 3144-3152Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper is concerned with a technique for detecting and monitoring abnormal paper formation variations in machine direction online in various frequency regions. A paper web is illuminated by two red diode lasers and the reflected light recorded as two time series of high resolution measurements constitute the input signal to the papermaking process monitoring system. The time series are divided into blocks and each block is analyzed separately. The task is treated as kernel based novelty detection applied to a multi-resolution time series representation obtained from the band-pass filtering of the Fourier power spectrum of the time series block. The frequency content of each frequency region is characterized by a feature vector, which is transformed using the kernel canonical correlation analysis and then categorized into the inlier or outlier class by the novelty detector. The ratio of outlying data points, significantly exceeding the predetermined value, indicates abnormalities in the paper formation. The experimental investigations performed have shown good repetitiveness and stability of the paper formation abnormalities detection results. The tools developed are used for online paper formation monitoring in a paper mill.

  • 152.
    Eklund Ortenlöf, Caroline
    et al.
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd.
    Al-Shafie, Bilal
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd.
    Faktorer som påverkar beslutet att söka vård bland personer med PTSD: En litteraturstudie2023Självständigt arbete på grundnivå (kandidatexamen), 10 poäng / 15 hpStudentuppsats (Examensarbete)
    Abstract [sv]

    Bakgrund: Allt fler människor utsätts och upplever traumatiska händelser i livet. I samband med detta ökar risken att fler drabbas av Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Att lida av symtom från PTSD kan ge flertalet psykiska och fysiska problem, vilket gör det betydelsefullt för dessa personer att uppsöka vård. Syfte: Belysa de faktorer som påverkat beslutet att söka vård bland personer med PTSD. Metod: En allmän litteraturstudie genomfördes med sökningar i två databaser där tio vetenskapliga artiklar som överensstämde med syftet inkluderades till resultatet. Resultat: I resultatet framkom det att personer med PTSD upplevt en stor mängd faktorer som påverkat beslutet att söka vård. De fyra kategorier som framkom var: tillgänglighet till vården, tidigare vårderfarenheter och möjlighet till delaktighet, stigma samt kunskap och förståelse. Konklusion: Sammanfattningsvis framställdes främst tillgänglighet till vård och stigma som faktorer som påverkat personer med PTSD till att söka vård eller inte. Vikten av ökad kunskap om sjukdomen samt individuellt anpassad vård identifierades som positiva faktorer som påverkat beslutet att söka vård för PTSD. Resultatet ger värdefull information till sjuksköterskor och blivande sjuksköterskor för att öka förståelsen kring vårdbehov hos personer med PTSD. Mer forskning och förbättrat arbete i ämnet behövs för att öka kunskapen och tillgängligheten till vård för PTSD samt minska stigmat kring att söka hjälp.

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  • 153.
    Ekman, Anna
    et al.
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd.
    Kange, Moa
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd.
    ”Vi måste säga att det är fara för hennes liv för hon kommer ju aldrig få någon vård”: En kvalitativ studie om anhörigas upplevelser av delaktighet i vården för närstående personer med diagnosen schizofreni eller schizoaffektivt syndrom2021Självständigt arbete på grundnivå (kandidatexamen), 10 poäng / 15 hpStudentuppsats (Examensarbete)
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med denna C-uppsats var att belysa hur anhöriga upplever sin roll i kontakten med psykiatrin till en närstående med diagnosen schizofreni eller schizoaffektivt syndrom. Det undersöks vilka erfarenheter anhöriga har angående att delta i processen kring vårdinsatser för en närstående. Vi hoppas att studien kan bidra till ytterligare sociologisk kunskap inom ämnesområdet för att lyfta anhörigas situation och känsla av utanförskap i relation till vården. Uppsatsen bygger på en kvalitativ intervjustudie där åtta personer har intervjuats över telefon och över Zoom. Genom fem artiklar och en historisk tillbakablick över hur psykiatrin i Sverige har utvecklats så får läsaren en djupare förståelse för hur anhörigas roll relaterat till psykiatrin har utvecklats och ser ut idag. Resultatet redovisas genom att presentera tre teman: Anhörigas kontakt med vårdpersonal, Nutid och Framtid samt Förbättringar gällande anhörigas delaktighet. Vid varje tema sammanfattas intervjusvaren där skillnader och likheter framställs och jämförs med varandra. Det teoretiska ramverket grundar sig på Melvin Seemans alienationsteori samt Birgitta Andersheds teori om delaktighet och används i analysen för att besvara frågeställningarna. Resultatet av den sociologiska analysen visar att anhörigas delaktighet i den närståendes vård förebygger anhörigas upplevelser av maktlöshet, meningslöshet och social isolering i sin vardag och i sin relation till vården. Delaktigheten bidrar även till att anhöriga mår bättre psykiskt och att närstående kan få vård i ett tidigare skede.

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  • 154.
    Ekmekci, Mehtap
    et al.
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS).
    Franck, Thomas
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS).
    Utmattat trött: Upplevelsen av multipel skleros-relaterad fatigue och dess påverkan på dagligt liv2010Självständigt arbete på grundnivå (kandidatexamen), 10 poäng / 15 hpStudentuppsats (Examensarbete)
    Abstract [sv]

    Fatigue är ett vanligt förekommande symtom vid multipel skleros (MS). Denna ihållande och svåra trötthet beskrivs ofta som det svåraste MS-relaterade symtomet att hantera. Symtomet har en negativ påverkan på individens funktionella status samt på livskvaliteten. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa upplevelserna av MS-relaterad fatigue samt hur symtomet påverkar det dagliga livet. Som metod användes en systematisk genomgång av tidigare forskning med en induktiv ansats. Forskning visar att fatigue upplevs som en oavbruten förlamande effekt som uppfattas skilja sig mycket från tidigare upplevd trötthet. Fatigue påverkar hela kroppen och leder till att kroppen blir svårare att styra och hantera. Den begränsade förmågan att utföra önskade aktiviteter påverkar individernas liv negativt. Individer med MS blir tvungna att reglera och planera sitt dagliga liv för att undvika och minska graden av fatigue. En bibehållen självkänsla samt en positiv attityd och en acceptans för sjukdomen och symtomet upplevs minska graden av fatigue. Kommande forskning bör fokusera på individanpassade metoder eller strategier som upplevs minska graden av fatigue.

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  • 155.
    Eliasson, Mona
    et al.
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS).
    Karlsson, Erika
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS).
    Mannens ensak eller bådas angelägenhet: Prostatacancers påverkan på den heterosexuella relationen2009Självständigt arbete på grundnivå (högskoleexamen), 10 poäng / 15 hpStudentuppsats (Examensarbete)
    Abstract [sv]

    När en man diagnostiseras med prostatacancer innebär det en psykisk påfrestning för mannen och hans kvinnliga partner. Reaktioner som chock, meningsförlust, ensamhet och ångest är vanligt förekommande. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva hur det vardagliga livet upplevs och påverkas hos par där mannen lever med diagnostiserad prostatacancer. Resultaten i studien baseras på tio vetenskapliga artiklar med fokus på parens erfarenheter av sjukdomen. Impotens, inkontinens och fatigue var symtom som drabbade mannen till följd av sjukdomen. Dessa förändringar inverkade på parets vardag och relation. Förändringarna var psykiskt påfrestande för parets hälsa och både mannens och kvinnans livskvalitet försämrades på grund av cancersjukdomen. Psykiska problem som depression, oro, ångest och skuld var dock mer förekommande hos kvinnan. Trots att paren var i stort behov av information upplevde de att hälso- och sjukvården inte uppmärksammade deras behov. Tydligare riktlinjer inom sjukvården för hur par som lever med prostatacancer ska bemötas efterlyses. På så sätt kan sjuksköterskan lättare tillgodose parets behov av information och stöd. Sjuksköterskan bör uppmärksamma och bemöta kvinnans individuella önskemål samt visa en öppenhet gentemot de sexuella problem som kan drabba paren. Mer forskning, speciellt i Skandinavien, efterlyses för att få en klarare bild över hur både en homosexuellt och heterosexuell relation påverkas av prostatacancer.  

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  • 156.
    Elsborg, Peter
    et al.
    Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark; Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
    Appleton, Paul
    Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom; University Institute of Sport, Manchester, United Kingdom.
    Wikman, Johan
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd.
    Nielsen, Glen
    University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
    The associations between motivational climate, basic psychological needs and dropout in volleyball – A comparison across competitive levels2023Ingår i: European Journal of Sport Science, ISSN 1746-1391, E-ISSN 1536-7290, Vol. 23, nr 3, s. 393-403Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this study was to investigate the importance of motivational climate for the satisfaction of psychological needs and dropout in recreational, intermediate and elite volleyball. Seven thousand nine hundred thirty six volleyball players from all 321 volleyball clubs across Denmark were invited to participate in the study. Three thousand three thirty answered the questionnaire and 2150 were included in the analysis. Dropout from Volleyball was measured as the proportion of players that had stopped playing volleyball over the last year. The coach-created motivational climate was measured using the Motivational Climate Scale for Youth Sports. The satisfaction of players’ psychological needs was measured using an adapted version of the basic psychological needs in exercise scale. The psychometric scales were validated and showed good model fit. For volleyball players of all levels, the degree of mastery climate predicted the satisfaction of the players’ basic psychological needs satisfaction during volleyball which was, in turn, associated with lower dropout rates. Performance climate had a weak negative association with the satisfaction of psychological needs on the intermediate level only. When adjusting the models for the negative association between performance climate and mastery climate this negative association became nonsignificant and a weak positive association to needs satisfaction emerged for players at the elite level. Findings confirm that the coach-created mastery climate in volleyball teams is important for the satisfaction of players’ basic psychological needs and continuation within the sport across the recreational, intermediate and elite levels. Highlights Coach-created mastery climate in volleyball teams was positively associated with the satisfaction of the players’ basic psychological and negatively associated with dropout. These associations between coach created climate, need satisfaction and dropout were similar across different sporting levels. Performance orientation had little influence and seemed mainly problematic if it was at the expense of mastery climate. © 2022 European College of Sport Science.

  • 157.
    Emanuelsson, Felicia
    et al.
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd.
    Alm Audemard, Johanna
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd.
    Musikterapi vid postoperativ smärta: – En litteraturstudie2023Självständigt arbete på grundnivå (kandidatexamen), 10 poäng / 15 hpStudentuppsats (Examensarbete)
    Abstract [sv]

    Bakgrund: Vid ett kirurgiskt ingrepp uppstår smärta till följd av en vävnadsskada. Smärta är en subjektiv upplevelse där sjuksköterskan har ett stort ansvar i patientens smärtbehandling. Den postoperativa smärtbehandlingen består av både farmakologisk och komplementär behandling, där den multimodala smärtlindringen med fördel används för dess goda effekterna på både individ och samhällsnivå. Musik är en del av den komplementära smärtbehandlingen och ses skapa en positiv postoperativ vårdmiljö. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa musikens effekt på postoperativ smärta. Metod: Studien var en allmän litteraturstudie och innefattade 14 vetenskapliga artiklar av kvantitativ metod. Resultat: Resultatet presenterades i fyra kategorier: musikens effekt beroende på kirurgiskt ingrepp, musikens effekt beroende på typ av musik, musikens effekt beroende på interventionens tidpunkt och musikens effekt beroende på interventionens duration. Musikintervention som tillämpades pre-, intra- eller postoperativt eller i kombination gav en signifikant minskad smärtintensitet för flera olika typer av kirurgiska ingrepp. Enbart preoperativ interventionstillämning gav ingen signifikant smärtreducering. Konklusion: Musik är en biverkningsfri och kostnadseffektiv smärtlindringsmetod som minskar patienters smärta och som reducerar behovet av farmakologisk smärtlindring.

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  • 158.
    Emilson, Christina
    et al.
    Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Demmelmaier, Ingrid
    Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Bergman, Stefan
    Research and Development Center Spenshult, Halmstad, Sweden & Department of Public Health, and Community medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Lindberg, Per
    Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Denison, Eva
    School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden.
    Åsenlöf, Pernilla
    Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    A 10-year follow-up of tailored behavioural treatment and exercise-based physiotherapy for persistent musculoskeletal pain2017Ingår i: Clinical Rehabilitation, ISSN 0269-2155, E-ISSN 1477-0873, Vol. 31, nr 2, s. 186-196Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: To study the long-term outcomes of two interventions targeting patients with sub-acute and persistent pain in a primary care physiotherapy setting.

    DESIGN: A 10-year follow-up of a two-armed randomised controlled trial, initially including 97 participants.

    INTERVENTIONS: Tailored behavioural medicine treatment, applied in a physiotherapy context (experimental condition), and exercise-based physiotherapy (control condition).

    MAIN MEASURES: Pain-related disability was the primary outcome. The maximum pain intensity, pain control, fear of movement, sickness-related absence (register data) and perceived benefit and confidence in coping with future pain problems were the secondary outcomes.

    RESULTS: Forty-three (44%) participants responded to the follow-up survey, 20 in the tailored behavioural medicine treatment group and 23 in the exercise-based physiotherapy group. The groups did not differ in terms of the change in the scores for the primary outcome (p=0.17) of pain-related disability between the experimental group (median: 2.5, Q1-Q3: -2.5-14.25), and the control group (median: 0, Q1-Q3: -5-6). Further, there were also no significant differences found for the secondary outcomes except for sickness-related absence, where the exercise-based physiotherapy group had more days of sickness-related absence three months before treatment (p= 0.02), and at the 10-year follow-up (p=0.03).

    DISCUSSION: The beneficial effects favouring tailored behavioural medicine treatment that observed post-treatment and at the two-year follow-up were not maintained 10 years after treatment. 

    © The Author(s) 2016

  • 159.
    Engström, B.L.
    et al.
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS).
    Fridlund, Bengt
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS).
    Women's views of counselling received in connection with breast-feeding after reduction mammoplasty2000Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Nursing, ISSN 0309-2402, E-ISSN 1365-2648, Vol. 32, nr 5, s. 1143-1151Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study was to generate a theoretical model of the experiences of women, who had undergone reduction mammoplasty, of counselling received in connection with breast-feeding. Data were collected through interviews with 12 breast-reduced women who had given birth to a child, and the material was analysed by means of the grounded theory method. Written permission to post notices at the child welfare centres had been obtained from the primary care managers. The women themselves applied for participation in the study. The results showed that their need for counselling from somebody who listened attentively to them and gave advice in connection with breast-feeding, was considerable. The women could have a feeling of self-reliance, ambivalence, acceptance or guilt, depending on the extent to which they perceived to have received counselling from their family members. At the same time, their experiences of the encounter with the nursing staff were of crucial importance. Lack of active listening and counselling from the nursing staff can be counterbalanced by support from relatives. However, when such support is not forthcoming, the nursing staff must be able to support the women in their role of a mother, which requires that education and supervision are given to the staff. The findings of the study can be used as a basis for further research into the need for support of the families concerned.

  • 160.
    Eriksson, Amanda
    et al.
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för informationsteknologi.
    Blücher, Daniel
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för informationsteknologi.
    Intelligenta beslutstöd och psykisk ohälsa: En kvalitativ studie om etiska utmaningar med Artificiell Intelligens som beslutstöd inom sjukvården för psykisk ohälsa2022Självständigt arbete på grundnivå (kandidatexamen), 10 poäng / 15 hpStudentuppsats (Examensarbete)
    Abstract [sv]

    Sjukvården visar intresse för användning av Artificiell Intelligens (AI) och inom behandling för psykisk ohälsa finns behov för stöd. Intelligenta beslutsstöd kan bidra till minskad belastning för vårdpersonal och bättre behandling för patienter, men sjukvårdens känsliga natur och de konsekvenser som kan uppstå vid försummelse medför etiska utmaningar. Behandling av psykisk ohälsa är komplext och behöver utforskas för att identifiera de potentiella etiska utmaningar som kan uppstå. Genom en kvalitativ intervjustudie med åtta deltagare har området utforskats både bland AI-forskare och vårdpersonal, där insikter från båda kontexter har analyserats för att identifiera och utforska återkommande etiska utmaningar. Genom insamlad empiri och litteraturstudie har fem etiska utmaningar identifierats och utforskats: hantera felaktiga rekommendationer, hantera moraliska dilemman, uppnå patientautonomi, ansvarsdilemmat, och skapa förtroende. 

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  • 161.
    Eriksson, Linn
    et al.
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS), Centrum för forskning om välfärd, hälsa och idrott (CVHI).
    Marklund, Bertil
    Primary Health Care Research and Development, Council Halland, Falkenberg, Sweden.
    Baigi, Amir
    Primary Health Care Research and Development, Council Halland, Falkenberg, Sweden.
    Lindgren, Eva-Carin
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS), Centrum för forskning om välfärd, hälsa och idrott (CVHI).
    On the concept of orthorexia nervosa: a rebuttal: Letter to the Editor2008Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, ISSN 0905-7188, E-ISSN 1600-0838, Vol. 18, nr 3, s. 397-397Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
  • 162.
    Etminani, Farzaneh
    et al.
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för informationsteknologi. Department of Research and Development (FoU), Region Halland, Halmstad, Sweden.
    Sandgren, Emma
    Hallands Sjukhus Varberg, Varberg, Sweden.
    Holm, Johan
    Pfizer Ab, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Magnusson, Peter
    Bristol Myers Squibb AB, Solna, Sweden.
    Modica, Angelo
    Pfizer Ab, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Moberg, Karin
    Shaarpec By Hallandia V, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Davidsson, Thomas
    SHAARPEC by Hallandia V, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Stalpe, Linda
    Bristol Myers Squibb AB, Solna, Sweden.
    Kiflemariam, Sara
    Bristol Myers Squibb AB, Solna, Sweden.
    Younan, Ninia
    Hallands Sjukhus Varberg, Varberg, Sweden.
    Parikh, Purvee
    Philips, San Diego, California, USA.
    Wadhwa, Manish
    Philips, San Diego, California, USA.
    Sundin, Anna
    Bristol Myers Squibb AB, Solna, Sweden.
    Engdahl, Johan
    Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Randomised, siteless study to compare systematic atrial fibrillation screening using enrichment by a risk prediction model with standard care in a Swedish population aged ≥ 65 years: CONSIDERING-AF study design2024Ingår i: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 14, nr 1, artikel-id e080639Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    INTRODUCTION: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia and confers an increased risk of mortality, stroke, heart failure and cognitive decline. There is growing interest in AF screening; however, the most suitable population and device for AF detection remains to be elucidated. Here, we present the design of the CONSIDERING-AF (deteCtiON and Stroke preventIon by moDEl scRreenING for Atrial Fibrillation) study. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: CONSIDERING-AF is a randomised, controlled, siteless, non-blinded diagnostic superiority trial with four parallel groups and a primary endpoint of identifying AF during a 6-month study period set in Region Halland, Sweden. In each group, 740 individuals aged≥65 years will be included. The primary objective is to compare the intervention of AF screening enrichment using a risk prediction model (RPM), followed by 14 days of a continuous ECG patch, with no intervention (standard care). Primary outcome is defined as the incident AF recorded in the Region Halland Information Database after 6 months as compared with standard care. Secondary endpoints include the difference in incident AF between groups enriched or not by the RPM, with and without an invitation to 14 days of continuous ECG recording, and the proportions of oral anticoagulation treatment in the four groups. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study has ethical approval from the Swedish Ethical Review Authority. Results will be published in peer-reviewed international journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT05838781. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

  • 163.
    Etminani, Kobra
    et al.
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för informationsteknologi.
    Soliman, Amira
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för informationsteknologi.
    Byttner, Stefan
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för informationsteknologi.
    Miguel, Ochoa-Figueroa
    Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden .
    A 3D deep learning model to predict the diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies, Alzheimer’s disease, and mild cognitive impairment using brain 18F-FDG PET2022Ingår i: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, ISSN 1619-7070, E-ISSN 1619-7089, Vol. 49, nr 2, s. 563-584Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop and validate a 3D deep learning model that predicts the final clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease (MCI-AD), and cognitively normal (CN) using fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET (18F-FDG PET) and compare model's performance to that of multiple expert nuclear medicine physicians' readers.

    Materials and methods: Retrospective 18F-FDG PET scans for AD, MCI-AD, and CN were collected from Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative (556 patients from 2005 to 2020), and CN and DLB cases were from European DLB Consortium (201 patients from 2005 to 2018). The introduced 3D convolutional neural network was trained using 90% of the data and externally tested using 10% as well as comparison to human readers on the same independent test set. The model's performance was analyzed with sensitivity, specificity, precision, F1 score, receiver operating characteristic (ROC). The regional metabolic changes driving classification were visualized using uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) and network attention.

    Results: The proposed model achieved area under the ROC curve of 96.2% (95% confidence interval: 90.6-100) on predicting the final diagnosis of DLB in the independent test set, 96.4% (92.7-100) in AD, 71.4% (51.6-91.2) in MCI-AD, and 94.7% (90-99.5) in CN, which in ROC space outperformed human readers performance. The network attention depicted the posterior cingulate cortex is important for each neurodegenerative disease, and the UMAP visualization of the extracted features by the proposed model demonstrates the reality of development of the given disorders.

    Conclusion: Using only 18F-FDG PET of the brain, a 3D deep learning model could predict the final diagnosis of the most common neurodegenerative disorders which achieved a competitive performance compared to the human readers as well as their consensus. © 2021. The Author(s).

  • 164.
    Fagerström, Helena
    et al.
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS).
    Magnusson, Mattias
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS).
    Förebyggande av smärta vid propofolinjektion: Jämförelse mellan lidokain och remifentanil2009Självständigt arbete på grundnivå (kandidatexamen), 10 poäng / 15 hpStudentuppsats (Examensarbete)
    Abstract [en]

    Propofol is an intravenously administered, hypnotic and short- acting pharmaceutical. One common sideeffect (>1:10) and therefore a disadvantage with propofol is the local pain that arise when the initial injection is given. Why the pain arise is not clearly understood. A majority of different pharmacological treatments, different doses and combinations, alternative administrations methods and physical interventions have been tried to reduce the pain when injection of propofol is given. One important task for the nurse is to relieve pain for patients. It is important for all patients to be painless and not experience discomfort caused by procedure in health care. The purpose of this study was to examine if administration of lidocaine and/ or remifentanil could in connection with injection of propofol reduce pain incidence and intensity at the injection. A literature study based on twenty-eight scientific articles was conducted. The result shows that a combination of lidocaine andremifentanil give the best pain relief. Howewer there is no difference in propofolinduced injection pain when lidocaine or remifentanil alone is compared. Other factors that could affect injection pain are use of a tourniquet which enhances the pain reduction, but the time that the tourniquet is applied is not decisive. The placement of the iv-catheter should be in the largest vein possible. By using this knowledge the incidence and intensity of pain could be reduced with drugs commonly used in Swedish aneasthetic care. Thereby patients' suffering could also be reduced.

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  • 165.
    Fang, Qinghua
    et al.
    Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
    Chen, Peiya
    First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
    Du, Ningchao
    Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
    Nandakumar, Kutty Selva
    Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Analysis of Data From Breast Diseases Treated With 5-Alpha Reductase Inhibitors for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia2019Ingår i: Clinical Breast Cancer, ISSN 1526-8209, E-ISSN 1938-0666, Vol. 19, nr 5, s. e624-e636Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (5ARIs) decrease the androgen levels in vivo and are currently used for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in men. However, these inhibitors can also increase the risk of gynecomastia, breast tenderness, and breast cancer. Hence, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the rate of breast-related diseases in men treated with 5ARIs.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and CNKI databases were searched for randomized controlled trials using 5ARIs in patients with BPH. Data were analyzed by using Cochrane Collaboration review manager program and Stata 12.0 software.

    RESULTS: In total, 14 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Gynecomastia was significantly more common with 5ARIs treatment when compared with placebo (3.30% vs. 1.84%; P < .00001) or alpha blockers (ABs) monotherapy (2.33% vs. 1.00%; P = .0009). Both dutasteride (2.03% vs. 0.90%; P < .00001) and finasteride (4.08% vs. 2.43%; P < .00001) are associated with significantly higher risk of gynecomastia than placebo. Risk for breast tenderness was elevated in 5ARIs users (0.83% vs. 0.25%; P = .01) or in users having combination therapy with ABs (2.48% vs. 0.58%; P < .0001). Finasteride is associated with significantly higher risk of breast tenderness than placebo (0.80% vs. 0.25%; P = .02).

    CONCLUSION: In male patients with BPH, 5ARIs have significantly increased the risk of gynecomastia and breast tenderness but may be not to the breast cancer. In addition, combination therapy is significantly associated with higher risk of breast tenderness compared to single ABs monotherapy. © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  • 166.
    Faraj, Maycel Isaac
    et al.
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för informationsteknologi, Halmstad Embedded and Intelligent Systems Research (EIS).
    Bigun, Josef
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för informationsteknologi, Halmstad Embedded and Intelligent Systems Research (EIS).
    Lip Motion Features for Biometric Person Recognition2009Ingår i: Visual Speech Recognition: Lip Segmentation and Mapping / [ed] Alan Wee-Chung Liew & Shilin Wang, Hershey, PA: Medical Information Science Reference , 2009, s. 495-532Kapitel i bok, del av antologi (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [en]

    The present chapter reports on the use of lip motion as a stand alone biometric modality as well as a modality integrated with audio speech for identity recognition using digit recognition as a support. First, the auhtors estimate motion vectors from images of lip movements. The motion is modeled as the distribution of apparent line velocities in the movement of brightness patterns in an image. Then, they construct compact lip-motion features from the regional statistics of the local velocities. These can be used as alone or merged with audio features to recognize identity or the uttered digit. The author’s present person recognition results using the XM2VTS database representing the video and audio data of 295 people. Furthermore, we present results on digit recognition when it is used in a text prompted mode to verify the liveness of the user. Such user challenges have the intention to reduce replay attack risks of the audio system. © 2009, IGI Global.

  • 167.
    Ferrari, Gabriele
    et al.
    Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro, Sweden; Blekinge Hospital, Karlskrona, Sweden.
    Geijer, Håkan
    Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro, Sweden.
    Cao, Yang
    Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro, Sweden.
    Graf, Ulf
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd.
    Bojö, Leif
    Karlstad Hospital, Karlstad, Sweden.
    Carlsson, Roland
    Karlstad Hospital, Karlstad, Sweden.
    Souza, Domingos
    Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro, Sweden.
    Samano, Ninos
    Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro, Sweden.
    Long-term results of percutaneous coronary intervention in no-touch vein grafts are significantly better than in conventional vein grafts2024Ingår i: Perfusion, ISSN 0267-6591, E-ISSN 1477-111XArtikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: Conventional vein grafts have a high risk of thrombosis and early atherosclerosis. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in conventional vein grafts is associated with a higher incidence of late adverse cardiac events. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term results after PCI in saphenous vein grafts (SVG) harvested with the no-touch technique compared to the conventional technique. Methods: This was a single-center, retrospective, cohort study, based on data from the Swedeheart register. The inclusion criterion was individuals who underwent CABG using different vein graft techniques between January 1992 and July 2020, and who required a PCI in SVGs between January 2006 and July 2020. The primary end point was long-term in-stent restenosis. The secondary endpoints were long-term major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and 1-year re-hospitalization rates. The associations between the graft types and the endpoints were evaluated using the Fine and Gray competing-risk regression analysis. Results: The study included 346 individuals (67 no-touch, 279 conventional). The mean clinical follow-up time was 6.4 years with a standard deviation of 3.7 years. The long-term in-stent restenosis rate for the no-touch grafts was 3.2% compared to 18.7% for the conventional grafts (p <.01), with a subdistribution hazard ratio (SHR) of 0.16 (p =.010). The long-term MACE rate was 27.0% in the no-touch group and 48.3% in the conventional group (p <.01) with a SHR of 0.53 (p =.017). The short-term results were similar in both groups. Conclusions: Percutaneous coronary intervention in a no-touch vein graft was associated with statistically significantly fewer in-stent restenoses and MACE at long-term follow-up compared to a conventional SVG. © The Author(s) 2024.

  • 168.
    Fhager, Andreas
    et al.
    Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Electromagnetics, Göteborg, Sweden.
    Hashemzadeh, Parham
    Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Electromagnetics, Göteborg, Sweden.
    Bååth, Lars B.
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för ekonomi och teknik (SET), Maskinteknisk produktframtagning (MTEK).
    Persson, Mikael
    Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Electromagnetics, Göteborg, Sweden.
    Microwave Imaging for Mammography using an Iterative Time-Domain Reconstruction Algorithm; Initial Experiments2005Ingår i: Proceedings of the 16th International Zurich Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility; Topical Meetings, Zürich: Laboratory for Electromagnetic Fields and Microwave Electronics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology , 2005, s. 65-70Konferensbidrag (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [en]

    Using the microwave imaging technique for mammographic imaging is an interesting application and a growing research field. Compared to X-ray mammography there is potentially a significant benefit in using microwaves in the diagnosis of breast cancer tumours due to the high contrast in the dielectric properties between tumour and surrounding tissue.In this paper a tomographic microwave imaging ex- periment using transient time domain field data for the reconstruction process. A 2D iterative gradient based al- gorithm based on the FDTD-method (Finite Difference Time Domain-method), is used for the image reconstruction. The reconstructions have been performed using air as the background medium. To simulate more tissue like conditions the antennas have also been immersed in water and different objects immersed in the water have been imaged. Two different antenna models in the computations have also been tested. The results are promising and encourages further research on this method

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  • 169.
    Flemme, Inger
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd, Centrum för forskning om välfärd, hälsa och idrott (CVHI).
    Health-related quality of life in recipients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator due to life-threatening arrhythmias: a 5 year follow-up2004Licentiatavhandling, sammanläggning (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [en]

    The general aim of this thesis was to describe self-reported health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in recipients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) due to life-threatening arrhythmias over a S-year period. The design was prospective and longitudinal. Fifty-six patients participated in Paper I, and 35 of these patients, who had survived at least five years, were included in Paper II. All patients had received their ICD as a form of secondary prevention. The Quality of Life Index-Cardiac version (QLI-C), Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale-Community version (MUIS-C), and multiple regression analysis were used. Higher scores indicate higher HRQoL and uncertainty. The questionnaires were completed on four occasions: before implantation, at three months and at 1 year and 5 years after implantation. ICD recipients were also asked how many shocks they had perceived. At the S-year data collection, the  average ICD recipient had lived with an ICD for 6 years and 9 months. In general, HRQoL was lower at year 1 than at baseline (p : 0.033). A decrease in the socioeconomic domain was observed at year 1 (p : 0.006) but improved again at year 5 (p : 0.027) although it remained below the baseline value, ICD recipients' satisfaction with the family domain decreased from the time of the ICD implantation (p < 0.001) and from year I (p : 0.039) to year 5 after implantation. Uncertainty related to information had  decreased at year 1 in relation to baseline (p < 0.001). A decrease in overall uncertainty was observed at year 5 in relation to year 1 (p : 0.009) as well as at year 5 in relation to baseline (p : 0.009). The longer the ICD recipient had lived with the device, the greatil the risk of receiving a shock. However, ICD recipients who  received shocks reported being less troubled by them over time. Uncertainty was identified as a predictor of low HRQoL. The recipients reported a higher level of HRQoL at year 5 than at year 1. HRQoL was reasonably good 5 years after implantation, and the ICD recipients felt more secure and perceived their ICD as a lifesaver.

  • 170.
    Flemme, Inger
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS), Centrum för forskning om välfärd, hälsa och idrott (CVHI).
    Living with life-saving technology: Long-term follow up of recipients with implantable cardioverter defibrillator2009Doktorsavhandling, sammanläggning (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [en]

    The evidence that treatment of life-threatening arrhythmia (LTA) with an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) can prolong life is convincing. Living with a lifelong heart disease will gradually influence the everyday life and encompasses some or all aspects of life. In order to influence health outcomes, the impact of the ICD must be considered in a broader context including not only the physical, but also the psychological and social functioning of the individual.

    The general aim of this thesis was to describe everyday life in recipients living with an ICD in a longterm perspective. The aim in Paper I was to describe changes in the life situation of recipients’ with an ICD over a period of 1 year. The aim in Paper II was to describe quality of life (QOL) and uncertainty in recipients who have an ICD and to predict QOL at long-term follow-up. Fifty-six recipients participated (I) and 35 of these recipients, who had survived at least five years, were further included (II). The Quality of Life Index-Cardiac version (I, II), Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale-Community version (I, II), Patient ICD Questionnaire (I) and multiple regression analysis (II) were used. Higher scores indicate higher QOL and uncertainty. The questionnaires were completed before implantation, three and twelve months after implantation (I) and also five years after implantation i.e. long-term follow up (II). At the long-term follow up, the average ICD recipient had lived with an ICD for six years and nine months (6.9 years). The results showed the overall QOL and QOL in the health/functioning domain were unchanged over time. QOL in the socio-economic (p= .002) and psychological/spiritual domains (p= .012) decreased in the first year. From baseline to long-term follow up, the QOL in the family domain (p= .011) and overall uncertainty (p= .002) decreased. Uncertainty related to the information decreased at year 1 in relation to baseline (p= .001).

    The aim in Paper III was to illuminate the main concern of recipients living with an ICD and how they handle this in their daily life. Sixteen recipients who had lived with an ICD between six to twenty-four months were interviewed. Data was collected and analysed in a simultaneous process according to guidelines for classical grounded theory. In the analysis, a substantive theory was generated explaining the main concern of ICD recipients and how they handle this in their daily life. The core category, labelled “Striving to resume command”, illuminates the main concern of ICD recipients. To manage this main concern, the recipients used the following strategies: Economizing resources, Distracting oneself, Submitting to one’s fate and Re-evaluating life.

    The aim in Paper IV was to explore relationships between OQL, coping strategies, anxiety, depression and perceived control in recipients living with an ICD and to compare those having received an ICD less or more than one year ago and those with a primary or secondary preventive indication. A cross-sectional, correlational, multicenter design was used, and 147 recipients who had lived with an ICD between six to twenty-four months completed Quality of Life Index-Cardiac version, Jalowiec Coping Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Control Attitude Scale. The results showed that anxiety, depression and perceived control were predictors of QOL. Anxiety was also a predictor of coping with optimistic coping being the most used coping strategy. There was no relationship between QOL and coping. No differences were found in QOL, coping, anxiety, depression and perceived control between recipients implanted either on a primary or secondary preventive indication or having the device less or more than one year.

    In this thesis, it was concluded that the ICD recipients strived to resume command over their life (III) and the more control the recipients perceived the more satisfied they were with their QOL (IV) and the more symptoms of anxiety, depression and uncertainty they experienced the less satisfied they were with their QOL (II, IV). Coping strategies were used more frequently by ICD recipient perceiving more anxiety (IV). QOL was fairly good 6,9 years after implantation and ICD recipients felt less uncertain once they had passed the first year of their illness.

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  • 171.
    Flemme, Inger
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS), Centrum för forskning om välfärd, hälsa och idrott (CVHI).
    Trygghet/säkerhet och livskvalité hos individer med ICD (implanterad hjärtdefibrillator) fem år efter implantationen2007Ingår i: Socialmedicinsk Tidskrift, ISSN 0037-833X, Vol. 84, nr 3, s. 230-238Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [sv]

    Hjärt-kärlsjukdomar (Holmberg, M, Holmberg, S coh Herlitz 1999) är den främsta orsaken till död i västvärlden. I Europa orsakas 40 % av alla dödsfall av hjärt-kärlsjukdomar. En hjärt- kärlsjukdom kan leda till livshotande rytmrubbningar (arytmier) som i sin tur kan leda till plötslig hjärtdöd. Implanterad hjärtdefibrillator (implantable cardioverter defibrillator, ICD) (Socialstyrelsen 2004) har utvecklats för att behandla livshotande arytmier. Att leva med en ICD (Luderitz et al. 1994) kan upplevas på olika sätt. En del individer lever ett normalt liv, ICD besvärar dem inte och de ser den som en livräddare. Andra förändras i sin personlighet efter implantationen (Charmaz 1987, Sauve 1995) och ICD utgör ett hinder för ett normalt liv. En individs livskvalité (Eckert och Jones 2002) påverkas inte bara av sjukdomen utan också av anpassningen till en förändrad livssituation som ett resultat av ICD. Studiernas syfte var att beskriva otrygghet/osäkerhet och livskvalité hos individer som har levt med ICD i minst fem år. Trettiofem ICD-bärare från sydvästra Sverige studerades under en 5-årsperiod med avseende på otrygghet/osäkerhet och livskvalité. Resultaten visar att otryggheten/osäkerheten var som högst ett år efter implantationen. Den totala livskvaliten och livskvaliten inom det socioekonomiska livsområdet var lägst ett år efter implantationen för att därefter åter öka fram till år fem efter implantationen. Livskvaliten inom familjelivet skattades högst från början, i förhållande till de andra livsområdena, men minskade sedan åter. Den skattades efter fem år fortfarande högt. Slutsatsen av studien är att ICD-bärare efter 5 år hade en rimligt god livskvalité med undantag från det första året. De kände sig tryggare/mindre osäkra med tiden och upplevde ICD som en livräddare

  • 172.
    Flemme, Inger
    et al.
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS), Centrum för forskning om välfärd, hälsa och idrott (CVHI).
    Edvardsson, Nils
    Division of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital.
    Hinic, Hansi
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS), Centrum för forskning om välfärd, hälsa och idrott (CVHI).
    Jinhage, Britt-Marie
    Division of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital.
    Dalman, Margareta
    Division of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital.
    Fridlund, Bengt
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS), Centrum för forskning om välfärd, hälsa och idrott (CVHI).
    Long-term quality of life and uncertainty in patients living with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator2005Ingår i: Heart & Lung, ISSN 0147-9563, E-ISSN 1527-3288, Vol. 34, nr 6, s. 386-392Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: This study describes the quality of life (QOL) and uncertainty in patients who have an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) and predicts QOL at long-term follow-up.

    Methods: Long-term follow-up was defined as 6.9 years ± 1 year (range 4.11–8.7 years). QOL was measured with the Quality of Life Index, and uncertainty was measured with the Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale.

    Results: The overall QOL and health/functioning were unchanged over time. QOL in the socioeconomic (P = .002) and psychologic/spiritual domains (P = .012) decreased in the first year. From baseline to long-term follow-up, the QOL in the family domain (P = .011) and uncertainty (P = .002) decreased. Uncertainty was a predictor of low QOL.

    Conclusion: QOL was reasonably good 6.9 years post-ICD implantation. Patients felt less uncertain once they had passed the first year of their illness.

  • 173.
    Flemme, Inger
    et al.
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS), Centrum för forskning om välfärd, hälsa och idrott (CVHI).
    Fridlund, Bengt
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS), Centrum för forskning om välfärd, hälsa och idrott (CVHI).
    Strömberg, Anna
    Hälsouniversitetet, Linköping.
    Living with life-saving technology: long-term follow-up of recipients with implantable cardioverter defibrillator2010Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The evidence that treatment of life-threatening arrhythmia (LTA) with an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) can prolong life is convincing. Living with a lifelong heart disease will gradually influence the everyday life and encompasses some or all aspects of life. In order to influence health outcomes, the impact of the ICD must be considered in a broader context including not only the physical, but also the psychological and social functioning of the individual.The general aim of this thesis was to describe everyday life in recipients living with an ICD in a longterm perspective. The aim in Paper I was to describe changes in the life situation of recipients’ with an ICD over a period of 1 year. The aim in Paper II was to describe quality of life (QOL) and uncertainty in recipients who have an ICD and to predict QOL at long-term follow-up. Fifty-six recipients participated (I) and 35 of these recipients, who had survived at least five years, were further included (II). The Quality of Life Index-Cardiac version (I, II), Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale-Community version (I, II), Patient ICD Questionnaire (I) and multiple regression analysis (II) were used. Higher scores indicate higher QOL and uncertainty. The questionnaires were completed before implantation, three and twelve months after implantation (I) and also five years after implantation i.e. long-term follow up (II). At the long-term follow up, the average ICD recipient had lived with an ICD for six years and nine months (6.9 years). The results showed the overall QOL and QOL in the health/functioning domain were unchanged over time. QOL in the socio-economic (p= .002) and psychological/spiritual domains (p= .012) decreased in the first year. From baseline to long-term follow up, the QOL in the family domain (p= .011) and overall uncertainty (p= .002) decreased. Uncertainty related to the information decreased at year 1 in relation to baseline (p= .001).The aim in Paper III was to illuminate the main concern of recipients living with an ICD and how they handle this in their daily life. Sixteen recipients who had lived with an ICD between six to twenty-four months were interviewed. Data was collected and analysed in a simultaneous process according to guidelines for classical grounded theory. In the analysis, a substantive theory was generated explaining the main concern of ICD recipients and how they handle this in their daily life. The core category, labelled “Striving to resume command”, illuminates the main concern of ICD recipients. To manage this main concern, the recipients used the following strategies: Economizing resources, Distracting oneself, Submitting to one’s fate and Re-evaluating life.The aim in Paper IV was to explore relationships between OQL, coping strategies, anxiety, depression and perceived control in recipients living with an ICD and to compare those having received an ICD less or more than one year ago and those with a primary or secondary preventive indication. A cross-sectional, correlational, multicenter design was used, and 147 recipients who had lived with an ICD between six to twenty-four months completed Quality of Life Index-Cardiac version, Jalowiec Coping Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Control Attitude Scale. The results showed that anxiety, depression and perceived control were predictors of QOL. Anxiety was also a predictor of coping with optimistic coping being the most used coping strategy. There was no relationship between QOL and coping. No differences were found in QOL, coping, anxiety, depression and perceived control between recipients implanted either on a primary or secondary preventive indication or having the device less or more than one year.In this thesis, it was concluded that the ICD recipients strived to resume command over their life (III) and the more control the recipients perceived the more satisfied they were with their QOL (IV) and the more symptoms of anxiety, depression and uncertainty they experienced the less satisfied they were with their QOL (II, IV). Coping strategies were used more frequently by ICD recipient perceiving more anxiety (IV). QOL was fairly good 6,9 years after implantation and ICD recipients felt less uncertain once they had passed the first year of their illness.

  • 174.
    Flemme, Inger
    et al.
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS), Centrum för forskning om välfärd, hälsa och idrott (CVHI), Gruppen för forskning om hälsofrämjande och Livsstilsförändrande arbete.
    Hallberg, Ulrika
    Nordiska hälsohögskolan, Göteborg.
    Johansson, Ingela
    Hälsouniversitetet, Linköping.
    Strömberg, Anna
    Hälsouniversitetet, Linköping.
    Uncertainty is a major concern for patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators2011Ingår i: Heart & Lung, ISSN 0147-9563, E-ISSN 1527-3288, Vol. 40, nr 5, s. 420-428Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: The study objective was to explore the main concern of individuals living with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) and how they handle this in daily life. For improved management and follow-up, it is important to understand how the ICD affects the recipient's daily life. METHODS: A grounded theory method was used. Sixteen Swedish recipients (9 men) living with an ICD for 6 to 24 months were interviewed. RESULTS: The core category labeled, "Incorporating uncertainty in daily life," illuminates the main concern. To handle uncertainty, recipients used the following strategies: restricting activities, distracting oneself, accepting being an ICD recipient, and reevaluating life. CONCLUSION: Recipients were not paralyzed by uncertainty. Instead, they incorporated uncertainty in life by using strategies to handle their daily life. Questions, comments, and plans for supportive communication were provided, which can be used by healthcare professionals in cardiac rehabilitation.

  • 175.
    Flemme, Inger
    et al.
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS), Centrum för forskning om välfärd, hälsa och idrott (CVHI).
    Hallberg, Ulrika
    Nordiska hälsohögskolan, Göteborg.
    Strömberg, Anna
    Hälsouniversitetet, Linköping.
    Striving to resume command of one’s life: Voices from individuals living with an ICD2008Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study was to gain a deeper understanding for the main concern of indivi­duals living with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) and what they did to hand­le it. The study group consisted of 16 patients, who had experienced a cardiac arrest or life-threatening arrhythmias, with a mean age of 56 years. In-depth interviews, con­duc­ted 6-24 months after ICD implant, were analysed using the grounded theory method. Four emergent categories were labelled economizing resources, distracting oneself, sub­mitting to one’s fate and re­valuing life. The core category, striving to resume command of one’s life, describes the uncertain process of living with discomfort of not knowing. The participants economized with their limited resources by restricting and planning every day and distracted themselves by divert attention away from the problems at hand and en­gaged physically or mentally in something else. They felt omitted when they could not in­fluence their situation and what happened to them. They had no or little control over the disease and the device and must accept physical and social changes. As time had passed, they were grateful for having survived, felt secure and accepted the ICD treatment. How­ever, a subgroup that had experienced complications as ICD shocks had hard to accept the changed life situation.

  • 176.
    Flemme, Inger
    et al.
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd, Centrum för forskning om välfärd, hälsa och idrott (CVHI).
    Hinic, Hansi
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd, Centrum för forskning om välfärd, hälsa och idrott (CVHI).
    Dalman, Margareta
    Kardiologkliniken, Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset, Göteborg, Sverige.
    Jinhage, Britt-Marie
    Kardiologkliniken, Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset, Göteborg, Sverige.
    Fridlund, Bengt
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd, Centrum för forskning om välfärd, hälsa och idrott (CVHI).
    Edvardsson, Nils
    Kardiologkliniken, Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset, Göteborg, Sverige.
    Livskvalitet och upplevda chocker under ICD-behandling: en 5-års uppföljning2004Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [sv]

    ICD–behandling ökar överlevnaden hos patienter (pat), som har överlevt en malign ventrikulär tachyarytmi. Pats livskvalitet (QoL) har angivits variera betydande och långtidseffekterna är ännu mindre väl kända. Vi följde ett antal konsekutiva pat under minst 5 år med avseende på livskvaliteten.

    Metod.   Pat undersöktes med MUIS-C (Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale – community version) och QLI-CV (Quality of Life Index – cardiac version) och multipel regressionsanalys användes hos 35 patienter. Formulären fylldes i vid tre tillfällen: före implantationen, efter 1 och 5 år. Pats egen uppfattning om antalet upplevda chocker oavsett anledning noterades.

    Patienter. Ur en grupp pat, som tidigare undersöktes efter 1 år, hade 39 pat överlevt med sin ICD i minst 5 år. Av dessa avböjde tre deltagande i uppföljningen utan orsak och en pga cancer. Alla pat hade fått sin ICD på indikationen sekundär prevention.  

    Resultat.  Under det första året rapporterade 13 pat totalt 79 chocker och 22 pat ingen chock. Tio pat hade ingen chock vare sig efter 1 eller 5 år, och deras QoL var likvärdig med dem som hade haft ≤5 chocker. Tre pat rapporterade ≥6 chocker och hade sänkt QoL. Mellan år 1 och 5 rapporterade 20 pat 94 shocker och 15 pat ingen shock. Det var ingen skillnad mellan pat med eller utan chocker i deras QoL år 5 vs. år 1. Pat med chocker blev mindre besvärade med tiden.

    QoL var generellt sänkt år 1 vs baseline. En försämring i den socio-ekonomiska domänen sågs år 1 men var förbättrad år 5. En försämring i familjedomänen var oförändrad vid 1 och 5 år vs. baseline. En förbättring av otrygghet noterades vid 5 år vs år 1.

    Konklusioner. Pat med ICD mådde bättre år 5 än år 1 efter implantationen.  Livskvaliteten var rimligt god 5 år efter implantationen och pat kände sig mer trygga och upplevde sin ICD som en livräddare. Pat med många chocker under det första året mådde sämre än övriga. Under resten av observationsperioden var chocktätheten lägre, möjligen delvis pga farmakologisk behandling, och pat upplevde mindre besvär av chockerna. 

  • 177.
    Flemme, Inger
    et al.
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS), Centrum för forskning om välfärd, hälsa och idrott (CVHI).
    Johansson, Ingela
    Hälsouniversitetet, Linköpings universitet, Division of Nursing Science, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Department of Cardiology UHL, County Council of Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden and Molde University College, Faculty of Health Sciences, Molde, Norway.
    Strömberg, Anna
    Hälsouniversitetet, Linköpings universitet, Division of Nursing Science, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University and Department of Cardiology UHL, County Council of Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden.
    Living with life-saving technology: coping strategies in implantable cardioverter defibrillators recipients2011Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing, ISSN 0962-1067, E-ISSN 1365-2702, Vol. 21, nr 3-4, s. 311-321Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims. To describe coping strategies and coping effectiveness in recipients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator and to explore factors influencing coping.

    Background. Implantable cardioverter defibrillators are documented as saving lives and are used to treat ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. Despite the implantable cardioverter defibrillator not evidently interfering with everyday life, there is conflicting evidence regarding the psychosocial impact of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation such as anxiety, depression, perceived control and quality of life and how these concerns may relate to coping.

    Design. Cross-sectional multicentre design.

    Methods. Individuals (n = 147, mean age 63 years, 121 men) who had lived with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator between 6-24 months completed the Jalowiec Coping Scale-60, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Control Attitude Scale and Quality of Life Index-Cardiac version.

    Results. Implantable cardioverter defibrillators recipients seldom used coping strategies, and the coping strategies used were perceived as fairly helpful. Optimism was found to be the most frequently used (1·8 SD 0·68) and most effective (2·1 SD 0·48) coping strategy, and recipients perceived moderate control in life. Anxiety (β = 3·5, p ≤ 0·001) and gender (β = 12·3, p = 0·046) accounted for 26% of the variance in the total use of coping strategies, suggesting that the more symptoms of anxiety and being women the greater use of coping strategies.

    Conclusions. Most recipients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator did not appraise daily concerns as stressors in need of coping and seem to have made a successful transition in getting on with their lives 6-24 months after implantation.

    Relevance to clinical practice. Nurses working with recipients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator should have a supportive communication so that positive outcomes such as decreased anxiety and increased perceived control and quality of life can be obtained. Through screening for anxiety at follow-up in the outpatient clinic, these recipients perceiving mental strain in their daily life can be identified.

  • 178.
    Flemme, Inger
    et al.
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS), Centrum för forskning om välfärd, hälsa och idrott (CVHI).
    Johansson, Ingela
    Hälsouniversitetet, Linköping.
    Strömberg, Anna
    Hälsouniversitetet, Linköping.
    Quality of life and coping strategies in recipients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator2010Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives:

    To explore relationships between quality of life (QOL), coping strategies, anxiety, depression and perceived control in recipients living with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) and compare those having received an ICD less or more than one year ago and those with a primary or secondary preventive indication.

    Methods:

    A cross-sectional, correlational design was used and 147 individuals (mean age 63 years, 121 men) who had lived with an ICD between 6 to 24 months completed Quality of Life Index-Cardiac version, Jalowiec Coping Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Control Attitude Scale.

    Results: 

    A regression analysis showed that anxiety and depression were negatively correlated (ß=.16, p=0.025, ß=.30, p=0.012) respectively and perceived control was positively correlated (ß= .26, p=0.001) with overall QOL in ICD recipient 6-24 months after implant. A second regression analysis showed significant relationships between the dependent variable overall use of coping strategies and the anxiety (R2 adj = 0.213, F (4.132) = 10.186, p=0.001). More anxiety was correlated (β = 3.27, p=0.001) with increased use of coping strategies. Anxiety was quite common up to 2 years after ICD implant. Optimism was found to be the most frequently used coping strategy, but the recipients did not use a multitude of coping strategies. There was no relationship found between QOL and the use of different coping strategies. Time since implantation or the indication for receiving an ICD did not influence QOL, the use of coping strategies, symptoms of anxiety and depression or perceived control.

    Conclusions:

    Despite being a cost-effective, reliable and efficient implanted device for reducing the incidence of sudden cardiac death, the ICD can be associated with notable consequences in everyday life for the recipient. We suggest that follow-up with education and psychosocial support should be provided more intensively during the first six months after implantation and thereafter be tailored toward those recipients experiencing symptoms of depression and anxiety, a lower perceived control in life and a diminished QOL. By using screening tools to assess perceived control, anxiety and depression during follow up after implantation in the outpatient ICD clinic, recipients perceiving low control and mental strain in their everyday life can be identified and supportive interventions considered in order to increase their QOL. Coping strategies should be further explored in research and clinical practice in order to support ICD recipient to use the appropriate coping strategies.

  • 179.
    Folke, Solgun
    et al.
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS), Centrum för forskning om välfärd, hälsa och idrott (CVHI).
    Fridlund, Bengt
    School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Växjö University, Växjö, Sweden.
    Paulsson, Gun
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS), Centrum för forskning om välfärd, hälsa och idrott (CVHI).
    Views of xerostomia among health care professionals: a qualitative study2009Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing, ISSN 0962-1067, E-ISSN 1365-2702, Vol. 18, nr 6, s. 791-798Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    AIM:

    To explore and describe views of xerostomia among health care professionals.

    BACKGROUND:

    Xerostomia (dry mouth) is caused by changes in quality and quantity of saliva due to poor health, certain drugs and radiation therapy. It is a common symptom, particularly among older people and has devastating consequences with regard to oral health and general well-being.

    METHODS:

    Data were obtained and categorised by interviewing 16 health care professionals. Qualitative content analysis was chosen as the method of analysis.

    DESIGN: Qualitative.

    RESULTS:

    The latent content was formulated into a theme: xerostomia is a well-known problem, yet there is inadequate management of patients with xerostomia. The findings identified three categories expressing the manifest content: awareness of xerostomia, indifferent attitude and insufficient support.

    CONCLUSIONS:

    Although xerostomia was recognised as commonly occurring, it was considered to be an underestimated and an ignored problem. Proper attention to conditions of xerostomia and subsequent patient management were viewed as fragmentary and inadequate. Additional qualitative studies among patients with xerostomia would be desirable to gain further understanding of the problems with xerostomia, its professional recognition and management.

    RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE:

    A holistic view, positive professional attitudes and enhanced knowledge of xerostomia seem essential to augment collaboration among health care professionals and to improve compassion for and support of patients with xerostomia.

  • 180.
    Folkhammar Andersson, Siv
    et al.
    Unit of Rehabilitation, Kalmar County Council, Samrehab, Oskarshamn, Sweden.
    Bergman, Stefan
    The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Lund University, Lund, Sweden & FoU Spenshult, Halmstad, Sweden.
    Bremander, Ann
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, Bio- och miljösystemforskning (BLESS), Biomekanik och biomedicin. Lund University, Lund, Sweden & FoU Spenshult, Halmstad, Sweden.
    Arthritis Management in Primary Care and Adherence to National Guidelines – a Swedish Survey Based on the Canadian Physiotherapists Arthritis Care Questionnaire2015Ingår i: Arthritis & Rheumatology, ISSN 2326-5191, E-ISSN 2326-5205, Vol. 67, nr Suppl. S10, artikel-id 2385Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Background/Purpose:

    For patients with osteoarthritis (OA) physical therapy is recommended first line treatment and performed in primary care while patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may be treated in primary care at disease onset and during stable phases of the disease. This requires updated skills and evidence based knowledge of the physical therapists (PTs) in arthritis treatment. The aim of this study was to explore physical therapy arthritis practice in primary care and to study the application of evidence based care given to patients with OA or RA.

    Methods:

    All PTs working in primary care in one health care region in Sweden (n=70) were e-mailed a questionnaire (the Canadian Physiotherapists Arthritis Care Survey1) to assess the frequency of current practice, feeling of confidence, educational needs and adherence to national guidelines in managing patients with OA or RA.  The questionnaire was translated and culturally adapted into Swedish according to international recommendations. Interventions supported by national guidelines were compared with reports of treatment modalities in the questionnaire. Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-square test or Fishers Exact test, were used where appropriate, to analyze differences between groups (PT management of patients with OA vs. RA).

    Results:

    Sixty-four PTs responded (91%), reporting a higher feeling of confidence in assessment, treatment and education for patients with OA than for RA (p<0.001). The total numbers of roles assumed by the PTs were higher in management of OA compared to RA (p<0.001). PTs who assumed a large numbers of roles also reported a higher feeling of confident in assessing OA (p=0.036). PTs who assumed a lower numbers of roles also reported a lower feeling of confidence in RA treatment (p=0.045). The recommendations in the guidelines were reported to be followed by almost all PTs in managing patients with RA and for eight out of eleven treatment modalities for patients with OA. Most PTs did provide joint mobilization and education of proper footwear for patients with OA even though Swedish national guidelines did not recommend this as treatment until further research has proven its effectiveness.

    Conclusion:

    PTs reported a lower feeling of confidence and to have assumed a lower numbers of roles in managing patients with RA than OA. There was a good adherence to the national guidelines for almost all listed treatment modalities. However, experienced evidence care and national guidelines did not totally agree. The results indicate a need for education in arthritis care, especially in RA.

    References:

    Li CL, Hurkmans EJ, Sayre EC, Vliet Vlieland TPM (2010). Continuing professional development is associated with increasing physical therapists´ roles in arthritis management in Canada and the Netherlands. Physical Therapy 90:629-42.

  • 181.
    Fors, Uno
    et al.
    Department of Computer and Systems Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Forsberg, Elenita
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd, Centrum för forskning om välfärd, hälsa och idrott (CVHI).
    Gunning, William
    Department of Pathology, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA.
    Can virtual patients be used to assess clinical reasoning? The effect of different grading metrics2012Ingår i: 15th Ottawa Conference, Abstracts, Ottawa: AMEE , 2012, s. 166-166Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    Virtual patients (VPs) can be used to assess clinical reasoning. Grading metrics applied to VP exams may include scoring for appropriate differential diagnoses, proposed therapy, and the learner’s approach to the case. The learner’s inquiry of medical history, physical exam, and lab/ancillary tests utilized during the exam can all be graded.  However, the best grading metric used to assess clinical reasoning for VP examination is unresolved. 

    Summary of Work

    Results from two groups of students assessed by VP-based examination (n>300) were used as a basis to evaluate different grading metrics. These grading models were also compared with results of other traditional student examination performance. 

    Summary of Results

    Each method of grading had both pronounced advantages and disadvantages with none considered ideal. However one grading metric was perceived to perform slightly better. None of the scoring methods had a direct correlation with four traditional exam formats to which they were compared. 

    Conclusions

    Each grading metric used in this study had advantages and disadvantages. Medical school exams employing VP-based exams need to define what should be assessed for reliable utilization.

    Take-home Messages

    Objectives of VP-based examination are essential to measure learner competency in an appropriate context. Traditional exams do not necessarily measure the same aptitude that VP-based exams measure.

  • 182.
    Forster, M.
    et al.
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Raposo, B.
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Ekman, D.
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Klaczkowska, D.
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Popovic, M.
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Nandakumar, Kutty Selva
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Lindvall, T.
    Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Hultqvist, M.
    Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Teneva, I.
    Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Johannesson, M.
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Ahlqvist, E.
    Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Holmdahl, R.
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Genetic control of antibody production during collagen-induced arthritis development in heterogeneous stock mice2012Ingår i: Arthritis and Rheumatism, ISSN 0004-3591, E-ISSN 1529-0131, Vol. 64, nr 11, s. 3594-3603Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: To identify genetic factors driving pathogenic autoantibody formation in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), in order to better understand the etiology of RA and identify possible new avenues for therapeutic intervention. METHODS: We performed a genome-wide analysis of quantitative trait loci controlling autoantibody to type II collagen (anti-CII), anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA), and rheumatoid factor (RF). To identify loci controlling autoantibody production, we induced CIA in a heterogeneous stock-derived mouse cohort, with contribution of 8 inbred mouse strains backcrossed to C57BL/10.Q. Serum samples were collected from 1,640 mice before arthritis onset and at the peak of the disease. Antibody concentrations were measured by standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and linkage analysis was performed using a linear regression-based method. RESULTS: We identified loci controlling formation of anti-CII of different IgG isotypes (IgG1, IgG3), antibodies to major CII epitopes (C1, J1, U1), antibodies to a citrullinated CII peptide (citC1), and RF. The anti-CII, ACPA, and RF responses were all found to be controlled by distinct genes, one of the most important loci being the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus. CONCLUSION: This comprehensive genetic analysis of autoantibody formation in CIA demonstrates an association not only of anti-CII, but interestingly also of ACPA and RF, with arthritis development in mice. These results underscore the importance of non-major histocompatibility complex genes in controlling the formation of clinically relevant autoantibodies.

  • 183.
    Frandsen, Björn
    et al.
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, Bio- och miljösystemforskning (BLESS).
    Olsson, M Charlotte
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, Bio- och miljösystemforskning (BLESS), Biomekanik och biomedicin.
    Hip and Trunk Muscle Electromyography Differences Between Bilateral and Unilateral Bodyweight Resistance Exercises2015Konferensbidrag (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction

    In sports, force production and movement are predominantly generated in a unilateral weight-bearing stance. Therefore, unilateral resistance training may possibly elicit more sport-specific strength gains compared to traditional bilateral strength training. Hip- and trunk- muscles stabilize the pelvis and trunk to maintain proper technique and posture in resistance training and are thought to play a central role in sports performance as well as injury prevention. Hip- and trunk- muscle activity increases as the body weight balance change from a bilateral to a unilateral stance. Little research has examined the magnitude of change in muscle activation differences between bilateral and unilateral stance in lower body exercises.

    Aim

    The aim of this study was to examine the electromyographic (EMG) activity in hip and trunk muscles in three bodyweight exercises performed in a bilateral and a unilateral stance.

    Methods

    14 healthy, young adults participated in a single session, single-group, observational study. Manual muscle testing was used to attain a maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) value for gluteus medius, gluteus maximus, rectus abdominis, and erector spinae. EMG measurements (4 channel ME6000, MegaWin Software, Kuopio, Finland) were taken during performance of squat, bridge, and plank exercises in both a bilateral and a unilateral stance.

    Results

    In all three exercises, EMG activity (presented as magnitude of change) was greater in the unilateral stance compared to the bilateral stance (p< 0.05), for the muscles gluteus medius (squat 478%, bridge 204%, plank 285%) and gluteus maximus (squat 371%, bridge 172%, plank 233%). In addition, in plank, EMG activity was greater in unilateral stance compared to the bilateral stance (p< 0.05) in rectus abdominis (120%) and erector spinae (127%). In the squat and bridge, no differences were identified in EMG activity for rectus abdominis and erector spinae between the bilateral and the unilateral stance.

    Discussion

    Nearly all unilateral exercises activated the hip muscles (gluteus medius, gluteus maximus) more than double compared to the same exercises performed bilaterally. In particular, gluteal muscle activity during the unilateral squat was more than 3.5 fold greater as compared to the bilateral stance. This greater magnitude of change in the unilateral squat might be explained by the single contact point with the ground in the squat, whereas the bridge and plank exercises include more ground contact points even in their unilateral stance. A unilateral training program including squat exercises might be beneficial for developing hip strength which is of great importance in sports performance.

  • 184.
    Fridlund, Bengt
    et al.
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS), Centrum för forskning om välfärd, hälsa och idrott (CVHI).
    Hildebrandt, Linda
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS), Centrum för forskning om välfärd, hälsa och idrott (CVHI).
    Hildingh, Cathrine
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS), Centrum för forskning om välfärd, hälsa och idrott (CVHI).
    Lidell, Evy
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS), Centrum för forskning om välfärd, hälsa och idrott (CVHI).
    Status and trends in Swedish dissertations in the area of cardiovascular nursing2007Ingår i: European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, ISSN 1474-5151, E-ISSN 1873-1953, Vol. 6, nr 1, s. 72-76Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    In Europe, cardiovascular nursing (CVN) is a young branch of nursing science. The explicit knowledge contained in CVN dissertations has, so far, not been studied in Europe, and this is especially true in the case of Sweden. Accordingly, the aim of this literature study was to describe the status of and compare trends in Swedish dissertations in the area of CVN in terms of organisational structure, approach, research strategy, social orientation and socio-demographic aspects. The literature search resulted in 29 dissertations and a 26-item questionnaire that illuminated the problem areas. Most dissertations were produced in the universities of Göteborg, Halmstad and Linköping; a minority had a nurse as main supervisor; rehabilitation was the most common CVN approach; very few of the dissertations had an experimental design; and the majority was hospital-based. The main trends were (A) an increase in dissertations that were written during the last 6 years, (B) an increased number of nurses as main supervisors as well as publication in nursing journals, (C) an increase in hospital care settings while a decrease in community settings, and finally, (D) an increased number of dissertations addressing the issues of tertiary prevention as well as focusing on patients and next-of-kin as target groups. An important implication is to stimulate nurse-led interventions at all preventative levels in order to maintain or improve the cardiac health of both healthy and sick individuals, but also in order to visualize CVN and distinguish it from cardiology.

  • 185.
    Fridlund, Bengt
    et al.
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS).
    Lindgren, Eva-Carin
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS), Centrum för forskning om välfärd, hälsa och idrott (CVHI).
    Ivarsson, A.
    Sahlgrenska universitetssjukhuset, Göteborg.
    Jinhage, B.-M.
    Sahlgrenska universitetssjukhuset, Göteborg.
    Bolse, Kärstin
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS), Centrum för forskning om välfärd, hälsa och idrott (CVHI).
    Flemme, Inger
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS), Centrum för forskning om välfärd, hälsa och idrott (CVHI).
    Sandstedt, B.
    Sahlgrenska universitetssjukhuset, Göteborg.
    Mårtensson, J.
    Göteborgs Universitet.
    Patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators and their conceptions of the life situation: a qualitative analysis2000Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing, ISSN 0962-1067, E-ISSN 1365-2702, Vol. 9, nr 1, s. 37-45Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) is today widely used for the treatment of sudden cardiac near-death episodes as a result of malignant ventricular dysrhythmia.After examining the literature, only four descriptive studies, all carried out in the USA, with a qualitative analysis based on ICD-patients' own perspectives on their life situation have been found.The aim of this study was to describe how patients living with an ICD-device in south-western Sweden conceive their life situation.As the focus was on patients' conceptions seen from a holistic perspective, an analysis inspired by phenomenography was employed on a strategic sample of 15 ICD-patients.Six categories emerged: a feeling of safety, a feeling of gratitude, a feeling of being, having a network, having a belief in the future, and gaining awareness.Although the findings cannot be generalized because of the descriptive research design, they illuminate the beneficial as well as intrusive effects of such a device, and emphasize the need for support groups for patients and families as well as further education for personnel in hospital and primary health care.

  • 186.
    Garthwaite, Taru
    et al.
    Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
    Sjöros, Tanja
    Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
    Koivumäki, Mikko
    Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
    Laine, Saara
    Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
    Vähä-Ypyä, Henri
    UKK Institute Finland, Tampere, Finland.
    Saarenhovi, Maria
    Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
    Kallio, Petri
    Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
    Löyttyniemi, Eliisa
    University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
    Sievänen, Harri
    UKK Institute Finland, Tampere, Finland.
    Houttu, Noora
    University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
    Laitinen, Kirsi
    University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
    Kalliokoski, Kari
    Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
    Vasankari, Tommi
    UKK Institute Finland, Tampere, Finland; Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
    Knuuti, Juhani
    Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
    Heinonen, Ilkka
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för företagande, innovation och hållbarhet, Rydberglaboratoriet för tillämpad naturvetenskap (RLAS). Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
    Standing is associated with insulin sensitivity in adults with metabolic syndrome2021Ingår i: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, ISSN 1440-2440, E-ISSN 1878-1861, Vol. 24, nr 12, s. 1255-1260Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: To determine how components of accelerometer-measured sedentary behavior (SB) and physical activity (PA), and fitness are associated with insulin sensitivity in adults with metabolic syndrome. Design: Cross-sectional. Methods: Target population was middle-aged (40–65 years) sedentary adults with metabolic syndrome. SB, breaks in SB, standing, and PA were measured for four weeks with hip-worn accelerometers. VO2max (ml/min/kg) was measured with maximal cycle ergometry. Insulin sensitivity was determined by hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp (M-value) and fasting blood sampling (HOMA-IR, insulin). Multivariable regression was used for analyses. Results: Sixty-four participants (37 women; 58.3 [SD 6.8] years) were included. Participants spent 10.0 (1.0) h sedentary, 1.8 (0.6) h standing, and 2.7 (0.6) h in PA and took 5149 (1825) steps and 29 (8) breaks daily. In sex-, age- and accelerometer wear time-adjusted model SB, standing, steps and VO2max were associated with M-value (β = −0.384; β = 0.400; β = 0.350; β = 0.609, respectively), HOMA-IR (β = 0.420; β = −0.548; β = −0.252; β = −0.449), and insulin (β = 0.433; β = −0.541; β = −0.252; β = −0.453); all p-values < 0.05. Breaks associated only with M-value (β = 0.277). When further adjusted for body fat %, only standing remained significantly associated with HOMA-IR (β = −0.381) and insulin (β = −0.366); significance was maintained even when further adjusted for SB, PA and fitness. Light and moderate-to-vigorous PA were not associated with insulin sensitivity. Conclusions: Standing is associated with insulin sensitivity markers. The association with HOMA-IR and insulin is independent of adiposity, PA, SB and fitness. Further studies are warranted, but these findings encourage replacing sitting with standing for potential improvements in insulin sensitivity in adults at increased type 2 diabetes risk. © 2021 The Authors.

  • 187.
    Garthwaite, Taru
    et al.
    Turku PET Centre, Turku, Finland; University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
    Sjöros, Tanja
    Turku PET Centre, Turku, Finland; University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
    Laine, Saara
    Turku PET Centre, Turku, Finland; University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
    Koivumäki, Mikko
    Turku PET Centre, Turku, Finland; University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
    Vähä-Ypyä, Henri
    UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland.
    Eskola, Olli
    Turku PET Centre, Turku, Finland; University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
    Rajander, Johan
    Turku PET Centre, Turku, Finland; University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
    Kallio, Petri
    University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
    Saarenhovi, Maria
    University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
    Löyttyniemi, Eliisa
    University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
    Sievänen, Harri
    UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland.
    Houttu, Noora
    University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
    Laitinen, Kirsi
    University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
    Kalliokoski, Kari
    Turku PET Centre, Turku, Finland; University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
    Vasankari, Tommi
    UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland; University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
    Knuuti, Juhani
    Turku PET Centre, Turku, Finland; University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
    Heinonen, Ilkka
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för företagande, innovation och hållbarhet. Turku PET Centre, Turku, Finland; University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
    Associations of sedentary time, physical activity, and fitness with muscle glucose uptake in adults with metabolic syndrome2022Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, ISSN 0905-7188, E-ISSN 1600-0838, Vol. 33, nr 3, s. 353-358Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the associations of sedentary time, physical activity, and cardiorespiratory fitness with skeletal muscle glucose uptake (GU). Methods: Sedentary time and physical activity were measured with accelerometers and VO2max with cycle ergometry in 44 sedentary adults with metabolic syndrome. Thigh muscle GU was determined with [18F]FDG-PET imaging. Results: Sedentary time (β = −0.374), standing (β = 0.376), steps (β = 0.351), and VO2max (β = 0.598) were associated with muscle GU when adjusted for sex, age, and accelerometer wear time. Adjustment for body fat-% turned all associations non-significant. Conclusion: Body composition is a more important determinant of muscle GU in this population than sedentary time, physical activity, or fitness. © 2022 The Authors. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science In Sports published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  • 188.
    Gavois, Helena
    et al.
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS), Centrum för forskning om välfärd, hälsa och idrott (CVHI).
    Paulsson, Gun
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS), Centrum för forskning om välfärd, hälsa och idrott (CVHI).
    Fridlund, Bengt
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS), Centrum för forskning om välfärd, hälsa och idrott (CVHI).
    Mental health professional support in families with a member suffering from severe mental illness: a grounded theory model2006Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, ISSN 0283-9318, E-ISSN 1471-6712, Vol. 20, nr 1, s. 102-109Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study was to develop a model of mental health professional (MHP) support based on the needs of families with a member suffering from severe mental illness (SMI). Twelve family members were interviewed with the focus on their needs of support by MHP, then the interviews were analyzed according to the grounded theory method. The generated model of MHP support had two core categories: the family members’ process from crisis to recovery and their interaction with the MHP about mental health/illness and daily living of the person with SMI. Interaction based on ongoing contact between MHP and family members influenced the family members’ process from crisis towards recovery. Four MHP strategies – being present, listening, sharing and empowering – met the family members’ needs of support in the different stages of the crisis. Being present includes early contact, early information and protection by MHP at onset of illness or relapse. Listening includes assessing burden, maintaining contact and confirmation in daily living for the person with SMI. Sharing between MHP and family members includes co-ordination, open communication and security in daily living for the person with SMI. Finally, the MHP strategy empowering includes creating a context, counselling and encouraging development for the family members. The present model has a holistic approach and can be used as an overall guide for MHP support in clinical care of families of persons with SMI. For future studies, it is important to study the interaction of the family with SMI and the connection between hope, coping and empowerment.

  • 189.
    Gelzinis, Adas
    et al.
    Kaunas University of Technology, Lithuania.
    Verikas, Antanas
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för informationsteknologi, Halmstad Embedded and Intelligent Systems Research (EIS), Intelligenta system (IS-lab).
    Bacauskiene, Marija
    Kaunas University of Technology, Lithuania.
    Vaiciukynas, Evaldas
    Kaunas University of Technology, Lithuania.
    Kelertas, Edgaras
    Kaunas University of Technology, Lithuania.
    Uloza, Virgilijus
    Kaunas University of Medicine, Lithuania.
    Vegiene, Aurelija
    Kaunas University of Medicine, Lithuania.
    Towards video laryngostroboscopy-based automated screening for laryngeal disorders2009Ingår i: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference “Models and Analysis of Vocal Emissions for Biomedical Applications”, MAVEBA 2009 / [ed] C. Manfredi, Florence, Italy: Firenze University Press , 2009, s. 125-128Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper is concerned with kernel-based techniques for automatedcategorization of laryngeal colour image sequences obtained by videolaryngostroboscopy. Features used to characterize a laryngeal imageare given by the kernel principal components computed using the$N$-vector of the 3-D colour histogram. The least squares supportvector machine (LS-SVM) is designed for categorizing an imagesequence (video) into the healthy, cancerous and noncancerous classes. The kernel function employed by theLS-SVM is defined over a pair of matrices, rather than over a pairof vectors. The classification accuracy of over 85% was obtainedwhen testing the developed tools on data recorded during routinelaryngeal videostroboscopy.

  • 190.
    Geng, H.
    et al.
    Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China; Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Nandakumar, Kutty Selva
    Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Xiong, L.
    Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China.
    Jie, R.
    Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China.
    Dong, J.
    Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China.
    Holmdahl, R.
    Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Incomplete B cell tolerance to cartilage oligomeric matrix protein in mice2013Ingår i: Arthritis and Rheumatism, ISSN 0004-3591, E-ISSN 1529-0131, Vol. 65, nr 9, s. 2301-2309Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) is a major noncollagenous component of cartilage and is used as a biomarker in rheumatoid arthritis and experimental arthritis. Injection of COMP leads to severe inflammatory joint disease, and antibodies play a critical role in mediating arthritis. The arthritogenicity of COMP might be due to the lack of self tolerance. This study was undertaken to determine the status of COMP-specific B cell tolerance using COMP-deficient mice. METHODS: Arthritis development and antibody responses were compared between COMP-sufficient and COMP-deficient littermates after immunization with rat COMP. Serum anti-COMP antibody levels were measured using a panel of recombinant mouse COMP proteins, and antibody-secreting cells were enumerated by enzyme-linked immunospot assays. A novel sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed to assess COMP molecules in serum. RESULTS: COMP-sufficient mice, but not COMP-deficient mice, developed severe arthritis following immunization with rat COMP. However, anti-COMP antibody titers to native COMP and recombinant protein domains covering the entire mouse COMP sequence, except the less immunodominant type 3 repeat domains, were decreased in COMP-sufficient mice compared to COMP-deficient mice. In addition, COMP-sufficient mice had fewer B cells secreting COMP-reactive antibodies. Detectable levels of full-length COMP in arthritic COMP-sufficient B10.Q NCF-1(*/*) and healthy mice suggested systemic availability of COMP to the immune system. CONCLUSION: The lack of arthritis, together with high levels of COMP-specific antibodies, in COMP-deficient mice indicates that susceptibility to arthritis is COMP specific and that endogenous expression of COMP in wild-type mice tolerizes B cells in vivo.

  • 191.
    Geng, Hui
    et al.
    Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan, China.
    Carlsen, Stefan
    Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Nandakumar, Kutty Selva
    Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Holmdahl, Rikard
    Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Aspberg, Anders
    Lund University, Lund, Sweden; University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Oldberg, Åke
    Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Mattsson, Ragnar
    Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein deficiency promotes early onset and the chronic development of collagen-induced arthritis2008Ingår i: Arthritis Research & Therapy, ISSN 1478-6354, E-ISSN 1478-6362, Vol. 10, nr 6, artikel-id R134Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    INTRODUCTION: Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) is a homopentameric protein in cartilage. The development of arthritis, like collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), involves cartilage as a target tissue. We have investigated the development of CIA in COMP-deficient mice. METHODS: COMP-deficient mice in the 129/Sv background were backcrossed for 10 generations against B10.Q mice, which are susceptible to chronic CIA. COMP-deficient and wild-type mice were tested for onset, incidence, and severity of arthritis in both the collagen and collagen antibody-induced arthritis models. Serum anti-collagen II and anti-COMP antibodies as well as serum COMP levels in arthritic and wild-type mice were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: COMP-deficient mice showed a significant early onset and increase in the severity of CIA in the chronic phase, whereas collagen II-antibody titers were similar in COMP-deficient and wild-type controls. COMP antibodies were not found in wild-type mice. Finally, COMP-deficient and wild-type mice responded similarly to collagen antibody-induced arthritis, indicating no difference in how collagen II antibodies interact with COMP-deficient cartilage during the initial stages of arthritis. CONCLUSIONS: COMP deficiency enhances the early onset and development of chronic arthritis but does not affect collagen II autoimmunity. These findings accentuate the importance of COMP in cartilage stability. © 2008 Geng et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

  • 192.
    Geng, Hui
    et al.
    Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China.
    Nandakumar, Kutty Selva
    Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Pramhed, Anna
    Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Aspberg, Anders
    University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Mattsson, Ragnar
    Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Holmdahl, Rikard
    Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein specific antibodies are pathogenic2012Ingår i: Arthritis Research & Therapy, ISSN 1478-6354, E-ISSN 1478-6362, Vol. 14, nr 4, artikel-id R191Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    INTRODUCTION: Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) is a major non-collagenous component of cartilage. Earlier, we developed a new mouse model for rheumatoid arthritis using COMP. This study was undertaken to investigate the epitope specificity and immunopathogenicity of COMP-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). METHODS: B cell immunodominant regions on the COMP molecule were measured with a novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using mammalian expressed full-length mouse COMP as well as a panel of recombinant mouse COMP fragments. 18 mAbs specific to COMP were generated and the pathogenicity of mAbs was investigated by passive transfer experiments. RESULTS: B cell immunodominant epitopes were localized within 4 antigenic domains of the COMP but with preferential response to the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domain. Some of our anti-COMP mAbs showed interactions with the native form of COMP, which is present in cartilage and synovium. Passive transfer of COMP-specific mAbs enhanced arthritis when co-administrated with a sub-arthritogenic dose of a mAb specific to collagen type II. Interestingly, we found that a combination of 5 COMP mAbs was capable of inducing arthritis in naive mice. CONCLUSIONS: We have identified the specificities of mAbs to COMP and their contribution to the development of arthritis. These findings will further improve our understanding of the autoantibody mediated immunopathologies occurring widely in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), as well as in other autoimmune disorders.

  • 193.
    Gharehbaghi, Arash
    et al.
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för informationsteknologi.
    Partovi, Elaheh
    Amirkabir University, Tehran, Iran.
    Accuracy of a Deep Learning Method for Heart Sound Analysis is Unrealistic2023Ingår i: Neural Networks, ISSN 0893-6080, E-ISSN 1879-2782, Vol. 159, s. 107-108Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
  • 194.
    Gilljam, Britt-Mari
    et al.
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd, Centrum för forskning om välfärd, hälsa och idrott (CVHI).
    Arvidsson, Susann
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd, Centrum för forskning om välfärd, hälsa och idrott (CVHI), Hälsofrämjande processer.
    Nygren, Jens
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd, Centrum för forskning om välfärd, hälsa och idrott (CVHI), Hälsofrämjande processer.
    Svedberg, Petra
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd, Centrum för forskning om välfärd, hälsa och idrott (CVHI), Hälsofrämjande processer.
    Promoting participation in healthcare situations for children with JIA: a grounded theory study2016Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being, ISSN 1748-2623, E-ISSN 1748-2631, Vol. 11, artikel-id 30518Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Children’s right to participate in their own healthcare has increasingly become highlighted in national and international research as well as in government regulations. Nevertheless, children’s participation in healthcare is unsatisfactorily applied in praxis. There is a growing body of research regarding children’s participation, but research from the children’s own perspective is scarce. The aim of this study was thus to explore the experiences and preferences for participation in healthcare situations among children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) as a foundation for creating strategies to promote their participation in pediatric healthcare. Twenty children, aged 8 to 17 years, with JIA were interviewed individually and in focus groups. In order to increase the children’s opportunities to express their own experiences, different interview techniques were used, such as draw-and-tell and role play with dolls. The analysis was conducted with a constructivist grounded theory. The result explores children’s perspective of influencing processes promoting their participation in healthcare situations. The core category that emerged was, “Releasing fear and uncertainty opens up for confidence and participation,” and the categories related to the core category are, “surrounded by a sense of security and comfort,” and “strengthened and supported to become involved.” In conclusion, the knowledge gained in this study offers new insights from the perspective of children themselves, and can constitute a valuable contribution to the understanding of necessary conditions for the development of specific interventions that promote participation among children in healthcare situations.

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  • 195.
    Gilljam, Britt-Mari
    et al.
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd, Centrum för forskning om välfärd, hälsa och idrott (CVHI). Region Halland, Halmstad Hospital, Halmstad, Sweden .
    Nygren, Jens M.
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd, Centrum för forskning om välfärd, hälsa och idrott (CVHI).
    Svedberg, Petra
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd, Centrum för forskning om välfärd, hälsa och idrott (CVHI).
    Arvidsson, Susann
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd, Centrum för forskning om välfärd, hälsa och idrott (CVHI).
    Impact of an Electronic Health Service on Child Participation in Pediatric Oncology Care: Quasiexperimental Study2020Ingår i: Journal of Medical Internet Research, E-ISSN 1438-8871, Vol. 22, nr 7, artikel-id e17673Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: There is a shortage of electronic Health (eHealth) services for children 6-12 years old, which promotes their participation in healthcare. Children with long-term diseases want to be more involved in their healthcare, and have the right to receive information, to be listened to, to express their opinions and to participate in decision-making in healthcare.

    Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate children’s participation during appointments with pediatricians at pediatric oncology clinics, with or without the use of the eHealth service Sisom.

    Method: A quasi-experimental design with mixed methods was used. Twenty-seven appointments with pediatricians for 14 children aged 6-12 years (mean 8.3) with a cancer diagnosis were filmed and analyzed. The intervention group consisted of children who used an eHealth service prior their appointments with pediatricians at a pediatric oncology clinic and the control group consisted of children during their appointments with pediatricians at four other pediatric oncology clinics. The data from the observations from the films were analyzed with quantitative and qualitative analysis. The quantitative analysis included manual calculations of how many times the pediatricians spoke directly to the children, of the proportion of the appointment time that the children were talking and their levels of participation. The qualitative analysis included directed content analysis included observations of the video films to assess the children´s levels of participation manifested themselves.

    Results:  A greater proportion of what the pediatrician said in the intervention group was addressed to the child than occurred in the control group, but the proportion of the appointment time the children talked was almost the same for both the intervention and the control groups. The levels of participation corresponded to the first three levels of Shier´s participation model: Children were listened to, Children were supported to express their views and Children´s views were taken into account. The results showed an increased level of the children´s participation in the intervention group. Several codes were found about information, which did not fit into any of the existing categories, and a new category was thus formed: Children received information. Situations were also identified where children were actively excluded from participation; these were presented as negative codes.

    Conclusions: This study shows that the eHealth service Sisom can increase children´s participation during appointments with healthcare professionals. Future research should focus on evaluating outcomes on individual and organizational levels and in different healthcare contexts. © The authors. All rights reserved

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  • 196.
    Gothred, Lina
    et al.
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd.
    Gullstrand, Lina
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd.
    Läkemedelsassisterad behandling vid heroinberoende: Ur ett omvårdnadsperspektiv2016Självständigt arbete på grundnivå (kandidatexamen), 10 poäng / 15 hpStudentuppsats (Examensarbete)
    Abstract [sv]

    Heroinberoende har en hög dödlighet och innebär stora kostnader för samhället, och den mest förekommande och effektiva behandlingen är läkemedelsassisterad behandling (LAB). Studiens syfte var att studera LAB vid heroinberoende ur ett omvårdnadsperspektiv. Omvårdnadsteorin som applicerades var ”Tidvattenmodellen” vars filosofi grundar sig på att det finns psykiska behov, att omvårdnad kan vara ett sätt att möta dessa behov, att människan redan har lösningen på sina livsproblem och att omvårdnad handlar om att ta fram dessa lösningar. En systematisk litteraturstudie gjordes. Resultatet baseras på tio kvantitativa artiklar och presenteras med tre teman: Bakgrundsfaktorernas roll, Personcentrerad omvårdnad och Accepterande omvårdnad. Olika bakgrundsfaktorer påverkar deltagande och fullföljande av behandlingen, så som att ha ett arbete samt civilstatus. För ett positivt resultat av LAB är det viktigt med en personcentrerad omvårdnad som erbjuder ett socialt stöd. För att öka deltagandet, och därmed tillgången till omvårdnad, måste behandlingens krav sänkas och omfattas av en högre acceptansnivå. I framtiden behövs det en bredare forskning gällande omvårdande insatser vid LAB samt diskussioner för att utforma en så säker vård som möjligt.

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  • 197.
    Gouttebarge, Vincent
    et al.
    Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands & University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
    Johnson, Urban
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd, Centrum för forskning om välfärd, hälsa och idrott (CVHI).
    Rochcongar, Pierre
    Fédération Française de Football (FFF), Paris, France & France Centre National de Football (FIFA, Medical Centres of Excellence), Clairefontaine, France.
    Rosier, Philippe
    Royal Belgian Football Association, Brussels, Belgium & University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal.
    Kerkhoffs, Gino
    Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
    Symptoms of common mental disorders among professional football referees: a one-season prospective study across Europe2017Ingår i: Physician and sportsmedicine, ISSN 0091-3847, E-ISSN 2326-3660, Vol. 45, nr 1, s. 11-16Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: The primary aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and one-season incidence of symptoms of common mental disorders (CMD; distress, anxiety/depression, sleep disturbance, eating disorders, adverse alcohol use) among European professional football referees. A secondary aim was to explore the view of European professional football referees on consequences, support and needs related to these symptoms.

    Methods: An observational prospective cohort study with three measurements over a follow-up period of one season (2015-2016) was conducted among central or assistant professional football referees from Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Norway, Russia, Scotland and Sweden. Using validated questionnaires to assess symptoms of CMD (self-reported and not clinically diagnosed), an electronic questionnaire in English and French was set up and distributed by the eight football federations involved.

    Results: A total of 391 referees (mean age of 33 years old; mean career duration of 7 years) were enrolled, of which 292 completed the follow-up period. Baseline 4-week prevalence rates were 6% for distress, 12% for anxiety/depression, 9% for sleep disturbance, 19% for eating disorders and 17% for adverse alcohol use. The one-season incidence of symptoms of CMD was 10% for distress, 16% for anxiety/depression, 14% for sleep disturbance, 29% for eating disorders and 8% for adverse alcohol use.

    Conclusion: While symptoms of CMD occur among professional football referees and can influence negatively refereeing performances, the development of specific support measures for referees are needed in order to manage properly these symptoms of CMD. © 2016 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group

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  • 198.
    Grotle, Margreth
    et al.
    Diakonhjemmets hospital, Oslo, Norway.
    Klokkerud, Mari
    Diakonhjemmets hospital, Oslo, Norway.
    Kjeken, Ingvild
    Diakonhjemmets hospital, Oslo, Norway.
    Bremander, Ann
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, Bio- och miljösystemforskning (BLESS).
    Hagel, Sofia
    Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Strömbeck, Britta
    Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Hørslev-Petersen, Kim
    King Christian Xth Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Gråsten, Denmark.
    Meesters, Jorit
    Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
    Vliet Vlieland, Thea P. M.
    Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
    Hagen, Kåre B.
    Diakonhjemmets hospital, Oslo, Norway.
    What’s in the black box of arthritis rehabilitation?: A comparison of rehabilitation practice for patients with inflammatory arthritis in Northern Europe2013Ingår i: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, ISSN 1650-1977, E-ISSN 1651-2081, Vol. 45, nr 5, s. 458-466Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: In evaluating complex interventions, it is a challenge for researchers to provide transparent reporting of the intervention content with sufficient detail and clarity such that effects can be compared across studies or countries.

    OBJECTIVE: To describe and compare the content of current rehabilitation for patients with inflammatory arthritis across 4 northern European countries. Patients and methods: A total of 731 patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases participated in a multicentre, longitudinal observational study carried out in Sweden, The Netherlands, Denmark and Norway. Data on context, structure and process were reported by patients and teams at the different participating study sites according to the Scandinavian Team Arthritis Register – European Team Intiative for Care Research (STAR-ETIC) framework.

    RESULTS: Although large similarities were found in the context, there were important differences between the Netherlands and the Scandinavian countries. Regarding structure, there were considerable differences in the length of the rehabilitation period across settings and countries. The most evident differences concerned process variables, especially the type and dosage of individual treatment modalities.

    CONCLUSION: The variation in important aspects of arthritis rehabilitation found in the present study underline the need for transparent and standardized description of these variables when comparing effects across settings and countries. A standardized description of current practice can be achieved by the STAR-ETIC framework.

    © 2013 The Authors

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  • 199.
    Grönvall, Kerstin
    et al.
    Högskolan i Halmstad.
    Larsson Lantz, Åsa
    Högskolan i Halmstad.
    Förlossningsplanen: till nytta eller hinder?2012Självständigt arbete på grundnivå (kandidatexamen), 10 poäng / 15 hpStudentuppsats (Examensarbete)
    Abstract [sv]

    Förlossningsplaner är sedan några årtionden tillbaka vanligt förekommande inom vården av födande kvinnor. I barnmorskans profession ingår att i dialog med de blivande föräldrarna ge stöd och förberedelse inför förlossning, och att ge stöd, trygghet och kontinuitet under förlossningen. Vården ska bedrivas i samråd med de blivande föräldrarna. Förlossningsplanen kan ha olika utformning och kan vara skriven av föräldrarna själva eller tillsammans med barnmorskan. Dess syfte är att underlätta kommunikationen mellan kvinnan och vårdgivaren, och att öka kvinnans deltagande i beslutsfattande. Önskemålen i förlossningsplanerna varierar och speglar de blivande föräldrarnas olikheter. Det finns ett behov av kunskap om förlossningsplanens betydelse i vården, och om den har någon positiv effekt för den födande kvinnan. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa effekten av förlossningsplanen ur den födande kvinnans perspektiv. I litteraturstudien bearbetades elva vetenskapliga artiklar som grund för resultatredovisningen. Resultatet visar att förlossningsplanen kan påverka kvinnans förlossningsupplevelse, relation med vårdgivare och egenmakt att hantera förlossningen positivt, men den kan också  ha en negativ effekt på relationen med vårdgivaren och öka kvinnans oro. Förlossningsplanen bör utarbetas i god tid med hjälp av barnmorska, och det är viktigt att förlossningsplanen uppmärksammas och används under förlossningen. Fortsatt forskning om blivande föräldrars inflytande, och om maktbalansen mellan dem och vårdgivaren behövs.

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  • 200.
    Gu, Peng
    et al.
    Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
    Liu, Ruofan
    Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
    Yang, Qin
    Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
    Xie, Li
    Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
    Wei, Rongjuan
    Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
    Li, Jiaxin
    Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
    Mei, Fengyi
    Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
    Chen, Tao
    Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
    Zeng, Zhenhua
    Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
    He, Yan
    Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
    Zhou, Hongwei
    Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
    Peng, Hongjuan
    Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
    Nandakumar, Kutty Selva
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för företagande, innovation och hållbarhet.
    Chu, Huikuan
    Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China.
    Jiang, Yong
    Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
    Gong, Wei
    Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
    Chen, Ye
    Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
    Schnabl, Bernd
    Department of Medicine, San Diego, United States.
    Chen, Peng
    Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
    A metabolite from commensal Candida albicans enhances the bactericidal activity of macrophages and protects against sepsis2023Ingår i: Cellular & Molecular Immunology, ISSN 1672-7681, E-ISSN 2042-0226, Vol. 20, nr 10, s. 1156-1170Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The gut microbiome is recognized as a key modulator of sepsis development. However, the contribution of the gut mycobiome to sepsis development is still not fully understood. Here, we demonstrated that the level of Candida albicans was markedly decreased in patients with bacterial sepsis, and the supernatant of Candida albicans culture significantly decreased the bacterial load and improved sepsis symptoms in both cecum ligation and puncture (CLP)-challenged mice and Escherichia coli-challenged pigs. Integrative metabolomics and the genetic engineering of fungi revealed that Candida albicans-derived phenylpyruvate (PPA) enhanced the bactericidal activity of macrophages and reduced organ damage during sepsis. Mechanistically, PPA directly binds to sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) and increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production for eventual bacterial clearance. Importantly, PPA enhanced the bacterial clearance capacity of macrophages in sepsis patients and was inversely correlated with the severity of sepsis in patients. Our findings highlight the crucial contribution of commensal fungi to bacterial disease modulation and expand our understanding of the host-mycobiome interaction during sepsis development. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to CSI and USTC.

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