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  • 101.
    Hultqvist, Jenny
    et al.
    Göteborgs Universitet, Göteborg, Sverige.
    Zhang, Peiran
    Göteborgs Universitet, Göteborg, Sverige.
    Staland Nyman, Carin
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Bertilsson, Monica
    Göteborgs Universitet, Göteborg, Sverige.
    Managers’ prevention and self-confidence in supporting employees with common mental disorders2022In: European Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1101-1262, E-ISSN 1464-360X, Vol. 32, no Suppl. 3Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Despite managers’ responsibility for work environment and employee health few studies have investigated managers’ actions to prevent common mental disorders (CMD). Concerning prevention of CMD, qualitative studies report managers feeling unconfident. We investigated managers’ self-confidence in supporting employees with CMD and two managerial preventive actions (MPA): ‘reviewing assignments and the work situation’ (MPA-review) and ‘taking initiative to talk about depression and anxiety at the workplace’ (MPA-talk). We hypothesized that managers’ self-confidence in supporting employees with CMD would be positively associated with both MPAs.

    Methods: An on-line survey was sent in 2017 to 4737 managers, answer rate 71% (n = 3358), of which 2 899 were included in this study. Both independent and dependent variables were measured through single questions. Self-confidence in supporting employees with CMD was analyzed in relation to MPA-review and MPA-talk using binary logistic regression analysis adjusted for sex, education, managerial experience and training, lived experiences of CMD, work organizational context and general preventive actions in the organization towards CMD.

    Results: The proportion of managers with higher self-confidence in supporting employees with CMD was 48.9%, performing MPA-review and MPA-talk was 50% and 57% respectively. Adjusted for all co-variates, managers with higher self-confidence in supporting employees with CMDs were more likely to do both MPA-review (OR 1.57; 95% CI, 1.31-1.87) and MPA-talk (OR 2.06; 95% CI, 1.71-2.25).

    Conclusions: The study hypotheses were confirmed. Managers with more self-confidence in supporting employees with CMD were more likely to take actions to prevent CMD, particularly regarding initiating talks about CMD with subordinates. The study suggests it is important to strengthen managers self-confidence in supporting employees with CMD to increase their preventive actions towards CMD.

    Key messages: • Managers’ self-confidence in supporting employees with CMD is vital for workplace prevention. • To strengthen managers’ self-confidence in supporting employees with CMD is essential.

    © The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Public Health Association.

  • 102.
    Hutton, Katrin
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI), Health promotion and disease prevention. Affecta Psychiatric clinic, Halmstad, Sweden.
    Nygren, Jens
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI), Health promotion and disease prevention.
    Nyholm, Maria
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI), Sport Health and Physical activity.
    Svedberg, Petra
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI), Health promotion and disease prevention.
    Low self-rated mental health among Swedish adolescent boys and its relationship to socioeconomic factors2013Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    Adolescents mental health is a major public health concern and studies have shown that socioeconomic factors contribute to the experienced health of adolescents. Girls’ mental health, more than boys’ mental health, is often discussed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between self-rated mental health and socioeconomic factors among boys and we hypothesized that household wealth influences the association.

    Methods

    In 2011, a cross-sectional study was conducted at seven junior high schools in a medium sized town in south western Sweden. The data collected was based on a self-administrated questionnaire regarding socioeconomic factors, household wealth and health related quality of life (Minnesota Minneapolis Quality of Life Instrument (MMQL). In all, 235 boys between 11-13 years old and 254 boys between 14-16 years participated. The items from MMQL were summarized into a total score and dichotomized by the median and low self-rated mental health was defined as below median. Logistic regression analysis was used.

    Results

    Among younger boys no association between low self-rated mental health and socioeconomic factors were seen. Among older boys with divorced parents, an increased risk of low mental health rating was seen OR: 1.83 (95%CI, 1.04;3.23), however when adjusting for household wealth the association disappeared (OR;1.76, CI 0.98;3.15). Also, having one or two parents born outside Sweden implied increased risk of a low self-rated mental health OR: 2.0 (CI; 1.15;3.47), which remained when adjusting for household wealth variables (OR; 2.16 CI; 1.17;3.99). Furthermore, having two or more negative socioeconomic variables increased the risk of low rated mental health (OR;2.60, CI 1.15;5.90) the association remained after adjusting for household wealth (OR;2.38, CI 1.03;5.33).

    Conclusions

    Boys with divorced parents, boys from migrant backgrounds and boys with several negative socioeconomic factors constituted the identified subgroups at risk. More research in public health is essential to meet the special needs of different age groups and backgrounds among adolescent boys.

    Key messages

    • Among older boys (14-16 years old) with divorced parents, an increased risk of low mental health rating was seen, however when adjusting for household wealth the association disappeared.
    • Among older boys (14-16 years old) having two or more negative socioeconomic variables increased the risk of low rated mental health, the association remained after adjusting for household wealth.

    © The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Public Health Association. All rights reserved.

  • 103.
    Hutton, Katrin
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI), Health promotion and disease prevention. Affecta psychiatric out-patients clinic, Halmstad, Sweden.
    Nyholm, Maria
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI), Sport Health and Physical activity.
    Nygren, Jens
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI), Health promotion and disease prevention.
    Svedberg, Petra
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI), Health promotion and disease prevention.
    Kadrija, Ibadete (Contributor)
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Self-rated mental health and socio-economic background: a study of adolescents in Sweden2014In: BMC Public Health, E-ISSN 1471-2458, Vol. 14, no 1, article id 394Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Adolescents' mental health is a major public health issue. Previous research has shown that socio-economic factors contribute to the health status of adolescents. The present study explores the association between socio-economic status and self-rated mental health among adolescents.

    Methods: Cross sectional data from the Halmstad Youth Quality of Life cohort was collected in a town in Sweden. In all, 948 adolescents (11-13 younger age group and 14-16 older age group) participated. Information on self-rated mental health was collected from the subscale Psychological functioning in the Minneapolis Manchester Quality of Life instrument. The items were summarized into a total score and dichotomized by the mean. Indicators measuring socio-economic status (SES) were collected in a questionnaire using the Family Affluence Scale (FAS) and additional factors regarding parents' marital status and migration were added. Logistic models were used to analyze the data.

    Results: Girls were more likely to rate their mental health below the mean compared to boys. With regard to FAS (high, medium, low), there was a significantly increased risk of self-rated mental health below the mean among younger boys in the medium FAS score OR; 2.68 (95% CI 1.35;5.33) and among older boys in the low FAS score OR; 2.37 (1.02;5.52) compared to boys in the high FAS score. No such trend was seen among girls. For younger girls there was a significant protective association between having parents born abroad and self-rated mental health below mean OR: 0.47 (0.24;0.91).

    Conclusions: A complex pattern of associations between SES and self-rated mental health, divergent between age and gender groups, was shown. The total FAS score was only associated with boys' self-rated mental health in both age groups, whereas parents' migratory status influenced only the girls' self-rated mental health. Because of the different association for girls' and boys' self-rated mental health and SES, other factors than SES should also be considered when investigating and exploring the mental health of adolescents in affluent communities. © 2014 Hutton et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

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  • 104.
    Häggström Westberg, Katrin
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI). Affecta Psykiatri, Halmstad, Sverige.
    Exploring mental health and potential health assets in young people2021Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Young people in Sweden generally claim to have a good quality of life, but also report increasing mental health problems. It is a concern that only a minority of young people seek and/or access support when encountering mental health problems as mental health is a fundamental human right and integral to a positive development in both childhood and throughout the lifespan. There are uncertainties as to how to facilitate help-seeking and promote mental health among young people and previous studies have often focused on risk-reduction. A shift from a pathological view to a resource-based perspective of mental health can be achieved by adopting a health assets’ approach. This approach also ascribes due emphasis to the fact that mental health is developed within a social context, where both individual and structural health assets, such as the support system, are of importance. With this in mind, the overall aim of this thesis was to explore individual and structural health assets in relation to the mental health of young people.

    This thesis is based on four studies using both quantitative (Studies I and II) and qualitative (Study III) methods as well as a scoping review method with a qualitative synthesis (Study IV). Studies I and II had a cross-sectional design and utilized data from self-reported health-related ratings collected in schools in 2011. The association between socio-economic determinants and self-rated mental health in two age groups (11-13 and 14-16) was explored in Study I, and optimism and pessimism as a bi-dimensional construct, and its impact on health-related quality of life and potential to function as a health asset was explored in Study II. In Studies III and IV, the help- seeking process was explored from the perspective of young people, firstly with constructivist grounded theory in Study III based on interviews of young people seeking help for mental health problems within a local setting, and secondly, through a scoping review examination and qualitative synthesis of national and international literature on help-seeking in Study IV.

    The results identified potential health assets on both individual and structural levels. The explored health assets on an individual level were socio-economic status and socio-demographic factors (Study I), dispositional optimism (Study II) and individual resources for help-seeking (Studies III and IV), while health assets on a structural level were explored through the experience of and perceptions of young people’s help-seeking process

    (Studies III and IV). The individual health assets of socio-economic status and migratory background were seen to affect mental health differently for boys and girls with the boys being susceptible to an accumulation of socio-economic risk factors including family wealth affecting their mental health negatively, and the mental health of the young girls with a migratory background being affected positively (Study I).The individual health asset of optimism was found to be potentially supportive for help-seeking and mental health (Study II). Young people were optimistic about their future but there was a significant decrease in optimism and health-related quality of life, and a significant increase in pessimism, with age. Optimism was independently and positively associated with a high level of health-related quality of life among young people, even when adjusting for parents’ marital status, family country background and gender. Knowledge and a desire for self-reliance were identified as potential individual health assets mainly in regard to the help-seeking process (Studies III and IV). Young people expressed how their knowledge of mental health and the support system was inadequate, rendering a feeling of insecurity, however, they also expressed a strong desire for self-reliance in regard to their mental health. Help-seeking was characterised as a dynamic and psychosocial process without sequentially fixed stages. Potential health assets on a structural level were identified as support through social networks, and a responsive, collective and accessible support system. However, young people perceived the support system as unresponsive, focused on protocol instead of person, fragmented and spread, and lacking in accessibility. The results implied that equipping young people with sufficient knowledge would capitalize on the individual health assets of self-reliance and optimism, conducive to help-seeking and mental health, but that the support system needs to improve in order to meet the particular needs of young people.

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  • 105.
    Häggström Westberg, Katrin
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI). Affecta Psychiatric Out-Patients Clinic, Halmstad, Sweden.
    Wilhsson, Marie
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI), Health and Nursing.
    Svedberg, Petra
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI), Health and Nursing.
    Nygren, Jens M.
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI), Health and Nursing.
    Morgan, Antony
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI). Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
    Nyholm, Maria
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI).
    Optimism as a Candidate Health Asset: Exploring Its Links with Adolescent Quality of Life in Sweden2019In: Child Development, ISSN 0009-3920, E-ISSN 1467-8624, Vol. 90, no 3, p. 970-984Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study aims to understand the role that optimism could play in the context of a health asset approach to promote adolescent health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Adolescents (n = 948), between 11 and 16 years old from a medium-sized rural town in Sweden, answered questionnaires measuring optimism, pessimism, and HRQOL. The findings indicate a significant decrease in optimism and a significant increase in pessimism between early and mid adolescence. The study has allowed us to present associational evidence of the links between optimism and HRQOL. This infers the potential of an optimistic orientation about the future to function as a health asset during adolescence and by implication may provide additional intervention tools in the planning of health promotion strategies. © 2017 The Authors

  • 106.
    Håkansson, Henrik
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS).
    Bogren, Tomas
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS).
    Motiv till spel om pengar på internet och skillnader mellan problemspelare och icke-problemspelare.: en litteraturstudie2012Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Although gambling has positive outcomes on the majority of the gamblers, one to five percent of the populations in each country around the world are problem gamblers. This public health issue gives healthy, economics and/or social negative consequences. The Swedish group with most risk for problem gambling is men with low education and income between the years 18-24. One reason to the progress of problem gambling is that more and more players choose Internet, where most problem gamblers exist. Motivational Interviewing and cognitive behavioral therapy are two methods which have been used as preventive measures against problem gambling. The aim of this study was to describe Internet gambling motives and examine differences in motives among problem gamblers and non-problem gamblers. Method: A literature review was made and ten peer reviewed articles was found in the databases Pubmed, PsycINFO, Academic Search Elite and SciVerse Science Direct. Data was processed through theme-analyze. The result showed that economic opportunities, chance to be anonymous, control of social interactions, convenience and flexibility in gambling, emotional state control gambling and the surrounding context as motive formed six themes in which the motives for gambling on Internet are presented. Problem gamblers were more likely to report economic opportunities, negative emotional state control gambling and chance to be anonymous as special important motives than non-problem gamblers, who preferred convenience and flexibility and positive emotional state control gambling as important motives. Implication: Internet gambling is a relatively new phenomenon which continues to grow; more research about differences in motives between specifically populations is needed to make it easier to create intervention programs which match each problem gambler.

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  • 107.
    Håman, Linn
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Katarina, Haraldsson
    Department of Research and Development Within Education, Halmstad, Sweden; University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Lindgren, Eva-Carin
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Physical Education Teacher’s Professional Learning of Implementing a Health Promotion Intervention in the Practice of a Research Circle2022In: Health Promotion / [ed] Mukadder Mollaoğlu, London: IntechOpen , 2022, p. 75-94Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Scholars recommend that health promotion researchers engage practitioners in the analysis and reporting phase and expand their ability to share their research beyond academia. The purpose of this study was to draw benefit from physical education (PE) teachers’ discussions and reflections of the implementation of a health promotion intervention in school during research circle meetings. The health promotion intervention ‘Pulse for Health and Learning’ (PuLH) focused on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, incorporating a child-centred coaching approach. This study has an action research approach. The research circle consisted of PE teachers (N = 22, approximately 18 per meeting) from eight primary and middle schools (from grades 4 to 9) in eight municipalities in Sweden and three researchers. The theory of ‘practice architectures’ was employed to interpret, discuss, and clarify what enables and constrain PE teachers’ implementation of the health promotion intervention. During the analysis, three discourses were identified: technical-rational discourse, participating discourse, and steering and supporting discourse. The practice architectures both enabled and constrained the implementation of PuLH. The research circle meetings stimulated critically conscious acting and decision-making through collaboration between PE teachers and together with researchers which improved the implementation of PuLH and contributed to PE teachers’ professional development.

  • 108. Johansson, Amanda
    Att röka eller inte röka: vad får gymnasieelever att sluta bruka tobak?2013Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: In Sweden today, there are almost one millionpeople who smoke daily, and half a million people who use snuff.  In upper secondary school smokes 8 percent ofboys and 13 percent of girls daily. Of those students in upper secondary schoolwho used snuff, about 25 percent were boys and10 percent were girls. Smoking is described as a social phenomenon among youngpeople and those people who use tobacco are often affected by their friends andfamily. Aim: The aim of the study was to describe students in upper secondaryschool perceptions of what would help them to quit using tobacco. Method: The method that was usedto answer the study´s aim was qualitative research design with focus groups.The two groups consisted of students in upper secondary school in southwestSweden. The participants discussed ten questions based on an interview guide. Thecollected data was transcribed and analyzed using content analysis. The resultswere prepared in categories and subcategories. Results: The results presented first with the category Society´s influence with the subcategoriesknowledge about tobacco and itsconsequences and rules andprohibition. The second category was Adult´sengagement with the subcategories desirefor school staff’s actions and adultresponsibility and also the last category: Tobacco-free school. The Upper secondary school students felt thatit was important to illustrate consequences of tobacco use in real examples, aswell as displaying intimidating pictures on tobacco packages. Adult’sdissociation and commitment regarding tobacco use were also important for thestudents to quit using tobacco, just as tobacco-free school had.  Implication: By being aware of students´ opinions on what would make themquit using tobacco, schools can work more preventive against tobacco in school and further research could include moreschools and opinions from staff and parents.

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    Att röka eller inte röka - vad får gymnasieelever att sluta bruka tobak?
  • 109.
    Johansson, Gunnar
    Department of Health Behaviours, The Swedish National Institute of Public Health, SE-831 40 Östersund, Sweden.
    Comparison of nutrient intake between different dietary assessment methods in elderly male volunteers2008In: Nutrition and Dietetics, ISSN 1446-6368, Vol. 65, no 4, p. 266-271Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim:

    The objective of the study was to compare nutritional intake results obtained from the 4 x 4-day weighed records with those obtained from a food frequency questionnaire, repeated 24-hour recalls, a seven-day food record and a seven-day checklist in elederly men.

    Methods:

    Seventy-five healthy men aged 55-88 years and living at home in Cambridge, UK, took part in the study. Energy and nutrients had means and standard deviations calculated. Misreporting was based on an evaluation of food intake level, calculated as reported energy divided by predicted basal metabolic rate. This was in relation to a plausible physical activity level, calculated as the ratio of energy expenditure divided by predicted basal metabolic rate. Statistical significance was assessed via one-way ANOVA.

    Results:

    The nutrient density was higher for protein and potassium for the group with low food intake level values in all dietary assessment methods. For some methods, this was also true for calciumm, carotene, iron and vitamin C. All methods yielded similar results.

    Conclusions:

    The present study indicates that selective underreporting exists. Surprisingly, The simplest method, the simplified 24-hour recall, performed as well as more complicated methods.

  • 110.
    Johansson, Gunnar
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS), Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI).
    FaR-receptförskrivning i Halland, en femårstrend 2005-20092010Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [sv]

    Bakgrund Ett flertal studier visar att "Fysisk aktivitet på Recept" (FaR) är en underutnyttjad metod i vården för behandling och prevention av sjukdomar. Metod Data över antal förskrivna recept på fysisk aktivitet (FaR) åren 2005-2009 erhölls från Hallands läns landsting. Resultat Vid tjugotre vårdcentraler (33 %) skrevs det inte ut ett enda FaR-recept. Vid 42 vårdcentraler (61 %) skrevs det ut 1-9 recept. Vid två vårdcentraler skrevs det ut mer än 100 recept. I medeltal skrevs det ut fem recept per läkare år 2008. Det var en oförändrad trend 2005-2009 över antal förskrivna recept. Sammanfattning Denna rapport visar att FaR är en underutnyttjad metod för behandling och prevention av sjukdomar och att majoriteten av vårdpersonalen inte använder FaR. Det fanns inga tecken på att förskrivningen av FaR-recept ökade under femårsperioden 2005 till 2009.

  • 111.
    Johansson, Gunnar
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS), Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI).
    Kostens betydelse för ett hälsosammare liv2010In: Hälsa och livsstil: Forskning och praktiska tillämpningar / [ed] Lillemor R-M Hallberg, Lund: Studentlitteratur, 2010, p. 71-85Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 112.
    Johansson, Gunnar
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS), Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI).
    Overweight and obesity in Sweden: A five year follow-up, 2004-20082010In: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 38, no 8, p. 803-809Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE:

    The number of overweight and obese persons increased through the 1980s and 1990s in Sweden, for instance for men from 35% in 1980 to 52% in 2007. This study investigated whether this trend continued over the past 5 years, including trends for diet and physical activity.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS:

    The sampling frame in these surveys was established from the Swedish National Registry where all people registered in Sweden between 18 and 84 years in 2004 and 16-84 years in 2005-08 were included.

    RESULTS:

    There were no changes in the number of overweight (approximately 42% for men and 27% for women) and obese (approximately 11% for both men and women) persons between 2004 and 2008. Approximately 65% of the men and 64% of the women were physically active for an average of 30 minutes per day in 2008. Thirteen percent of women and 5% of men reported consuming at least five servings of fruit and vegetables per day during the 5-year period.

    CONCLUSIONS:

    Sweden seems to have reached a steady state regarding overweight and obesity. It would probably be fruitful to further discuss life-style issues, such as diet and physical activity, in the Swedish healthcare system and how to deal with the social gradient.

  • 113.
    Johansson, Gunnar
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS), Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI).
    Källgård, Börje
    Lund University.
    Öckerman, Per-Arne
    Lund University.
    Effects of a shift from a mixed diet to a lacto-vegetarian diet on some coronary heart disease risk markers2010Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Bakgrund: The aim of the study was to investigate whether a shift from a mixed diet to a lacto-vegetarian diet would lead to a decreased risk for coronary heart diseases indicated by surrogate markers.

    Metod: Twenty volunteers participated in the study (4 men and 16 women, mean age 44 years, range 27-61). Clinical examinations were performed, blood samples were drawn and dietary survey, i.e. repeated 24-h recalls were carried out before (0 months) and 3, 6 and 12 months after the dietary change.

    Resultat: The dietary shift lead to an increase in the intake of total carbohydrates and fiber and a decrease in fat, protein and sucrose. The coronary heart disease risk markers body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol and low-density lipoptrotein cholesterol decreased statistically significantly.

    Sammanfattning: There was a decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and other disease risk markers even though the ratio polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids was unchanged indicating that a decreased energy intake is more important than a change in the distribution of fat, carbohydrates and protein. The main finding in this study is that there was a weight loss, sustained for one year, without any recommendation to decrease the energy intake. Thus, this may be the most important effect of choosing a vegetarian diet.

  • 114.
    Johansson, Gunnar
    et al.
    Department of Health Behaviours, Swedish National Institute of Public Health, Östersund, Sweden.
    Westerterp, Klas
    Department of Food and Nutrition, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
    Assessment of the physical activity level with two questions: validation with doubly labelled water2008In: International Journal of Obesity, ISSN 0307-0565, E-ISSN 1476-5497, Vol. 32, no 6, p. 1031-1033Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: To validate  a two-question questionnaire on physical activity with the doubly labeled water (DLW) method.

    Design: Cross-sectional study.

    Subjects: Nine volunteers, age 33-75 years, with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 27.4.

    Measurements: A questionnaire with one question on physical activity at work and one question on physical activity during leisure time. The answers were converted into a PAL (physical activity level=energy expenditure/basal metabolic rate) value, which was validated with the DLW method.

    Results: The mean values (s.d.) of PAL for the questionnaire and DLW measurements were 1.7 (0.1) and 1.7 (0.1), respectively, with a mean difference of 0.004 (0.172).

    Conclusions: The results were promising to the extent that they could be used in large-scale epidemiological studies.

  • 115.
    Johansson, Gunvi
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS), Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI).
    Fridlund, Bengt
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS).
    Young adults' views on dental care: a qualitative analysis1996In: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, ISSN 0283-9318, E-ISSN 1471-6712, Vol. 10, no 4, p. 197-204Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of the present study was to determine young adults' views on dental care. The gathered data were gleaned from interviews and analysed in accordance with comparative method. It was possible to discern the views from two perspectives: the patients' opinions regarding costs in relation to given functions within dental care, and the attitudes to given functions in dental care per se. Costs for information and service were deemed questionable, whereas the costs for examination and treatment were accepted. The patients' stance was active with respect to information and treatment, whereas a greater degree of passivity prevailed within the areas of examination and service. According to this report, maintaining cheap dental care rates was deemed important. The patients questioned having to pay for information perceived as irrelevant to dental care. They expressed a hidden wish to assume an active role while being given more information, and to exercise greater influence with reference to own dental care, but were not in the habit of stating their views to dental staff. Thus, continuous patient satisfaction studies are vital in order to meet this group's needs. One suggestion for further research is to study how young adults regard dental care based on the theory presented.

  • 116.
    Johansson, Peter
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS), Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI).
    Oleni, Magnus
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS), Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI).
    Fridlund, Bengt
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS), Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI).
    Nurses' assessments and patients' perceptions: development of the night nursing care instrument (NNCI), measuring nursing care at night2005In: International Journal of Nursing Studies, ISSN 0020-7489, E-ISSN 1873-491X, Vol. 42, no 5, p. 569-578Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background:

    Nursing care provided at night has a different purpose and objective to that provided during the day. A review of the literature does not reveal any scientifically tested research instruments for evaluating and comparing the nurse's assessment of nursing care with the patient's perception at night.

    Aims and objectives:

    The aim of this study was to develop and test an instrument for evaluating nursing care and to compare nurses' assessments with patients' perceptions of nursing care provided at night.

    Design:

    The study was carried out in two phases; the first had an explorative design and the second an evaluative and comparative design. The Night Nursing Care Instrument (NNCI) included two questionnaires; one for nurses and one for patients. These questionnaires were developed from a nursing framework and covered the following three areas:,nursing interventions', 'medical interventions' and 'evaluation'.

    Methods:

    Nurses (n = 40) on night duty on a medical ward at a central hospital in southern Sweden were consecutively selected, to participate in the study. The patients (n = 80) were selected by means of convenience sampling. In order to achieve construct validity, factor analysis of each individual area was carried out. Reliability in terms of internal consistency was tested by Cronbach's alpha.

    Results:

    The overall NNCI had acceptable reliability and validity. There was no statistically significant difference between nurses' assessments and patients' perceptions in any of the three areas of 'nursing interventions', 'medical interventions' or 'evaluation'. The patients rated night nursing care as satisfactory for the majority of the items. Relevance to clinical practice: These findings demonstrate that it is possible to create a short instrument with acceptable reliability and validity, which is easy to use in clinical practice. The results also show that night nurses need to improve their ability to assess patients' needs during the night to increase the quality of night nursing care.

  • 117.
    Johansson, Peter
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS), Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI).
    Oleni, Magnus
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS), Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI).
    Fridlund, Bengt
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS), Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI).
    Patient satisfaction with nursing care in the context of health care: a literature study2002In: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, ISSN 0283-9318, E-ISSN 1471-6712, Vol. 16, no 4, p. 337-344Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    To evaluate and improve the quality of care provided, it is of vital importance to investigate the quality of care in the context of health care. Patient satisfaction is a significant indicator of the quality of care. Consequently, quality work includes investigations that map out patient satisfaction with nursing care. To improve the quality of nursing care, the nurse needs to know what factors influence patient satisfaction. The aim of this literature study was to describe the influences on patient satisfaction with regard to nursing care in the context of health care. In the description of nursing care, we have used Henderson's nursing care model. The results describe eight domains that have an influence on patient satisfaction with nursing care: the socio-demographic background of the patients, patients' expectations regarding nursing care, the physical environment, communication and information, participation and involvement, interpersonal relations between nurse and patient, nurses' medical-technical competence, and the influence of the health care organization on both patients and nurses. The bulk of the literature included in the study came from the UK, Sweden and the USA. This means that the results should be applicable to health care in the western world. An important implication for future research is to continue to elucidate the factors that influence satisfaction with nursing care, as seen from the patient's perspective.

  • 118.
    Johansson, Sofia
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Om förståelsen för behovet av vård av psykisk ohälsa bland nyanlända flyktingar och asylsökande under 1990–2021 och olika aktörers reflektioner utifrån ett krisnarrativ: En tematisk dokumentsanalys2023Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This study investigates the understanding of the need for care for mental illness among newly arrived refugees and asylum seekers in Sweden during 1990-2021. The study applies a crisis narrative perspective to contextualise why and how changes in legislation occur and the understanding of it. Furthermore, the article investigates how this is described and understood in legal texts, propositions, public investigations, and reports from 1990–2021 with an analytical frame of a crisis narrative. This crisis narrative is constructed through testimonies by social secretaries, migration officers, journalists, and professors linked to migration. This will be understood from the theoretical perspectives of who has the right to have rights (Arendt, 2017) and who is grievable (Butler, 2016), as well as a holistic perspective on health using the concepts of health-lifestyle (Cockerham, 2005), empowerment and SOC- sense of coherence. This study asks: (1) How was the description of the need for care and rights for refugees and asylum seekers described in official documents? (2) How has the displacement shift in rights to health and the view of the need for care among refugees and asylum seekers looked like? and (3) What impact can the right to have rights and to be grievable have on the health issues of refugees and asylum seekers?

    A qualitative thematic document analysis was adopted with an exploratory design based on an inductive approach to the empirical material. A hermeneutic interpretation has been applied which means creating a deeper interpretation than the intellectually comprehensible knowledge. The result shows that the legal texts, propositions, public investigations, and reports have shifted towards a more decentralised structure with a more holistic perspective on health. Together with the witness seminars, this testifies that, paradoxically, it has led to a more individualised view of refugees, that they take responsibility for their health to a greater extent, where uncertainty because of temporary residence permits is linked to an insecure and precarious existence.

  • 119.
    Johnson, Urban
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Hertting, Krister
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Ivarsson, Andreas
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Lindgren, Eva-Carin
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Favorable Adaptation during SARS-CoV-2-Pandemic as Told by Student-Athletes—A Longitudinal and Behavioral Study2022In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, ISSN 1661-7827, E-ISSN 1660-4601, Vol. 19, no 19, article id 12512Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    (1) Background: The aim was to explore the impact of adaptive responses (resilience factors) on student-athletes’ behaviors during a stressful period of life during the SARS-CoV-2-pandemic of 2020 and 2021. (2) Methods: A constructivist-based grounded theory (CGT) was used guided by a biopsychosocial approach. Based on purposeful sampling, 22 male and female student-athletes were divided into four focus group interviews (FGI) seven months after the outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2-pandemic (October 2020) and 18 of these were followed up by FGI seven months later (May 2021). The mean age was 17.65 and they represented golf and handball. (3) Results: The CGT contained four main categories seven months after the SARS-CoV-2-pandemic outbreak: Social support, Self-discipline, Physical practice and recovery and Management of everyday life. Fourteen months after the SARS-CoV-2-pandemic outbreak, four additional main categories emerged: More extensive social support, Belief in the future, Self-awareness and Responsibility and problem-solving. (4) Conclusions: The CTG suggests that student-athletes’ favorable adaptations to the stressful SARS-CoV-2-pandemic period 2020–2021 are based on a gradually developed ability to take responsibility for one’s own actions, insight into the importance of deepened social interaction, belief in a positive post-COVID future and increased awareness of physical activity and its relation to perceived health. © 2022 by the authors.

  • 120.
    Johnson, Urban
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI).
    Hinic, Hansi
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI).
    Billström, Anders
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Innovation and Sustainability, Centre for Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Learning Research (CIEL).
    Gäbel, Håkan
    University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Transplant Recipients’ Experience of Participation at the World Transplant Games in Gothenburg 2011: A Study of Psychological Well-being2013In: The Open Transplantation Journal, E-ISSN 1874-4184, Vol. 7, p. 1-9Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The World Transplant Games (WTG) is a biennial worldwide sporting event. Most published research relating to WTG has focused on medical issues. However, few studies have examined factors such as psychological wellbeing in sport for this group. The purpose of this study is to provide a description of the English-speaking participants at the WTG and analyze five research questions linked to how (1) health, (2), satisfaction with sports participation (3), perceived competence, (4) health as a benefit of sport participation (5), and impaired health as a cost of sports participation, are related to psychological factors in sports. There were a total of 253 participants with a mean age of 43.6 years, originating from seven English-speaking nations. Four validated psychological questionnaires were used, as well as a screening of background data of the group. The main characteristics of the English-speaking population were university educated middle age men with kidney transplants, who had participated in athletics at a rather high competitive level before the transplant. The main statistical findings particularly showed that satisfaction with sport participation, perceived health and health as a benefit were the dependent variables that explained most of the variance in the analysis. In conclusion, perceived competence, enjoyment and health seem to be critical psychological factors that essentially act as prime motivating factors behind participation in games such as WTG, and ultimately lead to a sense of psychological well-being among the participants. Finally, there is a discussion of future research, as well as the practical value of the results.

  • 121.
    Johnson, Urban
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI).
    Parker, James
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science, The Rydberg Laboratory for Applied Sciences (RLAS). Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI), Health and Sport.
    Ivarsson, Andreas
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI).
    Perceived challenges during participation in a six month outdoor gym exercise programme: participants reflections2019In: Abstract book: The 15th European Congress of Sport and Exercise Psychology – Building the Future of Sport and Exercise Psychology / [ed] B. Strauss et al., 2019, p. 62-62Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background and objective: Research has demonstrated positive associations between park-based outdoor gyms and physical activity (Rung et al., 2011). Few studies have evaluated potential challenges with outdoor gyms on physical activity, especially interventions using smartphone Apps (Johnson et al., 2019). The purpose was to study the participant’s perceived challenges during participation in a six-month outdoor gym program.

    Methods: Ten participants (age = 50.3, SD = 9.2), with low levels of physical activity were interviewed at the end of the six-month intervention (male = 2; female =8). At the start of the intervention participants received a smartwatch and the “ParkStark” exercise app, along with an individual motivational interviewing coaching sessions.

    Results/findings: A thematic content analysis of the interview data generated three core themes of perceived challenges experienced during the intervention: negative life event stressors, problems managing the smartwatch and an exercise app, and, lack of motivation. The results indicated both structural and personal challenges, likely to have a negative effect on the adherence to the intervention protocol.

    Conclusions: It is important to develop simple and user-friendly communication systems. When designing outdoor gyms, it is recommended to organize opportunity for continuous communication with significant others to facilitate motivation and adherence for sustainable exercise.

  • 122.
    Jonasson, Mikael
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI), The Wigforss Group.
    Introducing work, welfare, and qualitative studies of health2014In: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being, ISSN 1748-2623, E-ISSN 1748-2631, Vol. 9, no 1, p. 1-2Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Halmstad University’s profile as the University of Innovation consists of the strong area of Health and Lifestyle. As many European societies are characterized by societal challenges, this strong area will turn out to be an area of research that has strong future relevance. Challenges related to an aging population, increased mental illness among young people, marginalization of disabled people, and the issues related to working life and health will be monitored by researchers within work and welfare with the help of qualitative studies.

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  • 123.
    Jonsson, Linus
    et al.
    Department of Food and Nutrition and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Fröberg, Andreas
    Department of Food and Nutrition and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Korp, Peter
    Department of Food and Nutrition and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Larsson, Christel
    Department of Food and Nutrition and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Berg, Christina
    Department of Food and Nutrition and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Lindgren, Eva-Carin
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI). Department of Food and Nutrition and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Possibilities and Challenges in Developing and Implementing an Empowerment-based School-Intervention in a Swedish Disadvantaged Community2020In: Health Promotion International, ISSN 0957-4824, E-ISSN 1460-2245, Vol. 35, no 2, p. 232-243, article id daz021Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper, we describe and critically reflect on the possibilities and challenges of developing and implementing an empowerment-based school intervention regarding healthy food and physical activity (PA), involving participants from a Swedish multicultural area characterized by low socioeconomic status. The 2-year intervention was continually developed and implemented, as a result of cooperation and shared decision making among researchers and the participants. All 54 participants were seventh graders, and the intervention comprised health coaching, health promotion sessions and a Facebook group. We experienced that participants valued collaborating with peers, and that they took responsibility in codeveloping and implementing the intervention. Participants expressed feeling listened to, being treated with respect and taken seriously. However, we also experienced a number of barriers that challenged our initial intentions of aiding participation and ambition to support empowerment. Moreover, it was challenging to use structured group health coaching and to work with goal-setting in groups of participants with shared, and sometimes competing, goals, wishes and needs related to food and PA. Successful experiences from this intervention was the importance of acquiring a broad and deep understanding of the context and participants, being open to negotiating, as well as adjusting the intervention. © The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.

  • 124.
    Jormfeldt, Henrika
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI), Health and Nursing.
    Doyle, Louise
    School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
    Ellilä, Heikki
    University of Applied Science, Turku, Finland.
    Lahti, Mari
    University of Applied Science, Turku, Finland.
    Higgins, Agnes
    School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
    Keogh, Brian
    School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
    Meade, Oonagh
    School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England.
    Stickley, Theodore
    University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
    Sitvast, Jan
    University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
    Skärsäter, Ingela
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI).
    Kilkku, Nina
    University of Applied Sciences, Tampere, Finland.
    Master’s level mental health nursing competencies, a prerequisite for equal health among service users in mental health care2018In: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being, ISSN 1748-2623, E-ISSN 1748-2631, Vol. 13, no S1, article id 1502013Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: This discussion paper aims to explore the need of a clarified definition of master’s level mental health nursing competencies in terms of knowledge, skills and attitudes in a European context. Mental health service users have, in spite of their right to equal overall health, higher rates of physical illness and are more likely to experience premature death than the general population. Implementation of a holistic concept of health comprising mental, physical and social aspects of health in mental health services has previously proved to be challenging. Methods: Master’s level mental health nursing competencies in recent literature are discussed and illuminated in terms of knowledge, skills and attitudes in order to enable the promotion of equal overall health among service users in mental health services. Results: The discussion show contents, values and utility of master’s level mental health nursing competencies in mental health services and contribute to reduced role ambiguity by distinguishing master’s level responsibilities from undergraduate nursing tasks and obligations of other professionals in mental health care. Conclusion: This discussion paper shapes implications for developments in master’s level mental health nursing education curricula. © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

  • 125.
    Jormfeldt, Henrika
    et al.
    Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Svensson, Bengt
    Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Arvidsson, Barbro
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI).
    Hansson, Lars
    Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Dimensions and reliability of a questionnaire for the evaluation of subjective experiences of health among patients in mental health services2008In: Issues in Mental Health Nursing, ISSN 0161-2840, E-ISSN 1096-4673, Vol. 29, no 1, p. 51-62Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Even though the concept of health and its importance has been widely discussed in health care during recent decades, mental health services have been criticised for adopting a biomedical perspective, which does not sufficiently consider the concept of health. The aim of the present study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Health Questionnaire, a newly developed questionnaire to measure patients' subjective experience of health in mental health services. A cross sectional study was performed using a sample of 139 outpatients in mental health services. A principal component analysis with varimax rotation was used to test the factor structure of the questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha was employed to test internal consistency and Cohen's Kappa assessed test-retest reliability. The final scale, which contained 22 items, derived from three factors (autonomy, social involvement, and comprehensibility) and showed a good reliability in terms of internal consistency. Test-retest reliability was moderate or better for 17 out of 22 items. The Health Questionnaire may enable further empirical studies on subjectively experienced health in mental health services and serve as a measure of outcome and to monitor quality of care.

  • 126.
    Josefsson, Karin
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS), Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI).
    Lindwall, Magnus
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS), Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI).
    Motivation till motion och fysisk aktivitet2010In: Hälsa och Livsstil: forskning och praktiska tillämpningar / [ed] Lillemor Hallberg, Lund: Studentlitteratur , 2010, 1, p. 207-225Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 127.
    Josefsson, Therese
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS).
    Lundahl, Johanna
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS).
    Vad formar ungdomars attityd till rökning: En kvalitativ studie2010Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Objective:

    The aim of our study was to describe how young people's attitudes towards smoking emerge.

    Method:

    Six qualitative interviews were conducted with adolescents aged 14-15. Categories were developed through an analysis of interview transcripts.

    Results:

    It was found that young people's attitude is shaped partly by external factors such as smoking habits by related parties and partly by internal factors such as curiosity. Young people also felt that if cigarettes were as unhealthy as it is claimed they had neither manufactured nor sold. Young people described the smokers with words like tough and cool.

    Conclusion:

    Young people's attitude to smoking is shaped partly by their friends’ views and partly by their parents' attitude. Young people are living in the moment and therefore they do not consider the health risks when deciding to start smoking.

    Implication:

    Inform the parents that they should have a tough stance against tobacco. Create information material which explains why it is politically difficult to ban tobacco products. Further research is needed on how parents' smoking habits affect young people's attitudes to smoking.

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  • 128.
    Jónasdóttir, Sunna María
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    "I do not want my girls to become police officers": An interview study on how Icelandic female officers are feeling regarding to stress and stress related issues2021Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This study aims to describe how female police officers in Iceland manage stress, how they perceive stress both work related and in their private life. Eight Icelandic female police officers were interviewed. All the interviews took place in March 2020 and where conducted by the same researcher. A semi structured questionnaire was filled out during a telephone interview, assessing feelings of stress and the effects of stress both at work and in the private life. In the qualitative study the interviews were analysed using content data analysis. The gender perspective was used to gain deeper understanding of the participant’s feelings regarding their stress levels. Even with only 8 participants it was easy to recognize patterns of shared views and experiences regarding stress between these police officers. Therefore the study is probably large enough to give a good representation of Icelandic female police officers views on stress. According to this it is possible to say that the transferability is great. Doing a larger study of a similar kind would be interesting to obtain an even better understanding of the subject. Almost all of the participants were feeling stressed both at work and at home. Many of them thought that they had to do more than their male co-workers to feel equal to them. Most of them did not think that they would receive any help dealing with stress from their supervisors at work unless they would ask specifically for it themselves. Previous studies have shown that police officers work under very stressful circumstances and often say themselves that they feel stressed. There can be many harmful effects from stress on both health and wellbeing of individuals.

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  • 129.
    Karlsson, Amanda
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science, Biological and Environmental Systems (BLESS).
    Validering av det submaximala cykeltestet Ekblom-Bak för yngre och äldre män jämfört med det submaximala cykeltestet Åstrand2015Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: In today’s society the population is becoming more and more inactive and this is leading to an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and also to a low physical capacity. Physical inactivity is now classified as the fourth highest cause of premature death in the world. Physical capacity can be measured through aerobic capacity and the lower the aerobic capacity level, the lower the physical capacity will be. One way of measuring fitness is through a submaximal bicycle test, such as Åstrand or Ekblom-Bak. A submaximal test means that the test is performed on a workload that represents 60-80% of the persons maximal capacity and will be presented in both absolute and relative values, the latter takes bodyweight into account.

    Aim : This study is a validation of the submaximal bicycle test Ekblom-Bak set against Åstrand test, examining their correlation in testing of younger and older men. Further examining the absolute and relative values for the Åstrand and Ekblom-Bak tests in younger and older men.

    Methods: This study included 31 male subjects that where divided into two groups, younger (n=17, average age 25 (SD 2) years) and older (n=14, average age 49 (SD 7) years). The tests were performed on a Monark ergomedic model 818 E at the University of Halmstad, Sweden. Both tests results were obtained in absolute and relative values. Parametric statistic was used.    

    Results: The relative values for young men showed a moderate positive correlation and for older men a high positive correlation. The absolute values showed a week positive correlation, in young men, and a week negative correlation, in older men. The Ekblom-Bak test showed a lower standard deviation than the Åstrand test. The results show that older men have a lower VO2max, both for Åstrand and Ekblom-Bak test.

    Conclusion: This study shows that the relative values correlates higher between the submaximala bicycle tests Åstrand and Ekblom-Bak when testing younger and older men, while the absolute values showed contradictory results. Future studies should be on a larger number of subjects so that more data can be included.

  • 130.
    Karlsson, Jimmy
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS).
    Intag av frukt, grönsaker och fett och utförda kostinterventioner hos patienter med schizofreni: - En litteratustudie2013Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Patients with schizophrenia have significantly more overweigh tcompared to the rest of the society and has a increased prevalence and lifestyle related diseases and premature death, which can be related to bad dietary habits. The aim of the study was therefore to investigate schizophrenia patients fruit, vegetables and fat intake and compare to Livsmedelsverkets recommendations. The aim was also do describe what interventions are made to change schizophrenia patients dietary habits. Livsmedelsverket and guidelines to health promotion interventions was used as framework. The method was a systematic literature review where the article search was made both systematic thru databases and manually. The result was 22 articles, the articles dietary data regarding fat, fruit and vegetables was analyzed by a comparison with recommendations from Livsmedelsverket and articles interventions was analyzed with a manifest content analysis where categories were made. The results showed that it was an overintake of fat, especially percent of recommended total energy intake, and tendencies of underintake of fruit and vegetables. The performed interventions resulted in three categories: Strengthen the individual, Knowledge and participation and Weight loss focus. These represent the interventions early work to strengthen the individual and help them to change their own situation while simultaneous it was given low priority in the articles result and evaluation, where focus often laid on the possible weight loss. Patients with schizophrenia have bad dietary habits regarding fat, fruit and vegetables and interventions regarding a change of dietary habits and health promotion intervention is rarely evaluated. Further research is necessary regarding how changes of dietary habits, and other nutrients, may affect the health of patients with schizophrenia.

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  • 131.
    Karlsson, Marcus
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS).
    Varför stannar hon?: En litteraturstudie om mäns våld mot kvinnor2012Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: Male violence against women is a serious and widespread social problem. Research has shown that most women eventually leave a violent relationship. However, a large proportion of women in violent relationships decide to stay, despite the potentially on-going violence. Aim: The aim was to determine what affects a women’s decision to stay in a violent relationship. Method: The method that was used was a literature study. Data collection was performed through a systematic search of the databases PsycInfo and PubMed. Results: Four themes emerged from the analysis: Women's fears and feelings of guilt and shame; fear seems to be an important factor that keeps women remain in the relationship. Women’s feelings and experience of the man’s behavior; women’s strong feelings for the men and their ability to forgive the man’s behavior seems to affect the decision to stay. Women's experiences of violence and threats; women who have experienced violence in childhood tend to stay in a violent relationship. Violence in intimate relationship seemed to be both an obstacle and an explanation for leaving the relationship. Women's social context; children's wellbeing, lack of social support, financial dependence and social norms appears to influence a woman to stay in a violent relationship. Implication: Suggestions are given on different community arrangements in the form of financial aid and housing, which can help women who are in the process of leaving a violent relationship. In addition, suggestions are given on how future research can be improved.

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  • 132.
    Karlsson, Staffan
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI).
    Ziegert, Kristina
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI).
    Kristén, Lars
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI).
    Perspectives on equal health and well-being2018In: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being, ISSN 1748-2623, E-ISSN 1748-2631, Vol. 13, no 1, article id 1679589Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 133.
    Karlsson, Viktor
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS).
    Den Hälsosamma Individen: - En diskursanalytisk studie om Region Hallands folkhälsoförordningar2014Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Hälsoförordningar som presenteras i styrdokument är ett exempel på styrningsmentalitet och folkhälsoarbetets pedagogik, som avser förändra folkhälsan. Syftet med föreliggande studie var att synliggöra och analysera vilka diskurser om hälsoförordningar som framkommer i Region Hallands interna och externa styrdokument som behandlar mål, strategier, policyer och riktlinjer i det regionala folkhälsoarbetet för år 2014. Analysen av diskurser fokuserades kring individens identitetskonstruktion och subjektivation via maktstyrning från texternas innebörds- och interpersonella aspekter, i avseende att påvisa styrningsmentaliteter och hälsoförordningar som betydelsefulla bestämningsfaktorer för individers hälsa.

    Med kvalitativ diskursteori och Foucaldiansk textanalys har föreliggande studie analyserat 6st styrdokument, utgivna av Region Halland.

    Resultatet visar de fyra diskurser som kom till uttryck, genom dessa diskurser antyds det att regionala hälsoförordningar är mål- och vision -fokuserade om en god och jämlik hälsa för alla, där arbetet för att nå idyllen om det hälsosamma folket sker med proaktivt arbete och delaktighet mellan samhälleliga hälsopromotionsinsatser och individers egna levnadsval. Det anses att individens förändringar av levnadsvanor skapas i samklang med autonomi och hög kunskap, och arbetet förutsätter att hälsosamma alternativ finns tillgängliga och genomsyrar Hallands samhällsplanering, budget och samhällsvision. Uppsatsen präglas av en individfokuserad skildring i Regionens folkhälsoarbete, i uppsatsens avslutande diskussion lyfts däremot de textanalytiska diskurserna i ett högre skikt och problematiserar den möjliga samhälleliga konsekvens som diskurser kan ge och hur det kan tolkas ur ett nationellt perspektiv.

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  • 134.
    Kindblad, Christopher
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS), Center for Social Analysis (CESAM), Social Change, Learning and Social Relations (SLSR).
    Det sociala livets betydelse för hälsa och välbefinnande: En kulturbiologisk förståelse2010In: Hälsa och livsstil: Forskning och praktiska tillämpningar / [ed] Lillemor Hallberg, Lund: Studentlitteratur AB , 2010, p. 307-328Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 135.
    Kindblom, Ted
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Widell, Lisa
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Johansson, Linnéa
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Främjande av Health Literacy i kommuner: En kvalitativ studie om hälsoutvecklares erfarenheter2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Health literacy handlar om att som individ ha kunskap, motivation och kompetens att få tillgång till, förstå, bedöma och tillämpa hälsoinformation och fatta hälsosamma och hållbara beslut. Hälsofrämjande arbete är en förutsättning för att stärka health literacy. Kommunen spelar en nyckelroll i hälsofrämjande arbete eftersom den samlar olika aktörer med gemensamma mål. Därför är strategier och förankring inom kommunen nödvändiga för att möta utmaningar inom detta område. Syftet med studien är att belysa hur kommunanställda hälsoutvecklare beskriver att de arbetar hälsofrämjande med health literacy samt hur arbetet kan utvecklas i framtiden.Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med 14 hälsoutvecklare i skildakommuner. Resultatet visade att de använde sig av anpassade verktyg och strategier för att skapa lärtillfällen för individer och grupper. Resultatet visade även att tvärsektoriellt arbete är en nyckel för framgång. Vidare visade resultatet att reflektion och kritiskt tänkande var betydande verktygsamt att möjliggöra aktiviteter, som utöver det fysiska, främjade flera aspekter av hälsan. Utvecklingsmöjligheter ansågs bland annat vara mer integrerat hälsofrämjande arbete och resurser för att möjliggöra insatser.Slutsatsen som drogs var att ytterligare anpassade strategier och verktyg behöver utformas för att underlätta hälsoutvecklares arbete med health literacy, därigenom ges fler möjlighet att stärka sin och andras hälsa.

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  • 136.
    Kjellman, Cecilia
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS), Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI).
    Har plats betydelse för hälsa?2007In: Socialmedicinsk Tidskrift, ISSN 0037-833X, Vol. 84, no 3, p. 205-211Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 137.
    Klemedtson, Agnes
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    ”Jag tycker det är coolt att man kan gå från att inte tycka att träning är kul alls till att faktiskt typ älska det.”: Upplevelser av långvarigt regelbundet deltagande i fysisk aktivitet hos ungdomar som har eller har haft obesitas2021Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: Obesity is a major problem on a national and global level. Adolescent obesity may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes in young and old age. Even the risk of experiencingdepression, low self-esteem, reduced quality of lifeand weight stigma increases. Physical activity may contribute with many health benefits for adolescents with obesity. Aim: The aim of the study was to explore the experiences adolescents who have or who have had obesityhad of participation in physical activity in a long-term community-based facility.

    Method: Nine adolescents (5 girls, 4 boys) with an age from 13 to 18 years participated in semi structuredinterviews. The participants were physically active in a community-based facilityand had been physical active regulatory in one to six years.A qualitative content analysis was done with an inductive approach.

    Result: Three categories emerged:1) to experience joy of movement; 2) to experience impact of the group;3) to experience progress. The joy of the physical activityand the opportunity to meet friendswerethe reasonsthe adolescents were participating in the facility. The group were supportive, inclusive and everybody were nice to each other. Participation in the physical activities led to weight loss, better well-being and the adolescents felt stronger in generalthan before their participation.

    Conclusion: When the right circumstances is available adolescents who are or have been obese like to perform physical activity. Joy in physical activity appears when adolescents candecidethe intensity by themselves, when they get to exercise with friends with similar experiences and when they get to be a part of a safe group. The adolescent’svalue non-competitivephysical activities.

  • 138.
    Koslander, Tiburtius
    et al.
    Department of Nursing Health and Culture, University Trollhättan, Uddevalla, Sweden.
    Arvidsson, Barbro
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS), Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI).
    How the spiritual dimension is addressed in psychiatric patient-nurse relationships2005In: Journal of Advanced Nursing, ISSN 0309-2402, E-ISSN 1365-2648, Vol. 51, no 6, p. 558-566Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim. This paper reports a study describing nurses' conceptions of how the spiritual dimension is addressed in psychiatric patient–nurse relationships.

    Background. In psychiatric care, it is essential that patient–nurse relationships be built on a holistic view. In this context, nursing research shows that there is a lack of integration of the spiritual dimension.

    Method. Twelve strategically selected psychiatric nurses were interviewed and analysed using a phenomenographic approach. The data were collected in 2003.

    Findings. The main findings were three descriptive categories: being a good carer, recognizing the spiritual dimension, and regarding the spiritual dimension as difficult to capture in patient–nurse relationships. The first descriptive category shows that nurses deal with spirituality by behaving as good carers. Those included in the second descriptive category reveal nurses who are aware of patients' spiritual needs and who deal with these needs in different ways. The third descriptive category consists of conceptions revealing lack of knowledge of patients' spiritual needs, both in abstract and real terms.

    Conclusions. Further research is needed to explore how patients describe their own spiritual needs, and how nursing staff can learn to be aware of and understand their own spirituality, thus enabling them to detect, discuss, clarify and deal with the concept of spirituality in patient–nurse relationships.

  • 139.
    Kristensson, Linda
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS).
    Hälsofrämjande insatser för att förebygga psykisk ohälsa och suicid inom skolor i Region Halland: – en kvantitativ studie2011Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Hos barn och ungdomar är psykisk ohälsa ett stort folkhälsoproblem och de senaste 20 åren har de psykiska problemen ökat. Suicid har minskat de senaste decennierna i Sverige men ändå är suicid den vanligaste dödsorsaken bland män i åldersgruppen 15-44 år och bland kvinnor i denna åldersgrupp är det den näst vanligaste dödsorsaken. Fyra flickor, i åldern 1-14 år, begick suicid i Sverige år 2008. a aSyftet med studien var att undersöka vilka insatser som görs under skoltid för att förebygga psykisk ohälsa och suicid hos elever. Ett annat syfte var att undersöka sambandet mellan antalet insatser och skolpersonalens inställning och kunskap om psykisk hälsa och suicid. Metoden var kvantitativ med en elektronisk enkät för datainsamling. De flesta skolor hade förebyggande insatser för eleverna. Vanliga insatser var mobbingförebyggande (79 %), självkänslan (75 %), sociala färdigheter (75 %), självförtroende (74 %) och problemlösning (72 %). Inga statistiska signifikanta samband hittades mellan om respondenterna arbetade på en skola med högt antal insatser och om de hade kunskapen att upptäcka elever som mår dåligt, om kunskapen var införskaffad genom yrkesutbildningen samt om de anser att skolan hade ansvar för elevernas psykiska hälsa. Fler studier om förebyggande insatser i skolan behövs.

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  • 140.
    Lagergren, M.
    et al.
    Stockholm Geronotology Research Centre.
    Fratiglioni, L.
    Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institute.
    Hallberg, I. R.
    Lund University.
    Berglund, J.
    Blekinge Institute for Research and Development, Karlskrona.
    Elmståhl, S.
    Lund University.
    Hagberg, B.
    Lund University.
    Holst, G.
    Blekinge Institute for Research and Development, Karlskrona.
    Rennemark, Mikael
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI).
    Sjölund, B. M.
    Nordanstig Municipality, Bergsjö.
    Thorslund, M.
    Aging Research Centre, Karolinska Institute.
    Wiberg, I.
    Region Skåne, Kristianstad.
    Winblad, B.
    Karolinska Institute, Stockholm.
    Wimo, A.
    Karolinska Institute, Stockholm.
    A longitudinal study integrating population, care and social services data: The Swedish National study on Aging and Care (SNAC)2004In: Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, ISSN 1594-0667, E-ISSN 1720-8319, Vol. 16, no 2, p. 158-168Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background and aims:

    A large, national, long-term, longitudinal, multi-purpose study has been launched in Sweden - the Swedish National study on Aging and Care (SNAC). The study involves four research centers collecting data in four different areas of Sweden.

    Methods:

    The study consists of two parts: the population part and the care and services part. In the population part, a large, representative panel of elders in different age cohorts is followed over time to record and describe the aging process from different aspects. In the care and services part, a systematic, longitudinal, individually-based collection of data is performed concerning provision of care and services together with functional ability, specific health care problems, and living conditions of the recipients living in the area.

    Resuits:

    The data collection in the population part of the SNAC is not yet completed. In the present article, some preliminary results are reported from the care and services part. These pertain to comparisons between the participating areas with respect to the prevalence of disability among those receiving care and social services in their ordinary homes and those receiving care in special accommodation. A comparison is also presented with regard to the amount of home help provided to subjects with a given disability.

    Conclusions:

    This project has several advantages. It is expected to generate a rich data base relevant for future research on aging and care and to have a direct impact on the future Swedish system of care and services for the elderly.

  • 141.
    Lahti, M.
    et al.
    Health and Well-being, Turku University of Applied Science, Turku, Finland.
    Elliä, H.
    Health and Well-being, Turku University of Applied Science, Turku, Finland.
    Jormfeldt, Henrika
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI), Health and Nursing.
    Skärsäter, Ingela
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI).
    Doyle, L.
    School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
    Higgins, A.
    School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
    Keogh, B.
    School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
    Meade, O.
    Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
    Stickley, T.
    Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
    Sitvast, J.
    Department of health care, University of Applied Sciences HU, Utrecht, Netherlands.
    Kilkku, N.
    School of health care and social services, Tampere University of Applied Sciences, Tampere, Finland.
    The required knowledge for lifespan mental health promotion and prevention for Master’s level mental health nurse education – the eMenthe project2018In: International Journal of Health Promotion and Education, ISSN 1463-5240, E-ISSN 2164-9545, Vol. 56, no 3, p. 143-154Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this study, we address the kind of knowledge that is required for Master’s level nurse education for lifespan mental health promotion and prevention. Data were collected through structured interviews (N = 109). The interviews were conducted across five European countries. The data were analysed using a thematic content analysis approach. The findings show that Master’s level nurse education needs knowledge related to lifespan issues. Needs were raised in several issues like importance of increasing skills and knowledge of mental health workers. We conclude that there is a need to emphasise the knowledge required for mental health promotion and prevention for Master’s level nursing education across Europe. © 2018 Institute of Health Promotion and Education.

  • 142.
    Larsson, Ellinor
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Ungdomars känsla av sammanhang i en digitaliserad värld: en kvalitativ studie2022Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    It is just as common to meet digitally as in real life in today's society. Adolescents spend a lot of time in front of the screen and are involved in various social media and other forums. By examining adolescents' digital sense of coherence based on comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness, increased knowledge in the field can strengthen adolescents' health from a salutogenic perspective. The study aimed to explore adolescents' experiences of comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness in a digitalized world. Data were collected through a focus group interview of four people and three individual interviews. An abductive qualitative thematic analysis was conducted based on comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness. The results showed that adolescents' digital sense of coherence was perceived as comprehensible based on correspondence with the reality, manageable through good self-esteem and ability to distance themselves, and meaningful by feeling community and participation. The adolescents' experienced a digital sense of coherence. The study results should be considered for developing health promotion work to strengthen adolescents' resilience resources and sense of coherence.

  • 143.
    Larsson, Joakim
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS).
    Bergkvist, Anders
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS).
    En kartläggning av gymnasieelevers motiv för och emot deltagande i fysisk aktivitet2010Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med denna studie var att göra en kartläggning av ungdomars motiv till deltagande respektive icke deltagande i projektet Idrottslyftet och annan organiserad respektive icke-organiserad fysisk aktivitet. Ett pilotprojekt med Idrottslyftet - som har till syfte att få fler barn och ungdomar att börja idrotta och få fler att idrotta längre upp i åldrarna -genomfördes på elprogrammet vid en gymnasieskola. En enkätstudie genomfördes för att få fram svar på frågor som varför ungdomarna är fysiskt aktiva, vilka motiv som finns för att hoppa av och att sluta vara fysiskt aktiv i någon form av organiserad fysisk aktivitet och hur de ser på sin hälsa. Resultatet visade att två tredjedelar av eleverna deltog i projektet och en tredjedel deltog inte. De elever som deltog i projektet var mer fysiskt aktiva på sin fritid. Vilken form av fysisk aktivitet som utövades (i en förening, utanför en förening eller inte alls) påverkade hur eleverna upplevde sitt hälsotillstånd. De som var aktiva i en förening var också de som uppgav bäst hälsotillstånd. Ungdomarna rangordnade att må bättre och att det var roligt högst som anledningar att vara fysiskt aktiv. Rangordningen av motiv för att sluta vara fysiskt aktiv i någon organiserad form av fysisk aktivitet på fritiden var först att det inte var roligt längre och att de inte hade tid.

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  • 144.
    Larsson, Mareike
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Gustafsson, Therese
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Konsten att skapa en god arbetsmiljö: En kvalitativ studie utifrån högskolechefers perspektiv2018Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur chefer upplever arbetsmiljö samt lärande på arbetsplatsen. Denna studie har en kvalitativ ansats och grundar sig på fyra deltagare från en högskolas chefer från olika akademier, med fyra genomförda, strukturerade intervjuer. De chefer som deltog hade sedan tidigare erfarenhet av olika ledarskapsroller samt arbetat på högskolan i flera decennier. För genomförandet av studien inspirerades forskarna av kvalitativ innehållsanalys för tolkningar av intervjuerna. Intervjuer genomfördes både verbalt samt digitalt. De teoretiska begrepp som användes för tolkning av studiens resultat var; Det salutogena perspektivet, KASAM, organisatoriskt lärande, kollektivt lärande, informellt- och formellt lärande. Resultatet som framkom i denna forskningsstudie var att samtliga chefer upplever god och trivsam arbetsmiljö och anser stöd från både kollegor samt HR som mycket god. Krav, mål och visioner är något cheferna ständigt måste förhålla sig till. De senaste decennierna har kraven ökat, vilket lett till att allt fler chefer upplever stor tidsbrist för att följa upp det som förvänta uppfyllas på arbetsplatsen. I intervjuerna framkom även att cheferna hade olika synsätt på hälsa, hur de förhåller sig till lärandet på arbetsplatsen samt hur de upplever att ha flera roller samtidigt som chef, lärare samt forskare. Känsla av sammanhang samt kontinuerligt lärande tycks vara en förutsättning för en god arbetsmiljö, ökad trivsel samt ökad gemenskap på arbetsplatsen. Som slutsats anser vi utifrån ett pedagogiskt perspektiv att arbeta hälsofrämjande och uppmärksamma att vara hänsynstagande av medarbetares behov för en trygg och stabil arbetsplats är prioriterade. Det övervägande resultatet av denna studie handlar om gemenskap, att avsätta tid för sina kollegor, samtala och skapa en god arbetsrelation med varandra. Det i sin tur ökar upplevda arbetsmiljön och lärandet som utmynnar i en bättre hälsa.

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  • 145.
    Lexén, Annika
    et al.
    Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Kåhlin, Ida
    Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Erlandsson, Lena-Karin
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI).
    Håkansson, Carita
    Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Occupational health among swedish occupational therapists: A cross-sectional study2020In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, ISSN 1661-7827, E-ISSN 1660-4601, Vol. 17, no 10, article id 3379Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The Swedish public sector is facing great challenges in recruiting and retaining healthcare professionals, due to increasing sick leave numbers. The aim of this study was to describe Swedish occupational therapists’ occupational health in terms of risk factors in the social and organizational work environment, occupational balance, and work-related mental health problems. A web survey was emailed to all working members of the Swedish Association of Occupational Therapists (n = 7600) and 3658 answered the survey. The web survey included questions on sociodemographic characteristics, social and organizational environment, occupational balance, and work-related health. The occupational therapists in general rated their workload as high, which was described as leading to increased stress, difficulties doing a good job, and increased job turnover. They also reported having difficulties maintaining occupational balance. Almost a fifth reported having symptoms related to mild incipient exhaustion or a pronounced exhaustion disorder. Almost 60 percent reported having, during the last year, seriously considered seeking new employment as an occupational therapist and 35 percent had seriously intended to leave their profession. In conclusion, there is an urgent need to improve the work situation of occupational therapists. If not, increases in mental health problems, sick leave and job turnover rates may seriously jeopardize the welfare system by eroding healthcare. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

  • 146.
    Licina, Edin
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS).
    Zejnelagic, Sead
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS).
    Motiv till tonåringars alkoholvanor: En litteraturstudie2012Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Bakgrund:I tonåren gör alkoholen sin debut bland tonåringar och för många innebär detta berusningar som kan leda till farliga komplikationer. Syftet med studien var att undersöka vilka orsaker det fanns till att tonåringar brukade alkohol. Metod: Studien genomfördes som en litteraturstudie där den innehöll 22 vetenskapliga artiklar från databaserna Pubmed och SciVerse Scopus. De vetenskapliga artiklarna var begränsade från 1990 till 2011. En temaanalys användes där tonåringarnas orsaker till alkoholkonsumtion delades in i tre kategorier vilka är det sociala nätverkets betydelse, alkohol för att döva bekymmer och berusning ger positiva känslor. Resultat: Några av orsakerna till att tonåringarna brukade alkohol var för att de ville komma bort från sina personliga problem, för att umgås med vännerna och för att slappna av. Den främsta orsaken till konsumtionen hos tonåringarna var för de tyckte att det var kul och gav en behaglig känsla. Implikation: Det finns inte tillräckligt med studier och det krävs fler undersökningar inom detta område som kan förklara orsakerna till att tonåringar dricker alkohol. Allt fler tonåringar börjar dricka och detta bör förhindras eller minskas genom att ungdomar får undervisning om alkoholens påverkan samt att reklam om alkohol förbjuds på TV.

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  • 147.
    Liljebjörn, Niklas
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI), Sport Health and Physical activity.
    Mattsson, Mattsson
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI), Sport Health and Physical activity.
    Unga vuxnas upplevelse av mobilapplikationer som medel för att främja hälsan2015Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Bakgrund: Idag har smartphones har vuxit fram till att bli nyckelkomponenter inom utbildning och underhållning, samtidigt som det är ett bra verktyg för att kommunicera med vänner och på så sätt främja den psykiska hälsan. Smartphones har också utvecklats så de kan användas som medel för att främja den fysiska hälsan hos individer.

    Syfte : Syftet var att beskriva hur unga vuxna (18-25 år) upplever hälsofrämjande

    mobilapplikationer som medel för att främja hälsan.

    Metod : För att besvara studiens syfte valdes en kvalitativ forskningsdesign med intervjuer. Informanterna bestod av åtta studenter från en Högskola i sydvästra Sverige. Informanterna fick besvara ett tiotal frågor utifrån en frågeguide. Datan samlades in genom snöbollsteknik och det färdiga resultatet framställdes i kategorier med tillhörande underkategorier.

    Resultat : Resultatet presenterades utifrån följande kategorier: Ökad motivation till  hälsofrämjande aktiviteter , Ointresse för teknik och media och Bristande kunskap och behov med tillhörande underkategorier; Inre motivation samt Yttre motivation. Ointresse och För komplicerat , och slutliget Kunskapskälla och Bristande behov. Informanterna uppgav att det fanns ett ointresse för mobilapplikationer som medel för att främja hälsan, istället fick de motivation och kunskap från sin sociala omgivning samt internet.

    Implikation : Genom att applicera användarnas åsikter om att förenkla innehållet samtidigt som vidare forskning sker, kan också användandet av mobilapplikationer som hälsofrämjande medel, öka om applikationsutvecklarna lyckas möta användarnas behov.

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    Liljebjörn&Mattsson-Unga vuxnas upplevelse av mobilapplikationer som medel för att främja hälsan
  • 148.
    Lindgren, Eva-Carin
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS), Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI).
    Baigi, Amir
    Section of Primary Health Care, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg.
    Apitzsch, Erwin
    Department of Psychology, Lund University.
    Bergh, Håkan
    Research and Development Unit (R&D) General Practice and Public Health, Halland County Council, Falkenberg.
    Impact of a 6-month empowerment-based exercise intervention programme in non-physically active adolescent Swedish girls2010In: Health Education Journal, ISSN 0017-8969, E-ISSN 1748-8176, Vol. 70, no 1, p. 9-20Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: This study evaluated changes in self-efficacy in non-physically active adolescent girls (13–19 years old) who participated in a six-month, empowerment-based exercise intervention programme (EIP).

    Design: The study used a pre- and post-test randomized group design and included one pre- and one post-test (at six months) and non-physically active adolescent girls (N = 110) were assigned to an intervention group (n = 54) or a comparison group (n = 56).

    Setting: Two upper secondary schools and five secondary schools, located in the low socio-economic areas of two communities in southern Sweden were involved in the study.

    Method: The Swedish version of a 10-item General Self-efficacy Scale (GSES) and the Social Barriers to Exercise Self-efficacy Questionnaire (SPBESQ) were used. In addition, BMI and results from a physical fitness test were measured. For statistical analysis, the Mann-Whitney U-test and the Wilcoxon’s matched-pairs signed-rank test were used.

    Results: Analysis showed a statistically significant difference in GSES scores (p = 0.037) between the groups after the EIP was implemented. Girls in the intervention group had increased their levels of general perceived self-efficacy (p = 0.004). Both groups increased their level of physical fitness (intervention, p = 0.06 and control, p = 0.013). BMI increased in the control group (p = 0.031).

    Conclusions: The EIP had an impact on adolescent girls’ general perceived self-efficacy and can be regarded as an outcome of empowerment that indicates the development of the adolescent girls’ ability to effectively deal with a variety of stressful situations in general.

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  • 149.
    Lindgren, Eva-Carin
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS), Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI).
    Baigi, Amir
    Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Göteborg University, Göteborg.
    Bergh, Håkan
    Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Göteborg University, Göteborg.
    The impact of an empowerment based exercise programme for non-physically active adolsecent girls on social physique anxiety as well as general and specific self-efficiacy2009Conference paper (Refereed)
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    SUMMARY01
  • 150.
    Lindgren, Eva-Carin
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS), Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI).
    Eriksson, Linn
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS), Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI).
    Fanatiska levnadsvanor för hälsa eller kroppsligt utseende?2010In: Hälsa & Livsstil: Forskning & praktiska tillämpningar / [ed] Lillemor Hallberg, Lund: Studentlitteratur , 2010, p. 227-240Chapter in book (Other academic)
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