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  • 1.
    Papachristou, Georgios
    Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET).
    The effects of an active re-warm-up protocol during the half time of a competitive soccer game on sprint, agility & jump performance of male amateur soccer players.2013Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 60 credits / 90 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background. Pre-game warm-up routines are a common component of soccer. Warm-up prior to a high-demand sport as soccer, has demonstrated positive effects in the physiological responses of athletes, as well as their performance. The rise of muscle and core temperature stimulates a number of physical mechanisms, responsible for many proposed benefits in performance. The lower activity pattern of soccer players observed during the initial phase of the second half, is attributed- among other possible reasons- to remaining passive during the 15 min half time, as re-warm-up is not usually implemented before the beginning of the second half of a soccer game. Objectives. The purpose of this study was to investigate if an active re-warm-up protocol is more beneficial than no warm-up during half time on the physiological soccer-specific performance indicators; sprint, agility and vertical jump. Methods. 11 male amateur soccer players participated in a 3-occasion test, conducted in a lab setting and an indoor sports hall. Participants were submitted in the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test (level 1), to estimate their maximum aerobic capacity. For the other 2 test occasions, participants performed a cross-over design test, which included remaining passive (PS) and performing a 5 min active re-warm-up (RW), during half time. Identical experimental procedures were used for the other 2 occasions, including a regular pre-game warm-up, a 46.11 min simulation of one half of a competitive soccer game on a motorized treadmill, as well as sprint (10 m-20 m-30 m), agility and counter movement jump (CMJ) tests, before (baseline values) and 15 min after the simulation (second half values). Blood lactate, rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and weight loss after the simulation, as well as heart rate (HR) during the simulation, were also measured. Results. Participants’ estimated maximum aerobic capacity was 52.8±2.9 (ml· kg-1 ·min-1). Subjects’ performance decreased (p<0.01) after PS in all the performance tests. However, performance was maintained to baseline levels with the exception of agility which was improved after RW (p=0.047). Moreover, subjects performed better in all the tests after RW compared to PS (PSdiff  and RWdiff) (p<0.01). Similar was the effect of the treadmill simulation on the subjects on both occasions, since there were no differences between PS and RW in blood lactate (p=0.61), RPE (p=0.50), weight loss (p=0.26) and HR (p=0.80). Conclusion. Our results demonstrate that an active re-warm-up of 5 min during the half time of a competitive soccer game has beneficial effects on the sprint, agility, and jump performance of soccer players in the initial phase of the second half compared to no warm-up.

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