This book is based on the collaborative work and experience from Swedish researchers in an new and promising field of scientific and management oriented inquiry: guided tours. The book represents a wide range of scientific perspectives such as organizational theory, human geography, architecture, ethnology and technology.

The chapters are divided into three themes: Guided tours as a phenomenon, Guided tours and guidebooks and finally Guided tours: their production, content and use. And your guides - the authors - will provide various kinds of insights. We will follow the history of guidebooks and their followers, experience the smell of sage and find out how a guided tour at a construction site can be performed. Let's take a walk...

This paper argues that the spread of free market economics throughout the world has generated unprecedented inequalities within and between nation states. This has led to the systematic exclusion of people with perceived impairments from the mainstream of economic and community life in almost all societies, the generation of an international disabled people’s movement, and their demand for legal frameworks with which to address the multiple deprivations encountered by people viewed as ‘disabled’. It is argued that the poverty and exclusion encountered by disabled people and other oppressed groups in all societies will not be eliminated without fundamental structural change at the international level

The aim of this study is to explore different forms of unpleasant design in public and semi-public spaces and what potential consequences such design may have on different social groups. The results are based on focused observations of the physical designs themselves, primarily in Gothenburg, Sweden, in triangulation with text analysis of official documentations of land use and zoning plans.

The findings indicate that a variety of designs were used throughout the observed public and semi-public spaces, some of which can be seen as unpleasant. Most of the observed seating options were located within privatised businesses, signalling the need to be a consumer to use these semi-public spaces. Semi-public spaces that are inaccessible during the night as well as anti-skate obstacles were other observed designs that targeted a certain group or behaviour. Four social groups were found to be more of a target or sufferer of the designs: the homeless, people with disabilities, the destitute, and skateboarders. In contradiction to previous research a substantial amount of the observed designs can be perceived as inclusive rather than only exclusionary.

This article contributes to the debate on entrepreneurs’ role in societies as well as the consequences of rural embeddedness and engagement, or the role of farmers in rural development and entrepreneurship. A contextualized view of farmers embedded—both spatially and positionally— in the entrepreneurial ecosystems is applied. The study, based on interviews with 24 farmers, 6 observations, and 8 interviews with actors within the agricultural support system, uses the Gioia methodology for analysis, thus enabling inductive theorizing. We find that farmers’ multifunctional role and their impact on societal development are central to understanding farmers’ entrepreneurial endeavours as well as their engagement in the entrepreneurial ecosystem. Hence, this article discusses farmers’ embeddedness in rural society and development processes. It highlights the multifunctional role of farmers in society, which we argue make them enablers for rural development, an important role that has been overlooked in both entrepreneurship research and policy work.

Sammanfattning

Syftet med uppsatsen var att undersöka vilka uppfattningar flickor och pojkar hade om sina kunskaper i geografi. Utifrån att allt som vi som individer möter påverkas våra kunskaper, har jag studerat om det fanns något förhållande mellan geografiska kunskaper, lek-, media- och resvanor och kön. Det empiriska materialet utgår från en enkätundersökning utförd på fyra klasser i årskurs nio. Eleverna fick besvara frågor om sina lek- media- och resvanor och frågor på natur- och kulturgeografi med antagandet att de tillgodogjort sig mål att uppnå i geografi. Analysen av resultatet, med utgångspunkter i beräknandet av chi2-värdet och i genuskontraktet och genussystemet, visade på att en kvalitativ skillnad mellan pojkars och flickors lek- och mediavanor reflekteras i deras geografiska kunskaper. Resultatet visade också att flertalet elever tycktes ha stora brister i geografi.

HCI research on mobility and transport has been dominated by a focus on the automobile. Yet urgent environmental concerns, along with new transport technologies, have created an opportunity for new ways of thinking about how we get from A to B. App-based services, innovations in electric motors, along with changing urban transport patterns, are transforming public transit. Technology is creating new collective transit services, as well as new ways for individuals to move, such as through rental, free-floating e-scooters, so called 'micro-mobility'. This workshop seeks to discuss and establish HCI perspectives on these new mobilities - engaging with and even inventing new modes of transport, fostering collaboration between scholars with varied topical interests around mobility. We seek to bring together a group of industry and academic collaborators, bringing new competences to HCI around the exciting opportunities of redesigning our contemporary mobilities. © 2020 Owner/Author.

ISBN: 978-099813314-0

Volume Editor: Bui T.X.

Denna licentiatavhandling, Klungan och barndomens sociala rum, diskuterar den samtida heterogena barndomen utifrån analyser av barns informella fotbollsspel på rasten i skolan. Det empiriska exemplet rastfotboll analyseras med begrepp som rum, genus och gränsöverskridande. Rumsanalys av rastfotbollen ger exempel på hur traditionella könshierarkier reproduceras, omformas och utmanas i löst organiserade former av idrott. Perspektiven i studien hämtas från barndomssociologi, idrottsvetenskap, kulturgeografi, filosofi och genusforskning. Barndomens komplexitet skapas av att logiker från olika sociala rum – t.ex. familj, skola och idrott – samexisterar och motsägs. Det tvärvetenskapliga angreppssättet och tillhörigheten till det flerdisciplinära forskningsprojektet Mångkontextuell barndom gör studien till ett exempel på det den avser att beskriva: gränsöverskridanden och flöden i en heterogen verklighet.

This is a semi-philosophical inquiry into the subject of a Dry Martini, which is well known as an alcoholic drink. It is not truly a philosophical inquiry since I am not a philosopher. I am a geographer. The history of the American drink is rather murky. Some say that the town of Martinez in California invented the drink during the mid-1800s Gold Rush. When there was no Champagne to celebrate the good fortune in finding gold, the bartender insisted on something made from the ingredients he had on hand. There is also an assertion that it originated from New York’s Knickerbocker Hotel, named after Martini & Rossi vermouth, which was first created in the mid-1800s.

Christiania is a controversial place for alternative living and an important tourist place. As such, the place performs different types of images and ideologies. The purpose with this study is to use the guided tour as a tool for exploring the relation between the multiple voices performing the place of Christiania as a complex discursive and embodied place and niche branding processes.

The attempt of this paper is to investigate the practice of guiding tourists through the city. The study shows that guiding is more than just informing of a crowd. Instead, guiding is viewed as a performance of playful, but yet serious animations of known and unknown elements from now and then, here and there, inside and outside, and as creative compositions of time-spaces. When the guide operates in, points at places, and performs places, the group produces places through co-optive making in moments of shared group experience. Guiding, as a practice of representing, making and co-making, also allows for displacements, connections, intersections and hybrids of different time-spaces.

Rural migration is important in any process of rural economic development.  The attraction of immigrants to rural places in Sweden are part of trends that involve a specific set of discursive elements that are being co-produced and co-performed by actors represented in magazines and reality series with a rural theme.  The aim of this paper is to analyze how discourses on attractive living in rural places are co-performed and co-produced in one Swedish lifestyle magazine about country living and in one British reality show, Country Living (Lantliv) and Escape to the country (Comeford, 2002-; Edensor, 2006; Gustafsson, 2008; Jonasson & Scherle, 2012; Normann & Ramirez, 1993; Prahalad & Ramaswamy, 2004; Ramirez, 1999; Sventelius, 2009-2011; Wikström, 1996; Woods, 2010).  These co-produced performances use existing social and geographical structures, such as gender, entrepreneurship and nature-culture categories, and at the same time actors are trying to balance them in such ways that they co-perform an attractive living in the countryside. Copyright © eContent Management Pty Ltd.

The aim of this paper is to discuss co-productive and collaborative processes in rural housing construction in Sweden. The ‘wicked problem’ addressed here is why it is so difficult to build new homes in Swedish rural areas. Our analysis shows that horizontally organised competences may be used in order to form innovative and creative spaces for dialogues around the realisation of house building. These spaces for dialogues are transformed into collaborative and coproductive social events for reconfiguring thoughts and actions in relation to ‘wicked problems’. Using Fagered, Sweden, as a case study, our results show that timing, as well as understanding the motivation of local groups and acknowledging the slowness of planning processes, are crucial for making change. © 2016 Taylor & Francis

This report describes the results from a pre-study of innovative principles for social collaboration when designing roads. Expected results were to know more about road use from a social perspective, in order to develop road design that supports desired behavior with reference to traffic safety- and accessibility aspects of the proposition of transport politics. Continued research will aim at further understanding of social elements and their integration into road design.

Rapporten behandlar förstudie samt fortsatta studier om innovativadesignprinciper för social samverkan vid vägutformning. Förstudiensförväntade resultat har varit att få kännedom om väganvändning samt ansatser för att genom vägutformningen stödja önskvärt beteende med utgångspunkt från trafiksäkerhets- och tillgänglighetsaspekterna i den transportpolitiska propositionen. Syftet med förstudien har varit att få veta mer om hur väganvändning går till samt att konstruktivt reflektera över hur trafikplanering och vägutformningen kan underlätta väganvändningen och förstärka det sociala samspelet.

Rapporten belyser vilka sätt Deleuzes begrepp ”intensities”, intensiteter, skulle kunna användas för att förstå såväl generell stimulans av regional utveckling, och som ett specifikt begreppsligt verktyg för utveckling av upplevelsebaserat organisations- och produkttänk i glesa strukturer.3 Intensiteter innebär här ett tillstånd av ontologisk instabilitet vilket uppstår som en följd av att en förändringsprocess startar. Ett intensivt tillstånd utgör alltså ett litet men viktigt element i en innovations- eller förändringsprocess där ett perspektiv på tingen övergår i ett annat perspektiv. Syftet är att först diskutera hur intensiteter ingår i mötesplatser för traditionell industri och upplevelseindustri, t ex av den typen som skapas inom MAKExperience workshops, i avsikt att föra in upplevelser i utvecklingen av produkter och tjänster.I geografiskt täta strukturer skapas ofta intensiteter naturligt, eftersom avståndsfriktionen inte utgör ett hinder.4 I glesa strukturer måste man dock göra särskilda insatser i syfte att förstärka nätverk-ande och kreativ organisation.5 Kapitlet försöker således diskutera möjligheten att använda begreppet intensiteter och mobila platt-formar för utveckling av företag och näringsliv. Argumentet är att förutsättningarna för utveckling i glesa strukturer är beroende av att det skapas olika former av intensiteter, i form av kreativa mötes-platser där företag ges möjlighet att ta del av olika kompetenser för att utveckla produkter eller verksamheter.

The purpose of this paper is to discuss sustainability and resilience in relation to a case where a municipal organization is undergoing a project for change. The study is based on one and a half years of participation in a development program in a small town of southeast Sweden, funded by the ESF. Participation is based on a role as an interactive researcher, through an on-going evaluation in the project and will lead to an evaluation based on the implementation of the project's intentions. The material from this research has given rise to thoughts about using the concepts of place and sustainable resilience in order to understand the organization's attempt to become more attractive as an employer.

The aim of this paper is to discuss humans and technology, with focus on traffic lights, as place dependent. Relations between humans are complex and infrastructure, such as the traffic lights are seen as  quasi-objects that stabilize social relations.

This study involves a mobility device with relevance for health and well-being for severely disabled persons. The purpose of this study is to examine some of the geographical, innovative and existential implications of the performance of place through mobility that the AKKA-board produces for severely disabled people. What does mobility and place mean in terms of supporting human skills that are being performed with the help of the AKKA-board? It is concluded that mobility in terms of a self-controlled movement is connected to enabling individual decision-making, independence and well-being. © 2013 Taylor & Francis.

The aim of this paper is to discuss an ethnographic study of traffic in terms of theproduction of space. Traffic participation, negotiation and collaboration are viewed from aperformative perspective in this study. That is, traffic involves multiple ways of creatingdifferences between continuity and interruptions, making order in mundane spaces througha continuous and simultaneous struggle involving non-verbal, non-human, human, textualand other discursive means. Performance not only involves a process of the relationalconstruction of identity; the term is widened to include all sorts of practices that areinvolved in the human project of creating places and producing spaces in conditions thatcan be defined as negotiations. Identity is one important aspect in this relationalinteraction. Empirical findings also suggest, however, that it might also be important tolook further into a process called presentational presence. The performance of apresentational presence is here seen as one aspect of practice through which negotiationsamong traffic participants are constructed in relational ways. Performance in traffic canthus not be reduced to a mimetic practice of temporarily involved actors. Producing spacesand creating places is viewed as an existential project involving the negotiation of order. Iargue that there are specific elements in the act of performance by way of presentation thathold a seed to perpetual change at the same time as they reproduce multiple andsimultaneous order. This argument will be supported by examples from studies of nonverbal communication in traffic. Order is here represented by knowledge of scriptlikemaps of pre-given and preconceived, normative and non-normative, clues on how toact in specific situations. Therefore the production of new acts, and thus a different order intraffic is dependent on the knowledge structures in which they take place. It is argued thatmultiple knowledge structures are used as the starting point for improvisation andnegotiations. Practice in general could be said to be a continuously ongoing struggle forchange in preconceived order. This continuous and simultaneous struggle can be defined asan on-going-ness. Thus, it is not any stable and given order that makes traffic work.Instead, traffic emerges out of certain practices that aim at reproducing, and at the sametime changing an order, ultimately producing more or less safe and effective spaces. Rulesrepresent such knowledge structure that aims at order and which traffic participants use asassociation for practice and meaning. Knowledge structures, order, improvisation andnegotiation are thus intertwined and inseparable. Without order there would be noimprovisation, and without improvisation, order would be difficult to define at all.

The aim of this paper is to interrogate mobile technologies that carry guided tours applications in comparison with a live guided tour, in order to learn what different experiences they produce. By assembling different theoretical tools for understanding the vocabulary of guided tours, mainly thoughts that are directed towards an understanding of the non-cognitive geographies, the study uses thicker descriptions from guided tours in Göteborg, Budapest and in Köpenhamn. These thicker descriptions are then used as means for illustrating and analyzing further the vocabulary of guided tours. For the comparison different examples from the Internet have been used. The conclusion is that some dimensions of live guided tours can be translated into mobile technologies, and some dimensions are difficult to include.

The development within wind power energy has gone from a small scale production to a large industry. I this phase of development it does not seem motivated to repeat all arguments for reducing carbon monoxide sources. Rather, the focus in this study is directed towards processes of implementation of visions to planning in practice, where environmental goals are to be fulfilled and lead to a sustainable development for a local community.

The aim of this study is to follow the processes involved in the wind power projects in Laholm municipality, by investigating the wind power discourses in the view of landscape theories concerned with the relation between man, nature and society, and to put concepts and arguments into action by dropping them to actors and networks, through action research.

The study will answer the following questions:

1. What actors are in foreground and in background when issues regarding wind power plants are discussed?

2. In what ways can we understand the relations between man, nature and society in this case?

3. What does the arguments concerning wind power consist of and how can they be explained towards the use of resources?

4. What social and economical consequences may the wind power projects have for the community?

5. What are of concerns for the researcher who is intervening through action research?

6. How did the collaborative and deliberative processes succeed in the planning implementation process?

The study shows that when resources are at stake in a local community, it will activate and accentuate the boundaries between different groups. Arguments describe these boundaries related to land owners and others, between those who primarily see the landscape as a landscape for production and those who see it as a landscape for recreation. The activated boundaries make it difficult for some actors to openly state their position in the wind power issue. Processes of change take time, and it is also concluded that early local involvement and slow processes may facilitate acceptance of these landscape changes. The study shows the importance of considering the relations between humans and their landscapes and that the key to managing change goes through this understanding. Management of implementation processes are ideally strategically planned for as involving the complex relations between man and nature, rather than presupposing NIMBY explanations. Processes of change takes time and therefore the aim of leading processes should work cautiously with establishing local participation and encouragement.

It is likely that the wind power projects will produce possibilities for local companies if the plants are put into place, and if they produce the estimated power planned for. However, these changes are also dependent on the local community, the municipality, the region and the state, through willingness to support with knowledge, information, strategic plans, economic support for entrepreneurs, and general capacity building processes. It is also likely that some people will chose other places to live in, but that new people will chose to move to the community. It is therefore important to map and make use of these new builders in the process of capacity building for a sustainable community.

Researchers have an important role to play as intervener in the processes between local communities, authorities and companies. The researcher can help as collector analyzing opinions and values regarding natural resource projects. The researcher can also analyze and present experiences from other similar projects to local community as well as to authorities and companies involved in the process. The researcher can also contribute as leader of processes by staging learning processes in groups, handling conflicts and managing creative development processes.

The most evident problem in this study was the difficulties in reaching out to the local actors. Efforts were instead made to visit them in other forums where they met of other reasons. An action research strategy was therefore to be where things is happening and to make room for issues of development in these contexts, for instance on Internet, in school, on local meetings, and in interviews.

Although the interest for wind power in Laholm seems to have reached a stage where the loudest land owner voices claim to want more of the benefits from wind power energy, it is important to produce plans for action, knowledge and to lead the processes of local development in Sweden.

The aim of this paper is to investigate mobile technologies used for guiding tourists. I will compare guiding applications with what is going in a live guided tour in order to understand what different experiences they produce and try to indicate what is needed in both types of guided tours if developed further.

Guided tours are important tools in the tourism and hospitality industry and we know that guided tours are appreciated by visitors and residents of places. By applying the empirical and theoretical knowledge from a live guided tour in this work and frame this knowledge in technological applications it might be better understood how learning, experiencing and influencing visitors through the guided tours of different modes.

The results from this study show that there are several aspects in live guided tours that can prospect from integrating elements from virtual guided tours. Also the opposite seems likely, that virtual guided tours can benefit from learning to integrate some of the elements from live guided tours.

The aim of this study was to follow the processes involved in the wind power projects in Laholm municipality, by investigating wind power discourses in the view of landscape theories concerned with the relation between man, nature and society, and to put concepts and arguments into action by introducing them to actors and networks, through action research.

The study tried to answer the following questions:

1. In what ways can we understand the relations between man, nature and society in this case?
2. What does the arguments concerning wind power consist of and how can they be explained related to the use of resources?
3. What social and economical consequences may the wind power projects have for the community?
4. What are of concerns for the researcher who is intervening through action research?
5. How did the collaborative and deliberative processes succeed in the planning implementation process?

The study shows that when resources are at stake in a local community, it will activate and accentuate the boundaries between different groups.

Interreg prosjektet Landsbygdsutvikling i Skandinavia (LISA) avsluttes i 2012 etter tre års utviklings og forskningsarbeid på Landsbygden i Skandinavia. Prosjektet har skapt et samarbeid på tvers av landegrenser og institusjoner. 18 partnere fra kommuner, regionale aktører og forskningsinstitusjoner har vært involvert i prosjektet i tillegg til de mange lokale aktører på bygden. I februar 2012 inviterte forskningspartnerne til et dialogseminar i København for å presentere de forskningsperspektiver det er arbeidet med i LISA og samtidig skape en dialog om forskning og praksis i LISA. Formålet med denne rapporten er å oppsummere de presenterte forskningsperspektivene og videre formidle diskusjonene i skjæringspunktet mellom forskning og praksis som utviklet seg under dialogseminaret. Rapporten innleder med å gi en kort presentasjon av LISA og forskningspartnerne, og en kort introduksjon av de fire forskningsperspektivene i LISA. Heretter er rapporten oppbygget i samsvar med dagsordenen på Dialogseminaret. Hvert forskningsperspektiv presenteres og de etterfølgende diskusjoner oppsummeres. Avslutningsvis oppsummeres noen av de generelle trekk som kan utledes av diskusjonene i skjæringspunktet mellom teori og praksis.

Tour guides have traditionally played a key role in linking tour operators, incoming agencies and tourists. However, very little attention has been given to the competences that involve performative aspects of guiding. Such performative competences involve the complex maneuvring in native and foreign cultures, intercultural mediating, functioning as pathfinders and mentors, and negotiating in unfamiliar destinations to their guests in a culturally sensitive manner, and coordinating group movements in space. The article examines the complexity involved in guided tours, and consequently the need for a deeper understanding of the performative aspects of guided tours. The article concludes that the performative aspects of guiding tourists involve interpretations, mediations and translations through verbal and bodily communication. It also involves the ability to engage by producing intense moments through narratives and creative affordances. One final conclusion from this work is that it is a challenge to actually use the variety of scientific perspectives offered within tourism education programs in order to produce hybrid study outcomes, but, it could also be seen as the pragmatic approach that tour guides adopt in practice.

Editorial

Guides and tour operators as professionals play a key role in the growing global tourism industry, supporting, engaging and diverting visitors who travel to places they want to learn more about and be entertained by. Behind the scene there are challenges and tensions related to the particular professional roles, the vibrant matters and staff that stand-in for the guide, physical efforts, and the competitive and vulnerable position guides have on a highly competitive job market. ‘Key role’ is also ‘contested space’. This special issue focuses on the guides and tour operators and the challenges they face in their working role.

Through the International Research Forum on Guided Tours (IRFGT) a systematic work has been going on for a while by further widening the questions and assembling scholars interested in guided tours as a scientific field of inquiry (Adolfsson, et al 2009; Jonasson, 2011; Zillinger, et al 2012). The latest conference, from which these contributions emerged was hosted by Estoril Higher Institute for Tourism and Hotel Studies (ESHTE), Portugal. IRFGT still continues to produce networks and publications that have opened up questions regarding guided tours. Rather than remaining a mystifying and closed skill-set in the hands of professional or semi-professional associations and licensed individuals, the IRFGT seeks to open the multiple practices of guiding to imaginative, careful and serious scrutiny from a variety of theoretical perspectives, initiated and deployed by an emerging interdisciplinary community.

Every new place that the conference IRFGT has moved to has brought new perspectives into play. From the last conference in Estoril in 2015, it is clear that guided tours are increasingly seen by some researchers as productions of extraordinary experiences, emotions, and enjoyment of places. From this last conference it also became clear that practitioners had found their way into the conference. The dynamics between practice and research is perhaps one of the field’s most interesting and volatile characteristics, which in many ways could be exploited and explored more in order to create new ways of doing and understanding guided tours.

The conference keynote speakers represented different areas of theory and practice. Professor Noel Salazar opened the conference with an anthropological take on guided tours in relation to tourism imaginaries and otherness in a global context. Ester Pereira, with her considerable experience from touristic expeditions, represented a sustainable view on guided tours and tourism from a tour operator and tourist perspective. Embodying both the theoretical and a practitioner’s perspective, Carles Picazo gave valuable insights from a long career of planning and education of tourist guides.

Taking the study of guided tours on a route towards the practitioner and the professional roles of the guide contributes to yet another important piece of the puzzle. This special issue converges at a parallel line by considering students’ future careers as tourist guides in Jordan with a contribution by Areej Aloudat (2017, this issue). He concludes that the occupation of guides is unevenly perceived by these students, and reveals the perceived advantages of working for a tour operator, rather than being a freelancer in the business. Gurel Cetin and Sukru Yarcan (2017, this issue) continue the exploration of the professional relation between tour operators and tour guides in organized package tours. As it turns out, there are many identified gaps and differences in perceptions concerning these two professional perspectives, which could be further explored when their various parts are opened up for further scrutiny and discussion. Ester Pereira and Reidar Mykletun (2017) also explores the professional perspective by investigating how sustainability is integrated into tour guide training programmes in Belgium, France, Hungary, Italy, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway and Spain. They conclude that there is a need to integrate sustainability principles into these programmes. Finally, Jane Widtfeldt Meged (2017, this issue) also focuses on the professional craft of guiding, but by pointing sharply towards the stressful working conditions for guides. It is known that organizational structures shape the conditions under which self-employed, well-educated, and yet casual laborers in a liberal and competitive job market work, but Widtfeldt Meged freshly interrogates the subject by questioning tour guides about their actual views on these conditions.

As can be concluded from the very brief summary of the papers included in this volume, the papers are concerned with the professional role of guiding as well as the relation between those who practice guiding or enrol guides, and those who do research or make a critical enquiry within guided tours. To the informed observer, it is becoming increasingly clear that research on guided tours is now beginning to accumulate a range of important research that has relevance for the industry and for society. We hope that this volume will provide inspiration as well as provoking new questions and new methods in this research domain. 

Copyright © 2017 Informa UK Limited

Many children with disabilities face the risk of illness by being excluded from physical education. The purpose of this article is to investigate an open collaborative innovation that can contribute to more inclusive elements in physical education, resulting in a better quality of education for children and youths with a disability. The question asked here is whether performative, bodily, geographical, norm critical and collaborative aspects involved in the use of an innovative aid called Swing Table Tennis (SwingPingis), has any impact on teachers’ perception of inclusion and well-being for the children using the innovation. The methods used in this study are interviews of children with disabilities and their physical education teachers, combined with participant observations carried out during classes using the tool. The findings indicate children and teachers perceive the tool as a means to an embodied, creative part of collaboration and involvement during the lesson, as well as in the teaching of the subject Physical Education. Children perceived SwingPingis as an opportunity to get motor training and build bodily capacities to perform, which in turn were reported as a feeling of the joy in movement. Teachers emphasize SwingPingis usefulness and accessibility. It is an asset in teaching as well as enabling and complementing other motor training in teaching.

Sverige genomförde två stora kommunindelningsreformer under 1900-talet. Den ena varstorkommunreformen som kom 1952, och den andra var den så kalladekommunblocksreformen som kom 1974. Kommunreformen minskade antalet kommuner tillmindre än hälften och syftet var att varje kommun skulle kunna bära sina egna omkostnadergenom att skatteunderlaget skulle vara tillräckligt stort. Kommunerna i Halland var även de iolika grad involverade i kommunreformen och inställningen till denna varierade mellankommunerna. Det är då intressant att undersöka vilka skälen och attityderna tillkommunreformerna har varit, eftersom de bidragit till att ge en bild av samhället och denkommunpolitik som fördes i Halland vid tiden för sammanläggningarna samt att se om dethar skett en förändring över tid mellan förändringarna.Syftet med den här uppsatsen har varit att undersöka vilka attityderna och problemen vari Halland, och om de har varierat från den ena kommunreformen till den andra samt försökage en bakgrund till medborgarnas inställning.

This article deals with the process of change from industrial land to recreational area on a 60 ha piece of land 12 km southeast of Malmö, southern Sweden, called Lake Arrie. The area is an abandoned gravel quarry in the midst of an agricultural landscape. We present a short background and the current situation in Arrie, setting out to capture the tendencies of the contemporary construction of nature for outdoor recreation. We then move on to discuss the salutogenic aspects of outdoor recreation, and how these can be traced in the actual landscape at Arrie. Furthermore, we open the discussion on diversity as a cherished post-modern ideal both in nature and culture. Different interests and ideologies may cause conflicts in the planning process. To capture the multitude of voices emanating among stakeholders, the process to extract local opinions through participatory processes is presented. The social and political categorisation of an area reflects the needs of a changing society. In the early industrial era, the area was an enclave of industrial ground in a completely rural setting. In the post-industrial era, it turned into a ‘wasteland’, open for nature to recolonise. This type of landscape is difficult to categorise, being an ‘inbetween-land’, neither nature nor culture, perceived as ephemeral and inferior. At the same time, the city sprawled closer, with the semi-urban populations’ need for outdoor recreation. In future, the former industrial ground will be perceived as an enclave of nature in an urban setting. When the former products of the area responded to the industrial need for gravel and limestone, the contemporary ‘products’ respond to emotional needs. Copyright © 2008 Elsevier GmbH.

Text regarding the findings of a research project on the outdoor habits of immigrants in Sweden

I denna studie beskriver jag problemet hur planering och zonering av destinationer för friluftsliv och ekoturism kan göras. Genom att utveckla och analysera teori och resultat abduktivt har analys och slutsats utvecklats med Kristianstad Vattenrike som utvalt studerat område. Kristianstad Vattenrike är ett av Sveriges fem biosfärområden och sträcker sig nästan över hela Kristianstad kommun med en mångfald av olika naturtyper. Som utnämnt biosfärområde ska man bidra till hållbar utveckling och utveckla området utefter ledorden bevara, utveckla och stödja och planera området i kärnområden, buffertzoner och utvecklingsområden.

För att uppnå studiens syfte att abduktivt visa i teoretisk och analytisk växelverkan hur man kan planera och zonera en destination för friluftsliv och ekoturism så har jag valt att beskriva hur planering av friluftsliv kan göras, om zonering, om planering för ekoturism och rural turismutveckling. Dessa har utvecklats abduktivt med utvald kvalitativ metod för analys av en destination, Kristianstad Vattenrike, och hur det planeras i praktiken för eventuell zonering av friluftsliv och ekoturism enligt tre intervjuer och skriftliga källor om Kristianstad Vattenrike.

I studiens resultat och analys analyseras tre frågeställningar för syftet: 1) Vilka förutsättningar för friluftsupplevelser och ekoturism erbjuder natur, landskap samt infrastruktur i Kristianstad Vattenrike?, 2) Hur planeras det för friluftsliv och ekoturism i Kristianstad Vattenrike? och 3) Varför ska zonering användas som medel för att planera hållbara destinationer för friluftsliv och ekoturism?

Här beskrivs vilket brett utbud av naturtyper som erbjuds i ett friluftsliv som hela tiden utvecklas med behov och efterfrågan på området, men också med produktutveckling. Det beskrivs att de använt bl a plan för att utveckla badplatser inom Kristianstad Vattenrike som kan utvecklas generellt för friluftslivet. För ekoturism görs vissa näringslivssatsningar men inget som direkt lyckas inspirera till ett hållbart ansvarstagande för företag, men ett par uthålliga entreprenörer har lyckats med utveckling av säsonger för upplevelse av Vattenriket över året. Zonering som medel för planering av friluftsliv och ekoturism beskrivs och klargörs att det är en eftersatt modell i Sverige för planering av friluftsliv och ekoturism och även så i Kristianstad Vattenrike. Efter granskade resultat och analyser så dras slutsatser med studien att zonering behöver en svensk uttalad definition för att lättare kommuniceras och förstås för implementering som destinationer som Kristianstad Vattenrike skulle dra fördel av vid planering och zonering för friluftsliv och ekoturism.

The Transition Movement, originating in Ireland and the United Kingdom, gathers and supports community-led actions to meet the global challenges of climate change, peak oil and energy descent. In our study we analysed a Transition Network project, a Danish village built from scratch by its inhabitants and named the Self Sufficient Village (SSV). Employing the theories of constructed landscapes and placeattachment, we studied how the Transition Movement ideology shaped the constructed landscape of thevillage and influenced the inhabitants' attachment. The research team, following the grounded theory approach, conducted a field study staying in SSV. We collected data with focus groups, individual interviews and participatory observations, taking part in daily life of the community. The analysis revealed three, intertwined themes which altogether create the constructed landscape of SSV. They were named Community, Ideology, and Individual impact, respectively. Our findings showed that the community and strong social ties were predominant factors in shaping place attachment. Transition ideology and environmental awareness, although less pronounced, still turned out to be vital for the feelings of belongingness and empowerment, resulting in a positive impact of the village on the local scale. Using our case study as an example we discuss the importance of environmental concern and place attachment for similar grass-root initiatives. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The traditional important role of maps used for educational purposes has gained further potential with recent advances in GIS technology. But beyond specific courses in cartography this potential seems little realized in geography teaching. This article investigates the extent to which any learning benefits may be derived from the use of such technologies. A controlled experiment was conducted to examine whether information recall is improved when cartographic information on population distribution is presented in 2D versus 3D form. The results show statistically significant differences in learning benefits between the two formats, largely in favor of 2D representation. These findings suggest that learning benefits can be derived from paying greater attention to map format in educational settings. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.

Dialogseminaret var organisert slik at ulike grupper involvert i tematikk ogarbeid med bygde- og stedsutvikling; politikere, administrativt ansatte ikommunene, forskere, bygdefolk og næringsdrivende, regionale aktører frafylkene og Knutepunkt Sørlandet hver for seg og samlet skulle gi innspill påde muligheter og begrensinger som ligger i å arbeide alene og sammen ombygde- og stedsutvikling. Representanter fra alle fire kommuner, samt regionale aktører var tilstede.Gruppene ble inndelt etter deres eksisterende rolle i bygdeutviklingsarbeidetfor på den måte å kunne diskutere, utveksle erfaringer og nå nye forståelserrundt utfordringer, roller og samarbeid i bygdeutviklingsprosjekter. Det bleetablert fire grupper: ”Bygde”gruppe, kommunal administrativ gruppe,politker gruppe og regionalgruppe. Gjennom to runder med gruppearbeid ogpresentasjoner ble de ulike grupper kjent med andre gruppers forståelser avutfordringer i bygdeutvikling og behov i forhold til samarbeid.Gruppene ble også bedt om å identifisere hva som kunne og måtte forbedreshos de andre gruppene og hos seg selv. I den sammenheng skaptes en kritiskrefleksjon i forhold til egen rolle og ansvar i utviklingssammenheng, ogideer om hvordan det kan skapes bedre samarbeid mellom myndighetsnivåerog sektorer, samt mellom bygdeinteresser.Dialog seminaret viste at kommunikasjon mellom aktører var etgjennomgående tema både fra det regionale, kommunale og spesieltbygdenivået. Mer åpenhet, informasjon og bedre kommunikasjonsarenaerble etterlyst som en av største muligheter for å forbedrebygdeutviklingspotensialet i de enkelte bygder. Samtidig ble det klart atbalansen mellom å stimulere bygdeutviklingstiltak fra ”oven” og la ideenevokse fra ”neden” er hårfin. Det er derfor viktig i bygdeutviklingsprosjekterå etablere arenaer for åpen kommunikasjon mellom de ulike grupper og, atkommunen selv i en tilrettelegger/fasilitator rolle er bevisst om hvor dendrivende kraft bak prosjektene kommer fra.Det er vår antakelse at det ligger et potensial for å utvikle og forbedre denmåten steder utvikles på, ved at aktører på ulike nivåer og med ulikeoppgaver får mulighet til å se hvordan de kan nå sine målsettinger mereffektivt ved å samarbeide mer med andre. Om ikke seminaret isolert settmedfører endret praksis, så antar vi at en slik endring må starte med enbevisstgjøring hvor en begynner å oppfatte seg som del av et nettverk avAgderforskning7aktører som kan oppnå mer ved å utnytte hverandres kompetanser ogressurser.Seminaret synligjorde også at LISA-KASK prosjektet begynner å sette sporute i bygdene, som et resultat av flere mobiliseringsaktiviteter, folkemøter,prosjektmøter og samlinger av ulikt slag. Diskusjonene blant gruppene pådialogseminaret viste at man har relativt store forventinger til de endringerprosjekt av denne type kan bidra til. Et konkret resultat som ble trukket fremså langt er at bygdelagene /bygdeutviklingslagene er blitt revitalisert som ettresultat av prosjektet, noe som gir regionale aktører og kommune ett heltannet ”mottaksapparat” for diskusjon, spørsmål og andre henvendelser ennhva man tidligere hadde.Dialogseminaret var organisert slik at ulike grupper involvert i tematikk ogarbeid med bygde- og stedsutvikling; politikere, administrativt ansatte ikommunene, forskere, bygdefolk og næringsdrivende, regionale aktører frafylkene og Knutepunkt Sørlandet hver for seg og samlet skulle gi innspill påde muligheter og begrensinger som ligger i å arbeide alene og sammen ombygde- og stedsutvikling.Representanter fra alle fire kommuner, samt regionale aktører var tilstede.Gruppene ble inndelt etter deres eksisterende rolle i bygdeutviklingsarbeidetfor på den måte å kunne diskutere, utveksle erfaringer og nå nye forståelserrundt utfordringer, roller og samarbeid i bygdeutviklingsprosjekter. Det bleetablert fire grupper: ”Bygde”gruppe, kommunal administrativ gruppe,politker gruppe og regionalgruppe. Gjennom to runder med gruppearbeid ogpresentasjoner ble de ulike grupper kjent med andre gruppers forståelser avutfordringer i bygdeutvikling og behov i forhold til samarbeid.Gruppene ble også bedt om å identifisere hva som kunne og måtte forbedreshos de andre gruppene og hos seg selv. I den sammenheng skaptes en kritiskrefleksjon i forhold til egen rolle og ansvar i utviklingssammenheng, ogideer om hvordan det kan skapes bedre samarbeid mellom myndighetsnivåerog sektorer, samt mellom bygdeinteresser.Dialog seminaret viste at kommunikasjon mellom aktører var etgjennomgående tema både fra det regionale, kommunale og spesieltbygdenivået. Mer åpenhet, informasjon og bedre kommunikasjonsarenaerble etterlyst som en av største muligheter for å forbedrebygdeutviklingspotensialet i de enkelte bygder. Samtidig ble det klart atbalansen mellom å stimulere bygdeutviklingstiltak fra ”oven” og la ideenevokse fra ”neden” er hårfin. Det er derfor viktig i bygdeutviklingsprosjekterå etablere arenaer for åpen kommunikasjon mellom de ulike grupper og, atkommunen selv i en tilrettelegger/fasilitator rolle er bevisst om hvor dendrivende kraft bak prosjektene kommer fra.Det er vår antakelse at det ligger et potensial for å utvikle og forbedre denmåten steder utvikles på, ved at aktører på ulike nivåer og med ulikeoppgaver får mulighet til å se hvordan de kan nå sine målsettinger mereffektivt ved å samarbeide mer med andre. Om ikke seminaret isolert settmedfører endret praksis, så antar vi at en slik endring må starte med enbevisstgjøring hvor en begynner å oppfatte seg som del av et nettverk avAgderforskning7aktører som kan oppnå mer ved å utnytte hverandres kompetanser ogressurser.Seminaret synligjorde også at LISA-KASK prosjektet begynner å sette sporute i bygdene, som et resultat av flere mobiliseringsaktiviteter, folkemøter,prosjektmøter og samlinger av ulikt slag. Diskusjonene blant gruppene pådialogseminaret viste at man har relativt store forventinger til de endringerprosjekt av denne type kan bidra til. Et konkret resultat som ble trukket fremså langt er at bygdelagene /bygdeutviklingslagene er blitt revitalisert som ettresultat av prosjektet, noe som gir regionale aktører og kommune ett heltannet ”mottaksapparat” for diskusjon, spørsmål og andre henvendelser ennhva man tidligere hadde.

Despite its proven societal value, humanities knowledge tends to be marginalized in research policy; this has been a topic of debate for some time. In this chapter, we focus on the valorization of humanities knowledge, with the aim of comprehending the way this process engenders societal impact. We argue that historical impact stories offer an effective methodological approach for a deeper understanding of such valorization and its subsequent impact. Drawing on three humanities research cases from Sweden, we propose that valorization and impacts of humanities knowledge should be seen as processual and as influenced by societal actors who determine the premises and condition the somewhat unpredictable nature of such impacts. We introduce two concepts: (i) acting space, which involves access to collaborators, audiences, and channels that enable knowledge valorization, and (ii) meandering knowledge flows, which provides insight into the uneven and hard-to-predict nature of valorization. Through these concepts, we wish to provide a better and more nuanced understanding of how knowledge valorization in the humanities unfolds. By doing so, we hope to support humanities scholars to find ways of articulating their own modes of mattering. © The Author(s) 2024.

Background

Nowadays, not only countries but also cities and regions communicate directly with residents in other countries using public diplomacy. Public diplomacy includes all official efforts to convince targeted sectors of foreign opinion to support or tolerate the strategic objectives of the government of a state, region or city. By branding your place to residents in other countries, you can make your place an attractive place to move to. On the other hand, you can also demolish your place brand reputation among other target groups and stakeholders.

Aim

This paper aims at discussing the role of public diplomacy in place branding for attracting new residents. We will focus on refugees. Once the refugees have obtained the right to stay in Sweden, they have the right to settle down wherever they want. However, they do not settle down in different parts of Sweden by random, but as a response to municipal public diplomacy communication strategies in branding places.

Design

We use an exploratory case study design to discuss how the two cities Borlänge and Malmö work with public diplomacy and place branding 

in attracting refugees to settle down in these cities. Both cities relied on immigrant labour but entered a painful deindustrialisation process in the late 1970s. However, in the 1990s the cities’ development took different turns. We develop a conceptual framework based on public diplomacy and place branding. The empirical material is based on policy documents decided by the respective city halls, statistics from Statistics Sweden and previous research.

Findings

The place branding of Borlänge targets just the residents. For non-residents the brand is weak and for refugees unattractive. No public diplomacy communication is reported in the policy documents from Borlänge. Malmö works actively with place branding and public diplomacy to attract new residents from abroad, and refugees re-settling from other parts of Sweden. The city is seen as a multicultural and superdiverse, a city where natives are a minority population. Unfortunately, by targeting one group of new residents so hard makes Malmö unattractive for other potential target groups.

Policy implications

Public diplomacy and place branding matters. Local and regional politicians can make their place attractive for new residents from other parts of Sweden as well as abroad, for labour migrants as well as refugees. It depends on the chosen target groups as well as place branding strategy. Place branding and public diplomacy are highly political activities and as such, they are political sensitive.

Följande rapport utgör en bilaga till en ansökan om att starta ett nytt utbildningsprogram vid Högskolan i Halmstad. Analysen har till viss del använts i den faktiska ansökan och programutveckling vid Akademin för Lärande, Humaniora och Samhällsvetenskap. Avsikten är att publicera denna omvärldsanalys av det skälet att det kan finnas delar i omvärldsanalysen som kan användas av andra aktörer i regionen, och för andra syften och därför fanns det anledning att göra den tillgänglig via DIVA och Högskolans bibliotek. Dessa resonemang handlar om attraktionskrafter och pendling för studier och arbetsmarknad, samt drivkrafter för högre studier ur ett rumsligt perspektiv. 

Many understandings about norms and norm criticism are based on imaginations of inclusion and exclusion, as if values about right and wrong, and acceptable and non-acceptable behaviors belong to a world of relations that can be separated from embodied and physical things and practices. Norm confirming or norm critical imaginations are difficult to judge and even more difficult to change if they are separated from the physical performance reflecting these imaginations. This preparatory study is based on interviews conducted with children with and without varied forms of disabilities. The aim of the study was to investigate how children describe their ability in relation to collaboration, materialities, disability and norms within Physical Education and Health (PEH). The results from this study show that embodied and collaborative goal-oriented practices generate imaginations of community and belonging through a notion of contributing. The results indicate that informing, teaching, and learning about inclusion and exclusion do not naturally produce physical and embodied practices. © 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka vilken betydelse den sociala miljön på olika platser i skolan har för elevers erfarenheter av dessa. Den sociala miljön är en miljö som i denna uppsats består av den fysiska miljön på en plats, människors interaktion med denna fysiska miljö, men också människors interaktion med varandra. I undersökningen har vi vänt oss till högstadieelever i årskurs sju och nio på en F-9 (från förskola till årskurs nio) skola i en mellanstor kommun i södra Sverige.

I detta examensarbete har vi valt att använda en visuell metod, kallad fotoelicitering där eleverna fått fotografera med hjälp av sina mobilkameror platser i skolan de har positiva eller negativa erfarenheter av. Dessa foton har sedan utgjort grunden för ett samtal med eleverna, enskilt.

Resultatet av denna studie visar att eleverna anser att den sociala miljön på en plats har betydelse för deras positiva eller negativa erfarenheter av denna plats. Resultatet pekar på att erfarenheterna av en plats beror på situation och vilka människor som vistas på platsen samtidigt. Aspekter som ansetts ha betydelse för elevers erfarenheter och trivsel är bland annat elevernas beteende, vuxnas närvaro och åldern på eleverna som vistas på en specifik plats. I resultatet lyfts också aspekter i den fysiska miljön som viktiga för trivseln i skolan, dessa är bland annat fräschhet i lokalerna, tillgång till mötesplatser, tilltalande inredning, möblering och ljusinsläpp et cetera.

The article explores the Pervasive Information Architecture (PIA) framework as a theory and set of tools that support the identification of both the multiple physical/digital, spatially oriented elements that make up urban life and, importantly, the obstacles and barriers to information flow between them. As an example, the article presents the application of the framework in studying how first-generation immigrants experience the urban natural environment in Turku, Finland. This research contributes to advancing our understanding of how Pervasive Information Architecture can be effectively used to analyse, design, and optimize urban landscapes, thereby promoting a more inclusive urban development. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.