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  • 1.
    Bökberg, Christina
    et al.
    Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Ahlström, Gerd
    Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Karlsson, Staffan
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI). Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Utilisation of formal and informal care and services at home among persons with dementia: a cross-sectional study2018In: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, ISSN 0283-9318, E-ISSN 1471-6712, Vol. 32, no 2, p. 843-851Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    The progression of dementia disease implies increasing needs for both informal and formal care and services but also risk of institutionalisation. To better adjust care and services in the phase preceding institutionalisation it is important to find out whether utilisation of formal and informal care and services is determined by increased needs and by who meets the needs.Aim

    The aim was to compare persons with dementia (65+) with different levels of cognitive impairment, regarding utilisation of formal and informal care and service at home.Methods

    The participants consisted of 177 persons with dementia ≥65 years old and at risk of nursing home admission, divided into groups according to their cognitive function. Structured interviews were conducted based on questionnaires about type and amount of formal and informal care utilised, as well as questions regarding cognitive impairment, dependency in activities of daily living (ADLs) and neuropsychiatric symptoms. To analyse the data, descriptive and comparative statistics were used.Results

    The findings revealed that the group with severe dementia used significantly more help with ADLs and supervision in terms of time (number of hours and days) provided by the informal caregiver, compared with the group with moderate dementia. Utilisation of formal care and services was highest in the group with the most severe cognitive impairments (Standardized Mini-Mental State Examination score of <9). The group with severe dementia were more dependent in ADLs and had more neuropsychiatric symptoms (hallucinations and motor disturbances). They were younger and more often cohabitated with the informal caregiver, compared with the group with moderate dementia.Conclusion

    This study shows that in the phase preceding institutionalisation the ADL and supervision needs due to progression of dementia appear to tend to be met first and foremost by the informal caregivers. © 2017 Nordic College of Caring Science.

  • 2.
    Condelius, Anna
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI).
    Andersson, Magdalena
    City of Malmö, Malmö, Sweden.
    Exploring Shared Care Plans for Older People Regarding their Fulfilment of Policy Requirements and Shared Decision Making2021In: Research on Ageing and Social Policy, E-ISSN 2014-671X, Vol. 9, no 2, p. 154-183Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim was to explore the documentation in shared care plans regarding the fulfilment of policy requirements and shared decision-making. The sample consists of 15 shared care plans established for older people in Sweden. The analysis was performed using directed content analysis. The requirements in the Swedish law and the 15 indicators of shared decision making (SDM) in the Multifocal Approach to the Sharing in SDM inventory was used to define the main categories. The policy requirements were fulfilled to a varied extent. All the care plans were established in collaboration between the municipality and the county council, but social services were not represented in six of them. The older person and next of kin were present at 14 of the care planning meetings. The individual’s agreement to the establishment was documented in ten of the plans but how and what the person had agreed to was not specified further. The headings focused at the policy requirements and did not support a care planning process, or a documentation based on SDM. Six out of 15 indicators of SDM were reflected. The decision-making process needs to be acknowledged more in the process of establishing shared care plans for older people.

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  • 3.
    Elg, Pernilla
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Jonasson, Linnea
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Äldre människor i en pandemi: Den sociala isoleringens inverkan på äldres hälsa2021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: In 2019 a new virus by the name Sars-coronavirus-2 that caused a disease named Covid-19 and spread globally creating a pandemic. Due to the pandemic, restrictions were created that limited people's everyday life. There were many variations of the restrictions between countries, but they were all based on distancing. The nursing theorist Katie Eriksson describes the suffering in life and everything it means to be a human among humans which makes the pandemic a part of the humans suffering.  Nurses have many ethic codes and core competencies to apply in their work to prevent suffering. Aim: To illustrate the impact of social isolation on the elderly's health during the covid-19 pandemic from a nursing perspective Method: A systematic literature study including 13 scientifically articles that related to the aim. Result: Three themes and five subthemes were identified. These indicate a reduced health among older people, mostly regarding loneliness, worrying, anxiety but also subjective age, ageism and resources and the use of resources among the elderly in order to handle the situation. Conclusion: The health among the elderly have decreased due to the social isolation which, according to Katie Eriksson is part of the human suffering in life. Nurses have, with support from their core competencies and ethics codes a big responsibility to reduce the suffering and encourage health during the pandemic

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  • 4.
    Helvik, Anne-Sofie
    et al.
    Innlandet Hospital Trust, Division Tynset, Norway & Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway & St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
    Iversen, Valentina Cabral
    St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway & Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
    Steiring, Randi
    Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
    Hallberg, Lillemor R-M
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI).
    Calibrating and adjusting expectations in life: A grounded theory on how elderly persons with somatic health problems maintain control and balance in life and optimize well-being2011In: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being, ISSN 1748-2623, E-ISSN 1748-2631, Vol. 6, no 1, article id 6030Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: This study aims at exploring the main concern for elderly individuals with somatic health problems and what they do to manage this.

    Method: In total, 14 individuals (mean-74.2 years; range-68-86 years) of both gender including hospitalized and outpatient persons participated in the study. Open interviews were conducted and analyzed according to grounded theory, an inductive theory-generating method.

    Results: The main concern for the elderly individuals with somatic health problems was identified as their striving to maintain control and balance in life. The analysis ended up in a substantive theory explaining how elderly individuals with somatic disease were calibrating and adjusting their expectations in life in order to adapt to their reduced energy level, health problems, and aging. By adjusting the expectations to their actual abilities, the elderly can maintain a sense of that they still have the control over their lives and create stability. The ongoing adjustment process is facilitated by different strategies and result despite lower expectations in subjective well-being. The facilitating strategies are utilizing the network of important others, enjoying cultural heritage, being occupied with interests, having a mission to fulfill, improving the situation by limiting boundaries and, finally, creating meaning in everyday life.

    Conclusion: The main concern of the elderly with somatic health problems was to maintain control and balance in life. The emerging theory explains how elderly people with somatic health problems calibrate their expectations of life in order to adjust to reduced energy, health problems, and aging. This process is facilitated by different strategies and result despite lower expectation in subjective well-being. © 2011 A.-S. Helvik et al.

  • 5.
    Järpe, Eric
    Halmstad University, School of Information Technology, Halmstad Embedded and Intelligent Systems Research (EIS), CAISR - Center for Applied Intelligent Systems Research.
    Visit to care center Angeles Cobo Lopez, Alcaudete, Andalucia, Spain: A secondment within the REMIND project2019Report (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
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  • 6.
    Karlsson, Peter
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI).
    Thorvaldsson, Valgeir
    University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Johansson, Boo
    University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Birth Cohort Differences in Cognitive Aging: Secular Trends Over 30 Years in Three Swedish Samples2019Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    During the 20th century there has been a successive rise in mean intelligence (i.e. Flynn effect), where later born cohorts tend to outperform earlier born. Flynn effects have been reported regarding numerous cognitive abilities, and over age ranges from infants to 95 year olds. Less is known regarding possible birth cohort differences in rates of cognitive change in old age. We conducted a series of studies with the aim to investigate possible birth cohort differences in both level of cognitive performance and rate of change. We analyzed data from three representative, population based birth cohorts (born 1901-1902, 1906-07, and 1930) drawn from the Gerontological and Geriatric Population Studies in Gothenburg (H70), with measures on the same cognitive tests at the same ages (i.e., 70, 75 and 79 years). The results showed that later born cohorts outperformed earlier born on all cognitive measures (i.e., spatial ability, logical reasoning, verbal ability, perceptual-motor-speed, and long-term recognition memory), but also that later born cohorts declined at a faster rate on three cognitive outcomes (spatial ability, reasoning, and perceptual-motor-speed). Cohort differences in level of cognitive performance were expected and in line with previous studies, but our findings of cohort differences in rate of change are novel. A potential explanation for the cohort differences in rate of cognitive decline relates to differences in the average age of onset of the cognitive decline due to cohort differences in cognitive reserve. Another possible explanation relates to possible cohort differences in selective survival.

  • 7.
    Karlsson, Peter
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI). University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Thorvaldsson, Valgeir
    University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Skoog, Ingmar
    University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Johansson, Boo
    University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Birth cohort differences in cognitive aging: Secular trends in levels of functioning and rates of change over 30 years in a population-based Swedish sample2014Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Findings from several studies reveal that later born cohorts tend on average to perform better on most measurements of fluid cognitive abilities in later life as compared with earlier born cohorts measured at the same age (i.e. Flynn effects). This study investigate cohort differences in level of cognitive functioning and rate of decline in a representative sample drawn from the Gerontological and Geriatric Population Studies in Gothenburg (H70) including three birth cohorts born 1901/02, 1906/07 and 1930, and measured on tests of logical reasoning (Figure Logic) and spatial ability (Block Design), at ages 70, 75 and 79. Estimates from multiple-group latent growth curve models revealed, in accordance with previous studies, substantial cohort differences in level of performance were later born cohorts outperform earlier born. However, and somewhat surprisingly, later born cohorts also showed, on average, a steeper decline over the study period as compared with earlier born. Neither gender nor educational differences could account for the observed cohort trends. Potential explanations for these findings are further discussed in the context of neuropathology and cognitive reserve.

  • 8.
    Karlsson, Peter
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI). Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Thorvaldsson, Valgeir
    Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Skoog, Ingmar
    Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Skoog, Johan
    Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Johansson, Boo
    Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    What can we Expect of Cognition after 70? Cognitive Decline, Stability, and Gain between 70 and 79 Years in Three Swedish Birth Cohorts2019In: Journal of gerontology & geriatric medicine, E-ISSN 2381-8662, Vol. 5, article id 027Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    There is substantial heterogeneity in cognitive aging trajectories. Although the number of individuals showing cognitive decline increases with age, significant proportions remain stable or show gains. The aim of this study was to investigate birth cohort differences regarding proportions of individuals showing cognitive decline, stability, or gain between ages 70 and 79. We analyzed longitudinal data from three Swedish birth cohorts from the Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies, born 1901-02, 1906-07 and 1930, measured on four cognitive measures (i.e., verbal meaning, figure identification, logical reasoning and spatial ability). We used the standard error of measurement (SEM=s(1-rxx) at baseline (i.e., 70 years of age) to categorize participants as showing cognitive decline (if scores decreased by >1 SEM between ages 70 and 79), cognitive stability (if change was ≤1SEM), or cognitive gain (if increasing by >1 SEM).

    Analyses, using χ2- tests, showed that a substantial proportion remained stable over the 9-year period. Our findings also indicated significant cohort differences for all four cognitive measures, with weak to moderate effect sizes. Interestingly earlier born cohorts contained a higher proportion of participants showing cognitive gain and a smaller proportion showing cognitive decline, compared to later born cohorts. Possible explanations for these cohort differences may relate to cohort differences in cognitive reserve, selective survival and psychometric properties of the cognitive tests. These findings have implications for instance regarding the debate concerning postponing retirement age, and the use of cognitive tests in evaluations of for example work capability. © 2019 Karlsson P, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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  • 9.
    Manasatchakun, Pornpun
    et al.
    School of Healthcare and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Eskilstuna, Sweden & Boromarajonani College of Nursing Udon Thani, Udon Thani, Thailand.
    Chotiga, Pleumjit
    Boromarajonani College of Nursing Chiang Mai, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
    Hochwälder, Jacek
    School of Healthcare and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Eskilstuna, Sweden.
    Roxberg, Åsa
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI). School of Healthcare and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Eskilstuna, Sweden & VID Specialized University, Bergen, Norway .
    Sandborgh, Maria
    School of Healthcare and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Eskilstuna, Sweden.
    Asp, Margareta
    School of Healthcare and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Eskilstuna, Sweden.
    Factors associated with Healthy Aging among older persons in Northeastern Thailand2016In: Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology, ISSN 0169-3816, E-ISSN 1573-0719, Vol. 31, no 4, p. 369-384Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study was to describe factors associated with perceived health and healthy aging among older people in northeastern Thailand. Thailand’s aging population is growing and facing an increasing old-age dependency ratio. Northeastern Thailand, known as Isan, is a region in which the number of older residents is projected to grow rapidly. Older people in this region are likely to confront great threats to their health and well-being. These issues require appropriate attention and actions to promote healthyaging. However, healthy aging in this region has not been studied. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 453 older people, aged 60 years or older. Participants completed the Healthy Aging Instrument (HAI) and provided relevant demographic characteristics. Mann-Whitney U tests, Kruskal-Wallis tests and multiple regression models were used to analyze the data. Through comparative analyses, significant differences in HAI scores were observed for the following factors: marital status, residential area, disability, income level, and perceived meaningfulness in life. In the multiple regression models, residential area, disability, and marital status explained 24.30 % of the variance in HAI scores. Health promotion strategies and future targeted intervention programs should consider the importance of these factors. © 2016 The Author(s)

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  • 10.
    Manasatchakun, Pornpun
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, Eskilstuna-Västerås, Sweden.
    Chotiga, Pleumjit
    Boromarajonani College of Nursing Chiang Mai, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
    Roxberg, Åsa
    Mälardalen University, Eskilstuna-Västerås, Sweden.
    Asp, Margareta
    Mälardalen University, Eskilstuna-Västerås, Sweden.
    Healthy Ageing in Isan-Thai culture – A phenomenographic study based on older persons' lived experiences2016In: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being, ISSN 1748-2623, E-ISSN 1748-2631, Vol. 11, article id 29463Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Healthy ageing is a concept that concerns older persons’ quality of life and is a key factor in promoting wellbeing. The older population in Thailand is growing. Isan (a region of north-eastern Thailand) has been reported as having one of the most rapidly increasing older populations in the country. In order to care for and promote the health of older people, healthcare providers should understand how healthy ageing is perceived by this target group. Although healthy ageing has been studied in different contexts as well as perspectives,no studies have previously focused on older persons’ experiences of healthy ageing from a life world perspective in Isan-Thai. Therefore, the aim of this study is to describe older persons’ qualitatively different conceptions of healthy ageing in Isan-Thai culture. A phenomenographic approach with an epistemological base in lifeworld theory was used to disclose the various ways to conceptualize healthy ageing. Individual, qualitative interviews were conducted with 17 older people aged 60 and above who live in Isan-Thai. The findings of this study revealed three categories of descriptions: “being independent in dependence”, “being at peace”, and “being a valuable person”. This study also found family members, friends, healthcare providers, and religion important to healthy ageing in the Isan-Thai culture. Understanding how older people conceptualize healthy aging is valuable for healthcare providers. They can apply these findings regarding healthy ageing in their fieldwork when caring for older people. © 2016 P. Manasatchakun et al.

  • 11. Mautz, Brian S.
    et al.
    Lind, Martin I.
    Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Maklakov, Alexei A.
    Dietary restriction improves fitness of ageing parents but reduces fitness of their offspring in nematodes2020In: The Journals of Gerontology: Series A, Vol. 75, p. 843-848Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Abstract. Dietary restriction (DR) is a well-established intervention to extend lifespan across taxa. Recent studies suggest that DR-driven lifespan extension

  • 12.
    Thorvaldsson, Valgeir
    et al.
    University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Karlsson, Peter
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI). University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Skoog, Johan
    University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Skoog, Ingmar
    Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Johansson, Boo
    University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Better Cognition in New Birth Cohorts of 70 Year Olds, But Greater Decline Thereafter2017In: The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences, ISSN 1079-5014, E-ISSN 1758-5368, Vol. 72, no 1, p. 16-24Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives

    To evaluate birth cohort differences in level of cognition and rate of change in old age.

    Methods

    Data were drawn from three population-based Swedish samples including age-homogenous cohorts born 1901/02, 1906/07, and 1930, and measured on the same cognitive tests at ages 70, 75, and 79 as part of the Gerontological and Geriatric Populations Studies in Gothenburg (H70). We fitted growth curve models to the data using a Bayesian framework and derived estimates and inferences from the marginal posterior distributions.

    Results

    We found moderate to large birth cohort effects in level of performance on all cognitive outcomes. Later born cohorts, however, showed steeper linear rate of decline on reasoning, spatial ability, and perceptual- and motor-speed, but not on picture recognition memory and verbal ability.

    Discussion

    These findings provide strong evidence for substantial birth cohort effects in cognition in older ages and emphasize the importance of life long environmental factors in shaping cognitive aging trajectories. Inferences from cognitive testing, and standardization of test scores, in elderly populations must take into account the substantial birth cohort differences. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved.

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