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  • 1.
    Adolfsson, Jakob
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Education, Humanities and Social Science.
    Hallberg, Joel
    Halmstad University, School of Education, Humanities and Social Science.
    Digitala verktyg i ämnet idrott och hälsa: Ur ett lärarperspektiv i årskurs 7-9.2019Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Idag ska det finnas digitala inslag i ämnet idrott och hälsa och skolan har generellt blivit mer digitaliserad. Det kan vara svårt att veta hur digitala verktyg kan implementeras i idrottsundervisningen, varför det ska användas och vad det egentligen medför till ämnet som är praktiskt inriktat. I dagens samhälle är det viktigt med digital kompetens både för lärare och elever, vilket kräver tid och kunskap. Syftet var att belysa digitaliseringen i skolan. Delmålen med studien var att undersöka digitaliseringens påverkan i ämnet idrott och hälsa samt hur digitala verktyg används i undervisningen under olika former. Studien genomfördes på olika skolor i Västra Sverige där tio idrottslärare med olika erfarenheter, kön och ålder intervjuades. Frågorna som behandlades i studien var hur digitala hjälpmedel och verktyg användes under lektionerna inom idrott och hälsa, varför digitala verktyg används för elevernas lärande inom idrott och hälsa samt vilka hinder digitaliseringen kan medföra i ämnet idrott och hälsa. Det som främst framkom i studien var att digitala verktyg inte används i alla moment utan främst i momenten dans, orientering och redskapsgymnastik. Det används även för att skapa ett formativt lärande och bedömningsunderlag. Hinder digitaliseringen medför var att det bidrar till stillasittande, mer skärmtid och mer arbete för idrottslärarna. 

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  • 2.
    Ageberg, Eva
    et al.
    Department Of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Brodin, Eva M.
    Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
    Linnéll, Jennie
    Department Of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Moesch, Karin
    Department Of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Donaldson, Alex
    La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
    Adébo, Emme
    Regional Handball Federation In South Sweden, Lund, Sweden.
    Benjaminse, Anne
    University Of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; Hanze University Of Applied Sciences, Groningen, Netherlands.
    Ekengren, Johan
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Granér, Simon
    Department Of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Johnson, Urban
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Lucander, Karolina
    Department Of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Myklebust, Grethe
    Norwegian School Of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
    Møller, Merete
    Norwegian School Of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway; University Of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
    Tranaeus, Ulrika
    Swedish School Of Sport And Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Bunke, Sofia
    Department Of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Cocreating injury prevention training for youth team handball: bridging theory and practice2022In: BMJ Open Sport and Exercise Medicine, ISSN 2055-7647, Vol. 8, no 2, article id 001263Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Although it is advocated that end-users are engaged in developing evidence-based injury prevention training to enhance the implementation, this rarely happens. The € Implementing injury Prevention training ROutines in TEams and Clubs in youth Team handball (I-PROTECT)' uses an ecological participatory design incorporating the perspectives of multiple stakeholders throughout the project. Within the I-PROTECT project, the current study aimed to describe the development of holistic injury prevention training specifically for youth handball players through using knowledge from both end-users (coaches and players) and researchers/handball experts. Employing action evaluation within participatory action research, the cyclical development process included three phases: research team preparation, handball expert-based preparation and end-user evaluation to develop injury prevention training incorporating both physical and psychological perspectives. To grow the knowledge of the interdisciplinary research team, rethinking was conducted within and between phases based on participants' contributions. Researchers and end-users cocreated examples of handball-specific exercises, including injury prevention physical principles (movement technique for upper and lower extremities, respectively, and muscle strength) combined with psychological aspects (increase end-user motivation, task focus and body awareness) to integrate into warm-up and skills training within handball practice. A cyclical development process that engaged researchers/handball experts and end-users to cocreate evidence-based, theory-informed and context-specific injury prevention training specifically for youth handball players generated a first pilot version of exercises including physical principles combined with psychological aspects to be integrated within handball practice. © 2022 BMJ Publishing Group. All rights reserved. © 2022 BMJ Publishing Group. All rights reserved.

  • 3.
    Alfermann, Dorothee
    et al.
    University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Tyskland.
    Stambulova, Natalia
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI).
    Career transitions and career termination2007In: Handbook of sport psychology / [ed] Gershon Tenenbaum and Robert C. Eklund, Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons, 2007, 3, p. 712-733Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this chapter is to comprehensively overview this research area and expand the perspectives provided in the two earlier editions of this Handbook. In this chapter, we first define and explain the key concepts of athletic career, career transition, and career termination. In subsequent sections, we discuss the theoretical background, the empirical research, and intervention approaches as they are concerned with career transitions and termination. We close the chapter with suggestions for future research in the career transition area.

  • 4.
    Allirol-Molin, Céline
    Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET).
    Vilken av stretchingmetoderna statisk stretching, dynamisk stretching och proprioceptiv neuromuskulär facilitering är mest effektiv för att öka rörligheten i hamstrings?- en litteraturstudie2013Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Sammanfattning

    Bakgrund: Stretching har använts i många år inom sport och rehabilitering med målet att minska risken för muskelskador, bland annat skador i kombination med kort hamstrings. Flera olika stretchingmetoder används för att uppnå ökad rörlighet. Tre av dessa är; 1) Statisk stretching, 2) Dynamisk stretching, 3) Proprioceptiv neuromuskulär facilitering (PNF).

    Syfte: Syftet med den här litteraturstudien var att jämföra och undersöka tre olika stretchingmetoder (statisk, dynamisk och PNF stretching) för att se vilken som är mest effektiv för att öka rörligheten i hamstringsmuskulaturen.

    Metod: Sökning av artiklar gjordes i databaserna Pubmed, Sport Discus, samt Science Direct. Sökorden som användes var static stretching, dynamic stretching, pnf, flexibility samt range of motion. Totalt inkluderades till slut 26 artiklar i den här litteraturöversikten som dels överensstämde med inklusionskriterierna och som dessutom var tillgängliga gratis och i fulltext.

    Resultat: De flesta studierna var gjorda på unga vuxna mellan 16 och 35 år. Alla studier utom två visade på en statistisk signifikant ökning av rörligheten i hamstrings. Ferber et al. som studerade olika PNF-tekniker, uppvisade bäst resultat med en ökad hamstring rörlighet på 15,66 ± 0,95°. Den PNF-teknik som gav detta resultat var PNF- Agonist Contract-Relax.

    Slutsats: Baserat på de resultat som gavs i studierna verkar statisk stretching och PNF fungera lika bra, men, studierna som gjorts på PNF är för få för att verkligen kunna fastställa att denna teknik är lika bra som statisk stretching. Mycket få studier har gjorts på dynamisk stretching (färre än PNF) vilket innebär att det är svårt att bedöma exakt vilken effekt dynamisk stretching har på hamstrings rörlighet.

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  • 5.
    Alvarsson, Evelina
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI), Sport Health and Physical activity.
    Lorentzson, Moa
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI), Sport Health and Physical activity.
    Mobbning på arbetsplatsen: En litteraturstudie om mobbningens konsekvenser ur ett folkhälsoperspektiv2015Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Introduktion: Eftersom det inte finns någon riktig benämning på vad vuxenmobbning innefattar är detta område inte särskilt belyst. Det som på senare år tagits fram är att mobbing som förekommer på arbetsplatsen är orsaken till många sjukskrivningar. 

    Syftet: Syftet med studien var att beskriva hälsokonsekvenserna av mobbning på arbetsplatsen.     

    Metod: Studien genomfördes som en litteraturstudie där 15 vetenskapliga artiklar utgjorde grunden. Artiklarna granskades och därefter skapades två teman. 

    Resultat: De psykiska hälsoeffekterna av mobbning kan vara kort- och långsiktiga. De psykiska hälsoproblemen som ångest och depression kan övergå till fysiska åkommor så som sömnproblem, muskelsmärta och infektioner. 

    Implikation: Kunskap om mobbning kan användas till att utveckla trygga arbetsmiljöer för att motverka mobbning. 

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  • 6.
    Alverdes, Lukas
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science.
    Short-term effects of 90/90 breathing with ball and balloon on core stability2018Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 40 credits / 60 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background Breathing is a life preserving mechanism that can influence muscles of the core and its stabilizing mechanisms, especially by the function of the diaphragm and intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) build-up. The 90/90 bridge with ball and balloon (90/90 breathing) is one technique doing so, thereby affecting the core and core stability (CS). Both have been shown to influence injury, and in some studies performance, and are therefore deemed important. In the Functional Training branch exercises that influence CS are used as core activations in the warm-up to increase performance in the short-term, but scientific proof for that is lacking. Objective The aim of this study was therefore to investigate if a core activation in the form of the 90/90 breathing can increase the short-term CS. Methods To test this an intervention trial was designed where the subjects were divided into a control group (CG) and a breathing group (BG). Three CS-tests were done to assess the CS at two times, Pre and Post. The double-leg-lowering (DLL), the unilateral-hip-bridge (UHB) and the single-leg-stand (SLS). The BG did the 90/90 breathing in between Pre and Post, whereas the CG did nothing. The data was checked for group differences at Pre and Post as well as the difference in the performance change from Pre to Post between groups using Independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test. Improvements from Pre to Post within groups were calculated with Pared Samples t-test and Wilcoxon tests. Results No consistent effect of the intervention was found. The DLL showed the most positive results with a performance improvement in the BG and a greater performance change for the BG than for the CG. The UHB showed mixed results with a better performance at Post for the BG in both legs but only an improvement for the non-dominant leg in the BG. The SLS showed no improvement for the BG in any test. Conclusion The inconsistent results show no general positive effect of the 90/90 breathing on CS. However, the positive effects in the DLL make a position and task specific effect of the 90/90 breathing on CS possible. Practitioners and coaches should consider this task specificity when planning warm-ups. Future research should also choose CS tests and training exercises more task specific to the studied objectives to obtain more distinct results. More research on the short-term effects of CS interventions is needed for a clearer understanding of the subject.

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  • 7.
    Andersen, Mark
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI). Institute for Social Neuroscience, Ivanhoe, Australia.
    Identity and the Elusive self: Western and Eastern Approaches to Being No One2020In: Journal of Sport Psychology in Action, ISSN 2152-0704, E-ISSN 2152-0712, Vol. 4, no 11, p. 243-253Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Ideas about self and identity being illusions have been around for a long time in both Eastern and Western philosophies and psychologies. In this article, I trace the concept of there being no independent self (separate from conscious experience) from its ancient roots in the philosophies of Heraclitus and the Buddha through the Age of Enlightenment (David Hume) to modern times (William James, the Dalai Lama). In sport and exercise psychology, substantial interest has grown in mindfulness practices with little attention paid to its original goal in Buddhism of the realization of no-self. The question is, however, what might be the usefulness of these concepts about the illusory nature of the self and identity in the world of sport and exercise psychology service? © 2020 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

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  • 8.
    Anderson, Lisa
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS).
    COPINGS INNEHÅLL, EFFEKT OCH RELATION TILL PRESTATION INOM GOLF2012Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 5 credits / 7,5 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 9.
    Andersson, Alice
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Nygren, Moa
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Miljöns roll i utvecklandet och bibehållandet av sydvästsvenska elitidrottares karriärer2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Elite sport is tied to high demands and the sport milieus are on a constant quest to get new top results and produce new talented athletes to achieve them. According to Systems Theory, no phenomena is to be understood without understanding the context in which it exists. Former research within the Holistic Ecological Approach have relied on this perspective to study how the environment can be formed to develop talented athletes. What has not been studies is elite athletes’ own perceptions of how the characteristics of the environment has contributed to their athletic career, and what characteristics of the environment they find important to be able to continue their elite career. This purpose of this thesis was therefore to investigate this by interviewing 10 elite athletes who compete with the world top athletes in their sport. Each of the participants lived in the south-west of Sweden and represented traditionally individual sports. The thesis concluded that the values of the family and the competition friendly culture of the childhood sports club had been important environmental characteristics in developing the career, together with interactions of key persons and key events. To continue their careers, the participants expressed the importance of a holistic wellbeing through the understanding from all parts of their environment, together with the possibility of equal sparring as most important.

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  • 10.
    Andersson, Camilla
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), Biological and Environmental Systems (BLESS), Biomechanics and Biomedicine.
    Törnqvist, Lena
    Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), Biological and Environmental Systems (BLESS), Biomechanics and Biomedicine.
    Effekten av plyometrisk träning i starten för unga elitsimmare2011Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Previous studies on power have shown the relevance for athletic performance. Furthermore, there are several studies in plyometric training that demonstrate improvement in elasticity in sprint performance. However, few studies have been made on plyometric training for swimmers. We find it startling that no further studies have been made according to the positive effects that have been shown in swim performance. 

     

    The aim of this study was to investigate if the swimmer can increase in power output by performing plyometric training for eight weeks in link with regular exercise. In this study we used a test group of seven male and three female elite junior swimmers from Laxen, Halmstad.

     

    The tests conducted were 1RM squat, long jump, squat jump and the time between start and slide phase. We analyzed data with Dartfish. The training program was carried out twice a week for eight weeks to increase power output. The exercises were one leg bounding, truck jump, countermovement jump with medicine ball and vertical jump with weight.

     

    The improvements were significant in three of four tests. Mean pre-test of 1RM was 86.7 kg (± 16.8) and post-study had average increased to 95 kg (± 10.8). The results showed a significant difference (p = 0.05). Mean pre-test on the squat jump was 36.4 inches (± 5.5) and post-test had average increased to 41.8 cm (± 6.3). The results showed a significant difference (p = 0.001). Mean pre-test on the long jump was 2.42 meters (± 22.5) and post-test had average increased to 2.64 m (± 23.3). The results showed a significant difference (p = 0.001). The swim start showed no significant difference but the time was reduced by 9.2 percent. The greatest difference was in squat jump, which had an increase of 20 percent.

     

    The conclusion was that the swimmers gained a greater force after the training period. The tests in 1RM, squat jump and long jump had a significant difference. The swimmers had an increase in performance at the start of 9,2 percent. Although it was not a significant difference in the start, each percent increase in elite swimming is important.

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  • 11.
    Andersson, Christoffer
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science.
    Golf swing rotational max power correlation to clubhead speed, ball speed and carry distance in young elite golf players.2017Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: In ballistic sports like golf power production in rotational movement play a major role for performance. To hit the ball far, high clubhead speed is crucial in golf and rotational power (medicine ball throws) have shown to have a good correlation to clubhead speed. A lower golf handicap has also shown to correlate well with higher clubhead speed. Few sport specific power tests have been executed and training and testing sport specific are associated with high performance in a sport. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between three parameters (power, velocity and force) measured in a golf specific rotational test and clubhead speed (CHS), ball speed (BS) and carry distance (CD) on young elite golfers. Methods: Twenty-six golfers, 16 men and 10 women, completed the study. Two tests were performed on separate occasion; one golf performance test using Trackman launch monitor and one golf specific rotational test in 1080 Quantum. CHS, BS and CD were collected in the golf performance test and max power, force and velocity in the golf specific rotational test. To study the relationship between the selected variables, spearman’s correlations coefficient (rs) was used and analyzed the total group, and in men and women separately. Results: Excellent correlation was found between max power and CHS (r=0.9, p<0.00). Good correlation was found between force and CHS (r=0.8, p<0.00). Moderate correlations were found between force and BS and force and CD and max power and CD (r=0.7, p<0.00). Poor correlations were found between velocity and CHS, BS and CD (r=0.3, p>0.50). Conclusion: This study showed that strong correlations seem to exist between power production in a golf specific rotation test and Golf performance in young elite golfers. Even force also seems to have an impact on golf performance while velocity showed little to no correlation to golf performance.

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  • 12.
    Andersson, Emil
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Effekter av en MAC-intervention på Prestation, Mindfulness, Emotionsreglering, Prestationsångest och Psykologisk Ohälsa Jämfört med en Gruppdynamikintervention2021Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this study was to examine effects of a Mindfulness-Acceptance-Commitment (MAC) intervention on football performance, mindfulness, emotional regulation, performance anxiety and psychological illness (general anxiety, depression and emotional/physical fatigue) compared to an active control group over time. Effects of the intervention were measured through a quantitative survey at three measure points, pre and post (immediately after) the intervention together with a two months follow up. The participants were young elite football players (n = 44, Mage = 16.8, SD = 0.65) from the same senior high school. The participants were divided into four groups, one experiment group and one control group for each of the sexes. The intervention consisted of six sessions spread over six weeks, where the experiment group took part of the MAC intervention and the control group went through a group dynamic intervention. Mix-model ANOVA showed no significant difference in effect for any variable, thus no differences between the experiment group and the control group. This suggest that MAC has no additional effects on football performance and psychological illness compared to a group dynamics intervention. 

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  • 13.
    Andersson, Emil
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Egertz, Sofia
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Socialt stöd som moderator i relation mellan stressfyllda händelser och mental ohälsa2017Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka om socialt stöd fungerar som en moderator i relation mellan stressfyllda händelser och mental ohälsa hos elitidrottare. Genom ett strategiskt bekvämlighetsurval deltog 88 elitidrottare (ålder M=17.3, SD=2.4) från södra Sverige, som representerade idrotterna fotboll (N=71) och volleyboll (N=17). Studien baserades på ett frågeformulär med följande instrument: Life Events Survey for Collegiate  Athletes (LESCA), The Athlete Received Support Questionnaire (ARSQ) och General Health Questionnaire (GHQ 12). Resultatet visade stöd för hypotesen då socialt stöd delvis modererade sambandet mellan stressfyllda händelser och symptom av mental ohälsa. Resultatet diskuterades utifrån studiens referensramar.

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  • 14.
    Andersson, Emilia
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS).
    West, Malin
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS).
    Idrottande ungdomars inställning till mental styrka2013Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet (även kallat huvudtema i kategoriprofilen) med studien var primärt att (1) undersöka vilkeninställning idrottande ungdomar har till begreppet mental styrka. Sekundärt syfte som förs upp tilldiskussion var att (2) skapa en förståelse om hur de tränar och upprätthåller sin mentala styrka samt(3) vilka faktorer under träning och tävling som deltagarna anser är viktiga för att utveckla ochupprätthålla mental styrka. I studien deltog tio idrottande ungdomar (m= 16,24), 6 män och 4kvinnor inom både lag och individuella idrotter. En egen utformad semi- strukturerad intervjuguideanvändes, utvecklad med teoretiskt stöd från Jones et al., (2007) och Gucciardi et el., (2009).Resultaten i studien visade att deltagarnas inställning och kunskap om begreppet mental styrkavarierade. De flesta deltagarna hade en positiv inställning och ansåg att det var en viktig faktor i deflesta situationer inom deras idrott. Vidare visade resultaten att ungdomarna fick för liteundervisning och fokus på mentala faktorer från både skola och tränare. Såväl praktiskaimplikationer av resultat som förslag på vidare forskning inom området ges.

     

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  • 15.
    Andersson, Fannie
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Jansson, Oscar
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Upplevt socialt stöd under en rehabiliteringsprocess: En kvalitativ forskningsstudie på lagidrottares upplevelser av en långvarig knäskada2022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    During a rehabilitation process, athletes can face physical and psychological challenges that can have a negative impact on their well-being. Social support has been shown through previous studies to facilitate rehabilitation for athletes as it can reduce a psychological strain in perceived stress that the injury and the situation may cause. The purpose of the study was to examine, from a psychological perspective, team athletes' experiences of a rehabilitation process, with a focus on social support. Eight semi-structured interviews were conducted with team athletes who had all undergone a rehabilitation process for a severe knee injury. The results discovered that the interviewees used various forms of social support and facilitated the psychological strain that a rehabilitation process puts. The interviewees experienced that the social support from the teammates generated a sensation of belonging to the team and had a positive effect on the motivation to maintain the rehabilitation plan. The social support that an athlete experiences during a rehabilitation process can also generate a feeling of stress that is affected based on how the individual interprets the situation. The results of the study found that a rehabilitation can be affected by the one who gives the social support and its form and can have different effects on the team athletes' result of the rehabilitation. The conclusion based on the results of the study was that a team athlete has during a rehabilitation process access to different social support and effects of who provides the support can be based on the situation and team athletes' interpretation of the situation.

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  • 16.
    Andersson, Johanna
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS).
    Hellsten, Johan
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS).
    Individuella idrottares upplevda källor till self-efficacy2012Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this study was to examine the sources to self-efficacy among individual sportathletes based on self-efficacy theory and the high performance pyramid.  The objectives were to examine: (A) sources individual sportathletes uses in high self-efficacy (B) sources of individual athletes in low self-efficacy (C)  the relationship between self-efficacy and performance. Ten semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten individual athletes (five men and five women) in age 18 - 27. The results showed that past experience was the major source of high self-efficacy with expressions such as "trained well before" and "good preparation" used the most by the participants. "Performance anxiety" and "external pressure” were the largest source of low self-efficacy. Examining the relationship between self-efficacy and performance revealed two pattern, high self-efficacy in 90 % cases is associated with successful performance and low self-efficacy in 80% cases is associated with poor performance.

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  • 17.
    Andersson, Josefin
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Teacher Education (LUT).
    Nilsson, Elisabet
    Halmstad University, School of Teacher Education (LUT).
    Rör sig elever tillräckligt mycket?: En studie om pojkar och flickors fysiska aktivitet på fyra olika skolor2011Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this study is to examine the extent to which children's physical activity during school  hours  are  met  in  relation  to  today’s  health  recommendations.  This  study  was  a quantitative  research  method  through  study  with  pedometers  and  observation.  The  main instrument was pedometers which the pupils wore during one day at school. The study group consisted of 74 students, made up of 36 boys and 38 girls from the 4th grade in four schools in  southern Sweden. The  results demonstrate  that  the boys were physical active 47-50 % of what  they should and  the girls 33-36 % of what  they should according  to recommendations. The boys  took about 3000 more  steps  than  the girls.  In our  study only one boy  reached  the recommended  amount  of  steps  per  day,  but  no  girl  did. The  conclusion  is  that  the  pupils  are  inactive  during  their  time  in  school.    There  are differences  in  boys'  and  girls'  physical  activity,  both  within  each  school  and  between  the schools. The observation showed that the girls stand still more than the boys during break and the girls are generally less active than the boys at all four schools.

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  • 18.
    Andersson, Niklas
    Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET).
    The Effects of a New ACL-Injury Prevention Device on Knee Kinematics and Hamstring and Quadriceps Co-Contraction: A Pilot Study2013Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) –injury is 3-5 times greater in female athletes compared to male athletes. This may be partially attributed to lower levels of hamstring-quadriceps co-contraction in females with subsequent knee kinematics that increases risk of ACL-injury. Finding training methods that improves co-contraction and increases knee stability is important.

    Objectives: To evaluate the effects of a new device on hamstring-quadriceps co-contraction and to investigate if training with the device can alter knee kinematics in female athletes.

    Study design: Controlled experimental study design with repeated measures.

    Method: Twenty soccer and floor ball athletes were measured with electromyography (EMG) for hamstring-quadriceps co-contraction while performing squats with and without the device. Thirteen athletes also underwent three-dimensional kinematic analyses, measuring knee abduction angles (at initial ground contact and peak angle) during a drop jump, before and after a six week intervention period with the device. Friedman’s test and Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to assess differences and effect sizes (ES) were calculated.

    Results: Co-contraction was consistently larger on the device (medial side: p<0.001, ES=0.88; lateral side: p<0.001, ES=0.80) and the ratio of medial-to-lateral co-contraction increased (p=0.001, ES=0.79). In the kinematic analysis low adherence rates amongst our subjects meant that the effects of the device on kinematics could not be measured.

    Conclusion: Performing squats with the new training device stimulates increased hamstring-quadriceps co-contraction and increases the ratio of medial-to-lateral co-contraction. The effects of the device on knee kinematics have yet to be determined.

     

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  • 19.
    Aprile, Roberto
    et al.
    University Of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy.
    Nicoliello, Mario
    University Of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
    Durst, Susanne
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Innovation and Sustainability. Tallinn University Of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia.
    Framing intellectual capital for elite athletes2022In: Journal of Intellectual Capital, ISSN 1469-1930, E-ISSN 1758-7468, Vol. 23, no 7, p. 1-17Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: This conceptual paper proposes an intellectual capital (IC) framework dedicated to elite athletes (EA) to demonstrate the usefulness of IC on individual persons. Thus, it connects EA with the concept of IC.

    Design/methodology/approach: The paper is inspired by the classical IC dimensions (human capital, structural capital and relational capital), which are used to develop the IC framework for EA. An exemplary case study is used to validate the framework.

    Findings: It is argued that there is a need to adapt the traditional IC framework for EA. Therefore, this paper proposes a specific IC framework consisting of natural capital, sports capital and media capital. Research limitations/implications: This paper deals with EA and the sports industry, but should be extended to other sectors where aspects such as image and celebrity represent significant intangible resources.

    Practical implications: The proposed IC framework can help EA and their managers to better understand how IC value is created.

    Originality/value: This paper extends the IC concept to other fields of application, i.e. EA, and thus individual persons. © 2021, Roberto Aprile, Mario Nicoliello and Susanne Durst.

  • 20.
    Arlegui, Leigh
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science.
    Changes in Anaerobic Sprint Performance, Perceived Muscle Soreness and Sleep Quality after Wearing Compression Garments during Recovery from a Strength Training Workout2016Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Compression garments are elastic, body-tight pieces of clothing with different pressure gradients used as a recovery method after exercise, such as strength training. Compression garments have increased in popularity within recreational and elite athletes as it is believed that they promote a reduction of muscle soreness and inflammation, which in turn may enhance performance. However, the exact physiological, psychological and performance enhancing effects of compression garments after recovery still remain unknown. Aim: To investigate whether female and male recreational athletes wearing full leg customised compression garments for at least 15 hours following a personalised strength training workout leads to an improvement in anaerobic sprint cycling performance as well as a reduction of perceived muscle soreness. Additionally a sleep quality assessment was conducted to assess the effects of the garments during sleep. Methods: Thirteen male and female subjects took part of a cross-over, randomised, controlled study. Subjects performed the first set of tests including Wingate anaerobic sprint test followed by their personalised strength training workout, after which they recovered with Compression Garments (CGS) or without compression garments (CON). They then returned 24hrs later to perform the second set of tests. Ten days later the same procedure was conducted however the other recovery method was used. Results: No significantdifferences were found between CGS and CON for the Wingate anaerobic test performance. Perceived muscle soreness was lower when subjects wore the garments and they felt better recovered 24hrs post-intervention compared to the CON condition. Some aspects of sleep were affected by wearing the compression garments during sleep however it was unclear whether this had an impact on performance. Conclusion: Recovering with customised full leg compression garments did not promote an improvement of physiological power performance 24 hours after a personalised strength training workout session. However perceived muscle soreness was reduced and the perception of recovery improved. The compression garments caused some sleep disturbances as subjects rated that they were too warm, suggesting a possible drawback of recovering with garments if worn during sleep.

  • 21.
    Back, Jenny
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Johnson, Urban
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Svedberg, Petra
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Ivarsson, Andreas
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Achievement goals, motivational climate, perceived sport competence and dropout: a prospective study in adolescent soccer2022Conference paper (Refereed)
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  • 22.
    Back, Jenny
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Johnson, Urban
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Svedberg, Petra
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    McCall, Alan
    School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
    Ivarsson, Andreas
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Drop-out from team sport among adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies2022In: Psychology of Sport And Exercise, ISSN 1469-0292, E-ISSN 1878-5476, Vol. 61, article id 102205Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    During the last decades, an increased drop-out rate in adolescents’ team sport participation is observed. Given the potential adverse consequences of drop-out from team sport more information about risk factors for drop-out is warranted. The objectives of this systematic review were to (1) synthesise the literature on factors associated with future drop-out from team sport among adolescents and (2) investigate the strength of associations between drop-out and related factors with meta-analysis. The databases Academic Search Elite, ERIC, PsycINFO, PubMed and SPORTDiscus were searched for relevant publications from the earliest reported date until October 8, 2021. Articles were included if: (1) data about drop-out was collected; (2) the focus was on adolescents; (3) the context was team sport and (4) studies were of prospective design. We used the Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Non-randomized Studies (RoBANS) to assess the risk of bias in included studies. A narrative synthesis was conducted according to the reporting guideline of synthesis without meta-analysis. Studies that presented statistical data necessary for the calculation of Hedge’s g effect sizes were included in the meta-analysis. In total, 16 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the narrative synthesis. The meta-analysis included 12 of the studies. Altogether, 6304 adolescent team sport players participated in the selected studies. Of those studies, most had a focus on intrapersonal factors relationship with drop-out. The results showed that constructs related to motivation as well as sport experience had the strongest relationships with drop-out. To prevent drop-out from adolescents’ team sport, organisations and clubs are recommended to focus on developing a high-quality motivation climate that facilitates motivation and enjoyment. © 2022 The Authors

  • 23.
    Back, Jenny
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI), Health and Sport.
    Josefsson, Torbjörn
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI), Health and Sport.
    Ivarsson, Andreas
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI), Health and Sport.
    Gustafsson, Henrik
    Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden.
    Psychological risk factors for exercise dependence2021In: International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, ISSN 1612-197X, E-ISSN 1557-251X, Vol. 19, no 4, p. 461-472Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The main aim of this study was to investigate if exercisers’ personality characteristics were associated with exercise dependence. Specifically, the purpose was to examine if anxiety, obsessive passion, and physical appearance orientation were associated to an increased risk for exercise dependence. Participants were 330 exercisers from exercise groups, sport clubs and university sport science classes in the southwest of Sweden. Data were analysed using CHAID (Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detection) analysis. The CHAID analysis indicated that anxiety was the main predictor of exercise dependence. More specifically, 12.7% more exercisers who experienced high levels of anxiety symptoms (i.e. scores above 6), were, in comparison to the exercises experiencing low levels of anxiety, classified as “at risk for exercise dependence”. For exercisers that reported low levels of anxiety symptoms (i.e. scores below 7), obsessive passion for exercise was a positive statistically significant predictor (absolute risk difference = 8.6%). Overall, the results highlight anxiety as a main risk factor behind exercise dependence. Also, the risk of exercise dependence may increase either from obsessive passion or as a coping strategy for anxiety. Furthermore, results may illustrate two types of exercise dependence; “primary” exercise dependence driven mainly by an obsessive passion for exercise and “secondary” exercise dependence where exercise function as a strategy to cope with anxiety. © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

  • 24.
    Bengtsson, Dennis
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Stenling, Andreas
    Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway.
    Nygren, Jens M.
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Ntoumanis, Nikos
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare. University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
    Ivarsson, Andreas
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    The effects of interpersonal development programmes with sport coaches and parents on youth athlete outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis2024In: Psychology of Sport And Exercise, ISSN 1469-0292, E-ISSN 1878-5476, Vol. 70, article id 102558Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Interpersonal coach-and parent development programmes (CDP and PDP, respectively), have the goal to foster positive youth sport experiences through high-quality relations between coaches, parents, and youth athletes. In this paper we systematically reviewed the extant literature and estimate the overall magnitude of such programmes and how they can inform future interventions. Specifically, we aimed to: (a) conduct a systematic review on the literature of interpersonal CDPs and PDPs within the youth sport context; (b) examine the effects of such interventions on youth athlete outcomes via a meta-analysis. English written peer-reviewed publications and grey literature was identified through electronic search in databases and manual searches of reference lists. By utilising a priori criteria for inclusion and exclusion, 33 studies describing interpersonal CDPs, and PDPs were identified in the systematic review. Studies that presented required data for estimation of Hedge's g effect sizes were included in the meta-analysis (k = 27). By and large, the included studies used a quasi-experimental design (58%), sampled from team sports (79%), and reported several delivery methods (e.g., workshops, audio feedback, observations, peer group discussions) and outcome measures (e.g., anxiety, autonomous motivation, self-confidence). Some interventions were based on the same delivery protocols (e.g., Coach Effectiveness Training, Mastery Approach to Coaching) or theoretical frameworks (e.g., Achievement Goal Theory, Self-Determination Theory). The meta-analysis showed statistically significant small, and medium, effect sizes on a subsample of youth athlete outcomes (e.g., task-related climate, fun and enjoyment, anxiety), indicating that coach interpersonal skills can contribute to positive youth sport experiences. Theory-based interpersonal CDPs and PDPs are recommended to expand the knowledge in this field of research. © 2023 The Authors

  • 25.
    Bengtsson, Oscar
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), Biological and Environmental Systems (BLESS), Biomechanics and Biomedicine.
    Petersson, Johan
    Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), Biological and Environmental Systems (BLESS), Biomechanics and Biomedicine.
    MAXIMAL STYRKA I ENBENSKNÄBÖJ KORRELERAR MED ACCELERATIONS KAPACITET OCH AGILITY2010Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Strong correlations have been found between strength in the two leg squat exercise and sprint performance in various distances but not in sprint performance in agility. In studies the most common way to test squat strength is on two legs.

    The purpose in this study was to investigate the correlation between maximal strength in a bulgarian split squat in a smith machine and speed in various sprint distances and agility.

    The test group were 19 men (age 23,9 ± 2,5 ) with regular experience in intermittent team sports. Sprint tests at 5, 10 and 20 meter and the zigzag agility test were performed. The bulgarian split squat was performed in a smith machine with the barbell on the shoulders to a depth of 110 degrees between tibia and femur.

    The results show significant correlation between maximal strength in the bulgarian split squat and sprint capacity in the 5 and 10 meter sprint test as well as the agility test. Maximal strength relative to bodyweight showed significant correlation with the 5 and 20 meter sprint as well as the agility test. The zigzag agility test also showed strong correlation between all distances in the sprint tests.

    Our conclusions based on the results are that the bulgarian split squat puts big demands on balance, stability and coordination and is therefore a specific movement towards sprints that include changes of direction. The maximum strength in a split squat is a good predictor for sprint capacity in sprints. Implementing one leg exercises in the strength and conditioning routine can be good for athletes in intermittent sports to improve the sports specific sprint capacity.

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  • 26.
    Bengtsson, Tova
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Olsson, Vilma
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Motivationsklimat som moderator till relationen mellan motivationskvalitet och intentioner till fortsatt fotbollsspelande: En kvantitativ studie baserad på unga fotbollsspelare.2022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of the study was to investigate the following (1) the relationship between self-determiningmotivation and intentions to continue playing football is moderated positively by a task-orientedmotivational climate, (2) the relationship between self-determining motivation and intentions tocontinue playing football is negatively moderated by a results-oriented motivational climate. And(3) the relationship between controlled motivation and intentions to continue playing football ispositively moderated by a results-oriented motivational climate. The research design was aquantitative cross-sectional study which, through the availability sample, recruited a total of 96young football players in different divisions, aged 16-20 years (M=17.01, SD=1.02). The results ofthe study confirmed hypothesis (2), where there was a statistically significant relationship betweenself-determining motivation and higher intentions to continue playing football, which wasmoderated negatively by a results-oriented motivation climate. Hypothesis (1) and hypothesis (3)did not appear to be statistically significant. The results of the study can be a basis for advocatingself-determining forms of motivation and avoiding a results-oriented motivational climate in youthfootball in order to increase the intentions of continued football participation.

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  • 27.
    Bennike, Søren
    et al.
    The Danish Football Association, Brøndby, Denmark.
    Storm, Rasmus K.
    University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Wikman, Johan Michael
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI).
    Ottesen, Laila
    Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Club football in Denmark  – a game between state policy and the DFA2018In: Sport, Discriminations and Inclusion: Challenges to Face (Book of Abstracts): 15th European Association for Sociology of Sport Conference. Bordeaux, France, 23rd - 26th May 2018, Bordeaux: European Association for the Sociology of Sport , 2018, p. 56-56Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 28.
    Bennike, Søren
    et al.
    Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Storm, Rasmus K.
    Danish Institute for Sports Studies, Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Wikman, Johan Michael
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI).
    Ottesen, Laila S.
    Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark & Copenhagen Centre for Team Sport and Health, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
    The organization of club football in Denmark – a contemporary profile2020In: Soccer & Society, ISSN 1466-0970, E-ISSN 1743-9590, Vol. 21, no 5, p. 551-571Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This article provides an understanding of the organization of Danish club football, including both grassroots and professional activities. We do this by analysing how it has developed and how it relates to four basic social orders viewed as ideal types; civil society, market, state and associations. Our study is grounded in document analysis, a questionnaire survey and existing knowledge of sports clubs and, in particular, football clubs. Our findings show how Danish football is a game that operates between these social orders. We highlight four unique traits: firstly, the existence of an overall formal, bureaucratic, non-profit, rather autonomous associative decentral democratic structure; secondly, a high number of non-profit, democratically organized grassroots clubs of different sizes spread around the country; thirdly, late professionalism; and fourthly, the creation of a certain business model of professional Danish football. © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

  • 29.
    Bennike, Søren
    et al.
    Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark & Copenhagen Centre for Team Sport and Health, Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Wikman, Johan Michael
    Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark & Copenhagen Centre for Team Sport and Health, Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Ottesen, Laila Susanne
    Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark & Copenhagen Centre for Team Sport and Health, Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Football Fitness – a new version of football?: A concept for adult players in Danish football clubs2014In: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, ISSN 0905-7188, E-ISSN 1600-0838, Vol. 24, no Suppl. 1, p. 138-146Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This article explores a new Danish football‐based activity for health called Football Fitness (FF). Data are from quantitative and qualitative methods, and the theoretical framework for the analysis of the organizational form of FF is the theory of path dependency (Mahoney) and first‐ and second‐order change (Watzlawick et al.). Theories of Pestoff concerning differences between state, market, and the civil society and theories of voluntary associations in a Danish context (Kaspersen & Ottesen; Ibsen & Seippel) are applied. This article indicates how FF is a result of the changing landscape of sport and argues that it can be beneficial to target sports organizations and include the expertise of non‐profit sports clubs if the goal is to raise the physical activity level of the local community and make these long lasting. But the organizations need to consider how this is to be done. FF, established by the Danish Football Association (FA) and managed by the voluntary clubs, is one example in a Danish context. Data indicate that FF is beneficial to the clubs involved in a number of ways. Among other things, it attracts new user groups and improves the club environment, including social activities and parental environment. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  • 30.
    Bergenblad, Jonas
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science.
    Validation study of a portable accelerometer to measure muscular power output: Correlation between the Beast Sensor and the linear encoder MuscleLab2017Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Abstract

    Background: The ability to produce a high power output can be the deciding factor in determining which athlete wins or loses in a sporting event. Power output can be measured in an exercise like the squat or bench press. The use of a force plate, or a force plate paired with a linear position transducer is considered the gold standard when measuring power output in an exercise like the squat or bench press. Linear position transducers or linear encoders have also been considered valid methods. Power output can also be measured by accelerometers.

    Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test the concurrent validity of the accelerometer Beast Sensor by measuring average power in explosive squatting and bench pressing at 40 % and 80 % of one repetition maximum (1RM). The linear encoder MuscleLab was used as criterion.

    Methods: 17 test subjects, five women and 12 men (average age 28 years) were recruited. Fifteen of the subjects completed two test sessions. The first session determined their 1RM. The second session took place 7-14 days later and measured average power output during two sets of three repetitions at 40 % and 80 % of the subjects 1RM in explosive squats and bench presses. The average power output of the repetitions was measured simultaneously by Beast Sensor and MuscleLab. For the Beast Sensor to be considered valid, a correlation coefficient of 0.9 or higher needed to be reached.

    Results: Beast Sensor demonstrated high or very high correlations with MuscleLab for average power output of explosive squats at 40 % of 1RM (rs = 0.91), and for explosive bench presses at 40 % (rs = 0.86) and 80 % of 1RM (rs = 0.74). However, for explosive squats at 80 % of 1RM, the correlation was low (rs = 0.42). All correlations were statistically significant with p-values of < 0.01. Beast Sensor was considered valid for squats at 40 % of 1RM, but neither at 80 % of 1RM in squats, nor at 40 % or 80 % of 1RM in bench presses.

    Conclusion: Beast Sensor showed high or very high correlations with the criterion MuscleLab in three of the four assessed data variables. Only the correlation for average power output of the explosive squats at 40 % of the subject’s 1RM reached the required correlation coefficient of 0.9 or higher for the Beast Sensor to be considered valid. Except for at 40 % of 1RM in squats, Beast Sensor missed a substantial amount of repetitions. Further studies examining the reliability of the Beast Sensor are therefore needed. 

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  • 31.
    Berggren, Monika
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Sundström, Rebecca
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    En kvalitativ studie om vardagsgolfares användning av stödjande psykologiska prestationstekniker vid en golfrunda och tävling.2021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of the study was to investigate how everyday golfers’ use supportive psychological performance techniques in a round of golf and competition. Twelve everyday golfers participated in the study, six men and six women, aged 24-82 years old (M=50.33, SD=17.19). The participants in the current study played golf at least twice a week during the season. The study data emerged through a semi-structured interview guide, then the data was analyzed via a content analysis. The results showed clear contributions about the interview participants’ use of supportive psychological performance techniques in a round of golf and competition. The majority of the everyday golfers used performance techniques in challenging situations such as putting or using the driver. However, it showed that they unknowingly used and combined supportive psychological performance techniques because they could not understand how their performance was affected by their inner being. The participants did not possess a sufficient understanding of the importance, significance or function of the techniques when they perceived an effect in their golf game and thus could not explain the outcome. Studies have shown that athletes on lower levels have the ability to use techniques in the same way as elite athletes, both physically and mentally. In the same way, the interviewees showed a tendency towards similar use as elite athletes. Further implications of the performance techniques may result that the participants use the entirety of the techniques more successfully. Future research recommends studying how everyday golfers affect their game for a long time when they consciously use supportive psychological performance techniques.

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  • 32.
    Bergman, Lina
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), Biological and Environmental Systems (BLESS), Biomechanics and Biomedicine.
    Algotsson, Marcus
    Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), Biological and Environmental Systems (BLESS), Biomechanics and Biomedicine.
    Effekten av 6 veckor unilaterala knäböj, med eller utan isokinetiskt motstånd, på power och sprinttid på is hos manliga ishockeyspelare2014Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Ice-hockey are physically demanding. To be able to perform during a game it is required thatthe players have a high maximum leg strength and power. A bilateral squat is a valid and widespread exercise for improving muscle strength and power in the legs. Even more specific forice-hockey is the unilateral squat. During an isokinetic movement the velocity is pre-set andtherefore constant, while the force can be altered during the movement. Most isokineticsystems have been designed for unilateral training, but in terms of isokinetic multi-jointexercises, such as the squat, there seems to be no research until this day.The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of six weeks unilateral strength training(squat), either through traditional or isokinetic training, on power-output and 17.3 m sprinttime on ice among male junior ice-hockey players.20 elite male ice-hockey players, 18-19 years of age, was randomly divided in two differenttraining groups. One group (QG) did isokinetic unilateral squats in 1080 Quantum, with anangle of 110o degrees in the knee joint. The other group (SG) did traditional unilateral squatsin a Smith-machine, also with an angle of 110o degrees in the knee joint. The period oftraining was set to six weeks. Both groups participated in pre- and post-tests consisting ofsprint on ice and peak power in unilateral and bilateral jump squats.A significant improvement was seen with QG in peak power performed on both legs(p=0,004). SG had a significant improvement in unilateral squat performed on the right leg(p=0,018). A tendency to significant improvement was seen with QG in the ice-sprint(p=0,059).Isokinetic unilateral squat in a Smith-machine with a concentric velocity set to 0,2m/sec andan eccentric velocity set to 4,0m/sec with a maximum force is an effective exercise toimprove power-output on two legs, perhaps also to improve sprint ability on ice, among icehockeyplayers. It is difficult to draw conclusion about the results from this study whetherisokinetic unilateral squats is an effective method to improve the power compared totraditional unilateral squats in a Smith-machine with maximum speed.

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  • 33.
    Bergstrand, Maria
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Kvinnors upplevelser av stress och copingstrategier i det ideella tränaruppdraget inom fotboll2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Through using a qualitative design, the experience of stress in women and their respective coping strategies regarding their work in non-profit football activities were investigated. Eight participants were questioned in semi-structured interviews, and the results were analysed using thematic analysis. The results showed that unclear role distribution created stress as it became difficult for the informants to set boundaries between their private life and the coaching role, and a feeling of not doing enough for the players arose. The informants experienced a feeling of having to prove their competence to both parents and other leaders within the association, and during educational sessions, which created stress. Even inner doubts about a lack of competence became a challenge for the informants. In order to manage the amount of administrative tasks and take control over the situation, the informants used a mix of planning, foresight, and structure. Communication contributed to social support both from the management staff, their own family, and the players’ parents. The present study contributes with viewpoints from the perspective of women and non-profit leaders, which can contribute insights that benefit further studies and interventions for a more even gender distribution within the context of sports coaching.

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  • 34.
    Bergvall, Eric
    Halmstad University.
    The Effect of Different Passive Recovery Positions on Wingate Anaerobic Tests and Muscle Oxygenation2021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 35.
    Berntsen, Hedda
    et al.
    Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
    Ivarsson, Andreas
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI).
    Kristiansen, Elsa
    School of Business, University of South-Eastern Norway, Drammen, Norway.
    Need-supportiveness and athlete well-being: Coaches’ competence-support at risk in the elite sport context throughout the season2019In: Current Issues in Sport Science, E-ISSN 2414-6641, Vol. 4, article id 010Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study was to explore how perceptions of coaches’ behaviour affected athletes’ wellbeing, by examining: (a) the potential change in perceptions of need-support from the coach (over an academic year), and (b) the within-person relationship between the three aspects of need-supportiveness and subjective vitality at the end of the winter sport season. Elite student athletes (N = 102, M age = 17.04) completed a questionnaire three times. Bayesian growth curve analyses showed that perceptions of relatedness and autonomy support were stable and high throughout the year. In contrast, perceptions of competence support decreased during the season. In addition, the results showed a credible positive within-person relationship between changes in all three facets of needsupportiveness from the coach and vitality measured at the end of the season, which supports SDT tenets. These findings reveal the importance of need-support for athletes’ well-being, and show that competence support needs extra attention in the elite sport context where competence satisfaction is constantly challenged.

  • 36.
    Birgersson, Rikard
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), Biological and Environmental Systems (BLESS), Biomechanics and Biomedicine.
    Eliasson, Eric
    Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), Biological and Environmental Systems (BLESS), Biomechanics and Biomedicine.
    Unilateralt och bilateralt genomförande av bänkpress och dess påverkan på varandra sett till muskelaktivering, effekt, och kraftutveckling2014Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: It has been studied whether strength-exercises performed with two arms (bilateral) leads to better performance when compared to exercises performed with only one arm (unilateral), and it has been shown that both implementations result in similar results after a short training period. At the same time, research shows that mixed results between different implementations in terms of muscle activation and force development exists.

    Objective: The main purpose of this study was to see the effect of unilateral or bilateral warm-up in the bench press and its influence on subsequent unilateral and bilateral performance in the bench press, investigating the factors: muscle activation, power, and force development. A secondary purpose was to relate the results of the study to bilateral index, to see if bilateral deficit or bilateral facilitation dominates.

    Method: Strength-trained men (n = 13, age 25 ± 3 years) warmed up with two different implementations (unilateral or bilateral), and after each individual warm-up they performed three submaximal lifts (40 and 80% of 1RM) in unilateral and bilateral bench press. Muscle activity, power, and force development were measured in muscles pectoralis major, anterior deltoid, and triceps brachii, after each individual warm-up during three submaximal lifts (40 and 80% of 1RM) in unilateral and bilateral bench press.

    Results: Significant results were found in unilateral performance in power and force development after unilateral warm-up (184 ± 36 W and 164 ± 31 W; 416 ± 76 N and 412 ± 74 N) compared with bilateral warm-up (p = 0.05). There were no significant differences between the different implementations in bilateral performance. Significant differences were neither found in the muscle activation of any of the implementations. The study also found evidence of a difference between the test participants regarding bilateral deficit and bilateral facilitation in terms of power and force development, where the majority of the test participants had bilateral facilitation.

    Conclusion: Regardless of warm-up, no difference was seen in the strength-trained men regarding muscle activation in the bilateral or unilateral bench press, however, the warm-up  was of importance to performance. Therefore, unilateral warm-up should be applied before unilateral performance, as this showed significant improvement. Although no significant improvement was observed, a bilateral warm-up should also preceed a bilateral performance.

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    Unilateralt och bilateralt genomförande av bänkpress och dess påverkan på varandra sett till muskelaktivering, effekt, och kraftutveckling
  • 37.
    Bjurwill, Christer
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI).
    Read and react: The football formula1993In: Perceptual and Motor Skills, ISSN 0031-5125, E-ISSN 1558-688X, Vol. 76, no 3_suppl, p. 1383-1386Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This essay is focused on the problem of vision and intelligence in football (soccer). One-touch play is the type of football that we are to see more often in the future. To prepare the players for such play, both managers and coaches must notice the importance of technical speed and tactical creativity. © Perceptual and Motor Skills 1993 

  • 38.
    Björk, Anders
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Haag, Jonathan
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Psykologin bakom skadeprevention inom tyngdlyftning, styrkelyft, Crossfit och kroppsbyggning.: En Kvalitativ studie ur coachers perspektiv2015Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 180 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Huvudsyftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka på vilket sätt coacher inom tyngdlyftning, styrkelyft, Crossfit och kroppsbyggning implementerar preventiva strategier designade för att förebygga skador genom inverkan på psykologiska riskfaktorer. Vidare var det av intresse att undersöka vilka personlighetsdrag hos en idrottare som coacher upplevde ökade risken för skador. Ett ytterligare syfte var att studera coachernas erfarenheter av relationen mellan idrottares stressnivå och skaderisk. Totalt genomfördes nio semistrukturerade intervjuer med coacher på distrikt till internationell nivå lokaliserade i Sverige. Samtliga coacher hade tidigare erfarenhet med skadade idrottare. Resultatet sammanställdes genom en deduktiv innehållsanalys. Under intervjuerna identifierades flera interventionsstrategier som kunde relateras till Williams och Andersens (1998) stress­skademodell. Det framgick att coacherna i studien fokuserar mycket på fysiologiska och stressrelaterade aspekter och inte personlighetsdrag när de implementerar interventioner för att förebygga skador. Implikationer för skadeförebyggande träning samt förslag på framtida forskning ges.

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    Psykologin bakom skadeprevention inom tyngdlyftning-styrkelyft-crossfit-och-kroppsbyggning
  • 39.
    Björk, Oscar
    Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), Biological and Environmental Systems (BLESS), Biomechanics and Biomedicine.
    Post-activation Potentiation in Moderately Heavy Squats following a Heavy Pre-load Squat2014Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Abstract

    Post-activation potentiation (PAP) is a phenomenon where force output is acutely enhanced

    following muscular contraction. Previous research has documented enhanced performance in

    power-type light exercise following a heavy pre-load, such as vertical jumps following heavy

    squats. To date, the effect of PAP on moderately heavy exercise following a heavy pre-load

    has not been investigated. Purpose: The purpose was to examine whether PAP could be

    elicited in moderately heavy squats following a heavy squat pre-load, and if so, what intensity

    (as percentage of one repetition-maximum [1RM]) of pre-load elicited the highest PAP effect

    (measured as mean power, mean force and number of repetitions performed). Subjects:

    Seventeen resistance-trained males (age 24±2 years, length 182±8 cm, body mass 84.7±13.1

    kg, squat 1RM 147.6±29.6 kg) with at least 2 years of experience of the squat exercise.

    Methods: After testing parallel squat 1RM at a separate session, subjects performed three

    testing sessions in a randomized order in a cross-over design; performance test at 80% of

    parallel squat 1RM (control), one repetition at 85% of 1RM followed 8 minutes later by the

    same performance test (PAP85), and one repetition at 93% of 1RM followed 8 minutes later

    by the same performance test (PAP93). Sessions were separated by six days. Force and power

    output was recorded using a linear encoder. Friedman’s test was used to reveal differences

    between conditions, and a Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to identify these differences.

    Results: There was an increase in number of repetitions performed for PAP85 (p=0.009) and

    PAP93 (p=0.001) compared to control, but not for mean power or mean force. There was no

    significant difference between PAP85 and PAP93 for number of repetitions (p=0.091).

    Conclusion: PAP can be elicited to improve performance in moderately heavy squats

    following a heavy squat pre-load in trained subjects, but only measured as number of

    repetitions performed, not force or power. PAP could therefore be useful not only for

    designing power training, but also for strength and hypertrophy training.

    KEYWORDS: squat, post-activation potentiation, PAP, strength, power, hypertrophy.

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    Post-activation Potentiation in Moderately Heavy Squats following a Heavy Pre-load Squat
  • 40.
    Björkegren, Adam
    Halmstad University.
    Mindfulness2015Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 5 credits / 7,5 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 41.
    Björn, Oscar
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Carlsson, Robin
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Motivationsklimat, självbestämmande motivation och välbefinnande: En studie gjord på barn- och ungdomsfotbollsspelare2021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The study's objective was to examine if (a) self-determined motivation mediates the relationship between a task-oriented motivational climate and well-being (b) self-determined motivation mediates the relationship between an ego-oriented motivational climate and well- being. The present study is a quantitative cross-sectional design which has taken part of an ongoing research project’s collected data (Ivarsson, et al., in press). The research project used a convenience sample to select the participants, where 731 child- and youth players aged between 10-18 (M=13.7, SD=1.8) participated. The both hypotheses were confirmed by the results that showed a significant indirect relation between a task-oriented motivational climate and well-being as well as between ego-oriented motivational climate and well-being through self-determined motivation. The mediation analysis showed that a task-oriented motivational climate was related to a higher degree of self-determined motivation, which was related to a higher degree of well-being. An ego-oriented motivational climate was related to a lower degree of motivational climate, which was related to a lower degree of well-being. The results illustrate the importance of creating a task-oriented motivational climate in child- and youth sport with the purpose to foster self-determined motivation which further on can increase the probability to experience well-being. Future research should develop intervention studies with the purpose of to a greater extent study causal relationship between the three variables.

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  • 42.
    Björnell, Rebecha
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), Biological and Environmental Systems (BLESS), Biomechanics and Biomedicine.
    Kristensson, Michaela
    Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), Biological and Environmental Systems (BLESS), Biomechanics and Biomedicine.
    Kan ett 5-veckors hembaserat träningsprogram förbättra smärtan hos personer med fibromyalgi?2013Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om ett 5-veckors enkelt styrketräningsprogram i hemmet minskar den upplevda smärtan hos personer med fibromyalgi.

    Metod: Antal deltagare med fibromyalgi var 10 stycken som rekryterades för att genomföra ett 5 veckors träningsprogram med fokus på styrka i buk-, rygg- och magmuskulatur. Före och efter träningsprogrammet mättes styrka (rygg, mage och ben – 3 tester) och smärta (Visual Analog Skala - VAS). Fyra frågor kring smärta besvarades med VAS-skala. Skillnad mellan undersökning före påbörjad träning (pretest) till undersökning efter avslutad träning (posttest) analyserades. Wilcoxons rangtest användes för att undersöka om där fanns en signifikant skillnad mellan pretest och posttest.

    Resultat: Efter avslutat träningsprogram hade inte smärtan förbättrats. I styrketesterna framkom signifikant förbättrad benstyrka medan rygg- och magstyrka var oförändrad. För sju av tio av deltagarna förbättrades styrkan i magtestet utan signifikant skillnad och för fem av tio deltagare förbättrades styrkan i ryggtestet utan signifikant skillnad. Smärtan var efter avslutad träning förbättrad, dock ej signifikant skillnad.  

    Slutsats: Det studerade styrketräningsprogrammet under 5 veckor ledde inte till en minskning av smärta.

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    omslag
  • 43. Blickander, Jacob
    Post Activation Potentiation – Effects onNumber of Repetitions and Average ForceOutput in Moderately Heavy Overhead Press2016Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 44. Blomqvist, Nicholas
    et al.
    Gustafsson, Oskar
    En framgångsrik talangutvecklingsmiljö inom golf2021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of the study was to increase the knowledge of the talent development environment in a successful golf organization and to see how the organization works to create future senior women players in golf. The objectives of the study were twofold; (1) to examine the factors contributing to the environment's effectiveness in developing successful senior women golf players, and (2) examine how the ESF working model is represented in the environment. The study was based on a qualitative thematic analysis. A semi-structured interview guide was created, of which it was inspired by the ESF working model. The participants in the study were nine people involved in the golf organization. These people were considered to have good knowledge of talent development in general and of the golf organization in question. The findings showed that basic prerequisites such as competent coaches and sufficient training opportunities all year around were an essential part of their talent development environment. Furthermore, findings showed that an organizational culture with permeated values within all parties was important. Finally, to create successful senior women players in golf it seems to be important with mixed training groups from an early age.

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  • 45.
    Blyh, Heidi
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Segerlund, Jonas
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Effekten av digitala autonomistödjande textmeddelanden på deltagarnas behovstillfredsställelse, motivation till motion och motionsbeteende: en interventionsstudie2021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Based on Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and a randomized controlled trial design, the effect of autonomy-supportive text messages was examined in comparison with neutral messages or no messages regarding the participants basic psychological needs, motivation and activity level. Digital quantitative data collection was used, and the web surveys were sent out three times to participants, pre, during and post intervention. A total of 107 male and female volunteers responded to the baseline measurement and were then divided into three different groups, inactive control group (n = 45), active control group (n = 29) and intervention group (n = 33). The intervention took place in relation to a step contest. Text messages were sent to the participant’s in the active control group and intervention group twice a week for a total of eight weeks, via a digital platform. There were no significant differences between the groups in the baseline measurement. A two-way ANOVA (repeated measure) showed that the intervention had a significant effect on the experience of relatedness during the intervention. However, there were no other significant intervention effects. The results suggest that the digital intervention, to provide participants with autonomy supportive text messages, does not have a lasting effect on need satisfaction, motivation or activity level.

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  • 46.
    Book, Robert T.
    et al.
    University of South-Eastern Norway, Notodden, Norge.
    Henriksen, Kristoffer
    University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Danmark.
    Stambulova, Natalia
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Mathorne, Ole Winthereik
    University of Southern Denmark.
    “We are their last chance”: A case study of a college basketball environment in an American underserved community2024In: Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, ISSN 1041-3200, E-ISSN 1533-1571, Vol. 36, no 1, p. 1-23Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this case study we used the holistic ecological approach (HEA) to examine an underserved athletic talent development environment (UATDE) in the United States to: (1) holistically describe a successful UATDE—in this case a community college basketball program known as Best Community College, and (2) explore factors contributing to the success of developing athletes that repeatedly earn athletic scholarships. Data were collected via in-situ observations, document analysis, and interviews (both formal and informal) with coaches, players, and other key stakeholders. The findings were summarized in two empirical models: (1) the UATDE empirical model of Best Community College, and (2) the underserved environment success factors (UESF) empirical model of Best Community College. The operation of the UATDE was significantly influenced by the underserved community in which it was embedded, translating to a lack of financial and human resources, while the team’s roster was occupied by athletically talented, but psychosocially vulnerable players. These challenges were overcome, in part, by a dedicated support team as well as the cultural paradigm established by the head coach as a cultural leader. Conclusively, this case study constitutes an important supplementation to the evolving body of literature utilizing the HEA, highlighting how an environmental context can shift the focus of athletic talent development when we consider the concept of a UATDE. Lay summary: This case study explored a successful community college basketball program located within an underserved American community. While the investigation concludes that socioeconomic challenges in the surrounding community created significant barriers to success, the head coach and support team were able to help players succeed in sport and life.IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Those working in community colleges must be made aware of issues stemming from where the environment is located and also related to the backgrounds of the prospective athletes. Community college sports programs are an important steppingstone to life and sport success for the athletes they serve but a lack of human and financial resources are a large barrier to success that can be counteracted by strong cultural leaders within the sport program. UATDEs must be considered a unique context and practitioners should let this context inform their practice, for example, by supporting the staff as much as the athletes, supporting the head coach in developing a functional cultural paradigm, and supporting the athletes’ broader psychosocial development and not only their performance. © 2023 Association for Applied Sport Psychology.

  • 47.
    Book, Robert T.
    et al.
    Syddansk Universitet, Odense, Denmark.
    Henriksen, Kristoffer
    Syddansk Universitet, Odense, Denmark.
    Stambulova, Natalia
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Storm, Louise Kamuk
    Syddansk Universitet, Odense, Denmark.
    “All they have seen is a model for failure:” Stakeholder’s perspectives on athletic talent development in American underserved communities2022In: Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, ISSN 1041-3200, E-ISSN 1533-1571, Vol. 34, no 6, p. 1037-1057Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study explores the primary challenges faced and strategies implemented in underserved athletic talent development environments (UATDEs) in the United States and examines how developing within such environments impacts athletes once they reach the college and professional levels of sports. Thirteen stakeholders (M = 10, F = 3), who had significant experience working with professional and youth athletes from underserved communities, participated in the study. Unstructured interviews lasting slightly over an hour (M = 74 min) were analyzed using the principles of reflexive thematic analysis and the process uncovered two categories: shared features of school-based UATDEs in the United States and the ripple effects of trauma which were used to structure the findings. Within these two categories, primary themes were presented relating to the challenges observed and strategies implemented to overcome these obstacles in UATDEs as well as how developing within a UATDE can influence an athlete upon leaving the environment. The study found that stakeholders (i.e., administrators, coaches, etc.) who work within UATDEs must be aware of the inherent challenges that the environment creates and how to best support the athletes who require increased psychosocial developmental attention. Further, the same stakeholders also need to be supported in their work. Finally, when athletes from UATDEs leave the environment, stress-inducing traumatic events of their formative years may stay with them requiring that stakeholders at the university and professional levels provide support to those that need it as talent can suffer from trauma. Lay summary: This study explored the perceptions of stakeholders who work with athletes in or coming from American underserved communities. The consensus is that significant challenges exist for coaches working in such environments and athletes developing in these circumstances will likely carry emotional trauma with them during their life and athletic careers.Implications for practice Applied practitioners working in UATDEs must prioritize the psychosocial development of their athletes as much, if not more, than athletic development. Organizations, such as AASP and ISSP must educate (e.g., through conferences, seminars, webinars, etc.) stakeholders and coaches working in UATDEs of the potential challenges faced and resources required to excel in such environments. Applied practitioners in university and professional sport must understand that athletes coming from UATDEs will need additional and specialized support focused upon, for example, the transition to a new environment or managing the ripple effects of trauma. © 2021 Association for Applied Sport Psychology.

  • 48.
    Bringsén-Bornegrim, Mimmi
    Halmstad University.
    Standing long jump compared to vertical jump as a field test for assessing leg power in firefighter trainees: A correlation study from a gender equality perspective2021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Within the rescue service, a varied background is needed to increase the possibility of delivering equal service to the citizens. At present, there is a skewed gender distribution within the municipal rescue services, with only a couple of percent of the firefighters being women. Many women find it difficult to meet the physical limit values on recruitment tests. The standing long jump (SLJ) is used as a part of recruitment tests on many rescue services, to assess leg power. It is not clear though whether SLJ is the most appropriate field-test to assess leg power in firefighter trainees, with men and women mixed in the same group, as it has been argued that anthropometric factors, such as body height (BH), affects the result. Thereby we wanted to study the relationship between BH and SLJ, and compere SLJ with another field-test for measuring leg power, one that omits the variable BH. Aim: The aim was to study the strength of the relationship between body height and the jump length at standing long jump, for firefighter trainees. A second aim was to study the strength of the relationship between firefighter trainees' jump results of the two tests: standing long jump and vertical jump. Methods: The study was executed as an observational cross-sectional study. Three different measurements were carried out: BH, vertical jump (VJ) and SLJ. Correlation analyzes, with Pearson's correlation coefficient, were performed on BH in relation to SLJ, and VJ in relation to SLJ. Results: Fourteen (n = 14) firefighter trainees (women n = 5, men n = 9) met the inclusion criteria and participated in the study. Subjects' age, body mass index (BMI) and number of workouts per week were 29 ± 7 years old, 25 ± 2 kg/m2 and 4 ± 1 workouts (at least 30 minutes) per week. Results showed a significant moderate correlation between BH and SLJ (r = 0.572). Between the variables VJ and SLJ there were a significant strong correlation (r = 0.862). However, the results changed substantially when the analyzes were performed separately for men and women, with a very low correlation level (r = 0.106 respective r = 0.166) between BH and SLJ. For VJ and SLJ there were a moderate correlation level for men and low for women (r = 0.414 respective r = 0.387). Conclusion: The result from this study is in line with aforementioned work and supports the hypothesis that BH to some extent can affect the jump result at SLJ. Our study complements earlier work and indicates that these results are also applicable to firefighter trainees. The findings in this study indicates VJ could possibly be an alternative field test for SLJ, to assess leg power when recruiting new firefighters. Additional studies are required to investigate the correlation between SLJ and VJ with ad- ditional confounders, such as actual leg power, and also the correlation between VJ and fire- fighters heaviest among most common work tasks.

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  • 49.
    Byrkjedal, Per T.
    et al.
    University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway.
    Bjørnsen, Thomas
    University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway.
    Luteberget, Live S.
    University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway; Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
    Lindberg, Kolbjørn
    University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway.
    Ivarsson, Andreas
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare. University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway.
    Haukali, Eirik
    Stavanger Oilers, Stavanger, Norway.
    Spencer, Matt
    University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway.
    Association Between Physical Performance Tests and External Load During Scrimmages in Highly Trained Youth Ice Hockey Players2023In: International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, ISSN 1555-0265, E-ISSN 1555-0273, Vol. 18, no 1, p. 47-54Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between physical performance tests and on-ice external load from simulated games (scrimmages) in ice hockey. METHODS: A total of 14 players completed a physical performance test battery consisting of 30-m sprint test-run and 30-m sprint test-skate (including 10-m split times and maximum speed), countermovement jump, standing long jump, bench press, pull-ups, and trap bar deadlift and participated in 4 scrimmages. External load variables from scrimmages included total distance; peak speed; slow (< 11.0 km/h), moderate (11.0-16.9 km/h), high (17.0-23.9 km/h), and sprint (> 24.0 km/h) speed skating distance; number of sprints; PlayerLoad™; number of high-intensity events (> 2.5 m/s); accelerations; decelerations; and changes of direction. Bayesian pairwise correlation analyses were performed to assess the relationship between physical performance tests and external load performance variables. RESULTS: The results showed strong evidence (Bayes factor > 10) for associations between pull-ups and high-intensity events (τ = .61) and between maximum speed skate and peak speed (τ = .55). There was moderate evidence (Bayes factor >3 to <10) for 6 associations: both maximum speed skate (τ = .44) and countermovement jump (τ = .44) with sprint speed skating distance, countermovement jump with number of sprints (τ = .46), pull-ups with changes of direction (τ = .50), trap bar with peak speed (τ = .45), and body mass with total distance (τ = .49). CONCLUSION: This study found physical performance tests to be associated with some of the external load variables from scrimmages. Nevertheless, the majority of correlations did not display meaningful associations, possibly being influenced by the selection of physical performance tests.

  • 50.
    Böröy, Jan
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Dispositionell mindfulness, emotionsreglering och idrottspsykologiska färdigheter2015Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syfte: Syftet med den befintliga studien var att genom en pathanalys pröva delar av Birrer et al.´s (2012) föreslagna modell, detta genom att vid tre mättillfällen undersöka samband mellan dispositionell mindfulness, emotionsreglering och idrottspsykologiska färdigheter (motivation, coping).

    Resultat: Den befintliga studiens modell visade longitudinella predicerande samband mellan dispositionell mindfulness för emotionsreglering, samt emotionsreglering för coping och motivation (Inre motivation, amotivation).

    Design: Longitudinell korrelationsstudie med tre mätningar. Metod: 65 deltagare varav 33 kvinnor och 32 män fyllde i enkäten (se bilaga 1). Modellen baserades på de 47 deltagare som fyllt i enkäten vid samtliga tre tillfällen. Slutsats: Den befintliga studiens modell stämmer, vilket innebär att mindfulnessträning med högre grad av dispositionell mindfulness som följd även ger främjande effekter för flertalet processer. Vidare konstateras att emotionsreglering är en central del i påverkansprocessen av mindfulness för att nå de idrottspsykologiska färdigheterna. Dessutom kan både coping och motivation slås fast att ingå i en modell likt den som presenteras av Birrer et al. (2012) och att varje steg i modellen är viktigt. Slutligen kan det konstateras i den befintliga studiens modell att dispositionell mindfulness är predicerande för emotionsreglering som i sin tur är predicerande för coping och motivation.

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