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  • 1.
    Abasi, Shaimaa
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Patienters upplevelser av att leva med en ileostomi: En litteraturstudie2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The number of people with a stoma increases for every year. Various diseases and causes can lead to an ileostomy, whether it is temporary or permanent. The nurse has a responsibility for patients with ileostomy by providing high quality nursing care, education and information. Aim: The aim was to highlight patient’s experiences with having an ileostomy. Method: The implementation of the literature study took place with an inductive approach. Result articles with both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to form the result. Various themes were formed which were divided into categories. Results: The result formed three categories that highlighted patients' experiences of an ileostomy: “The impact of ostomy on physical well-being”, “The impact of ostomy on psychological well-being” and “The impact of ostomy on social well-being”. The ileostomy had a major impact on patients' lives and the ability to adapt to it could look different from individual to individual. The patients felt that it was important to have emotional support from relatives and healthcare professionals. Conclusion: Patients with an ileostomy need constant follow-up by healthcare professionals. Support and information can help patients manage and adapt easier to their ileostomy.

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  • 2.
    Abdou Mahmoud, Nora
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Persson, Rattana
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Personcentrerad vård vid demens: Ett sjuksköterskeperspektiv2017Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    With an aging population here is also an increase in dementia. World Health Organisation estimates that in 2016, there were 47,5 million people with dementia and the number of incidents doubles every 20 years. The nurse meets people with dementia in different care situations. People with dementia are a particularly vulnerable group with special health care needs that require person-centered care. The aim was to describe personcentred care for dementia from a nurse perspective. A literature study was conducted using articles relevant to the subject,  then eleven qualitative articles responded with the purpose. The result revealed three themes: The need of the time, relations importance and need for knowledge. The results emphasize the personal characteristics of the nurse was important to create a relationship of trust and training in person-centered care was required to create a commitment. The result was imbued by the need for knowledge and relations important that nurses may face in different care situations. In order to care for people with dementia in a person-centered approach, more research on the subject, and more time and training in person-centered dementia care in nursing is needed.

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  • 3.
    Abrahamsson, Anna
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS).
    Lundin, Martina
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS).
    Malm, Caroline
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS).
    Patientupplevelser i palliativ vård2014Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Palliative care is something most nurses are dealing with during their working lives. The purpose of this study was to illuminate the experiences of nursing care from a patient perspective. Nine articles were selected for review, from the articles six themes revealed: Experiences of; nursing relationships, communication and information, the care environment, symptom control, accessibility and self-determination. The result showed that a relationship of trust and communication created good nursing care. Lack of communication could also occur. A good nurse was perceived as someone who listened and had broad knowledge. Patients wanted to be involved in their care and treatment.

     

     

     

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    patientupplevelser palliativ vård
  • 4.
    Abrahamsson, Emeli
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS).
    Paulsson Prytz, Alexandra
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS).
    Omvårdnad av patienter med demens: - orsaker till etiska svårigheter2011Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    People with dementia is a category of patients that nurses often meet. The disease affects the cognitive functions and because of that there may appear frequent ethical difficulties in nursing. Therefore the purpose of this study was to highlight the causes of ethical difficulties within professional nursing care of patients with dementia. The study was conducted as a literature review and the results consisted of five themes: lack of knowledge, lack of time and resources, restricted physical care environment, threatened autonomy, dignity and integrity and lack of communication. Health personnel’s lack of knowledge about dementia caused difficulties in identifying the various symptoms and because of that perform a professional nursing care. As a consequence of lack of time and resources, the patients were limited more than necessary. In a hospital environment patients were at risk of becoming over-stimulated due to stimuli from many directions. Since dementia may affect the ability to communicate, there were difficulties in preserving patients autonomy, dignity and integrity. The conclusion is that good knowledge about the disease is required and an adaption of the physical and psychological environment. More research is needed about the impact of time and lack of resources regarding patients with dementia, because of today’s great savings and staff reductions in health care. There is a lack of health personnel with knowledge about dementia and educations have to be developed to meet the needs that arise in the organizations.

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  • 5.
    Abrahamsson, Margareta
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Lucchesi, Anna
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Anestesisjuksköterskans upplevelse av att delta vid plötsligt hjärtstopp på sjukhus2018Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    In Sweden every year about 3000 patients are affected by sudden cardiac arrest in a hospital setting. Sudden cardiac arrest is one of the most stressful situations for hospital staff to handle. Earlier research has mainly focused on the medical and biophysical aspects of cardiac resuscitation. The subjective experience and feelings of those performing the resuscitation are seldom described. The aim of the study was to describe the nurse an esthetists’ experience of participation in sudden cardiac arrest resuscitation in a hospital setting. Data collection was done through focus group interviews involving five participants and indepth interviews with two participants. Data analysis was systematically performed according to Graneheim & Lundmans qualitative content analysis. The result showed three categories with respective subcategories. The following categories emerged: The given role, Teamwork and Reflection related to cardiac arrest. The given role was perceived as safe, satisfying and filled with demands. A defined leadership and good communication were described as important factors in ensuring clear direction, goals and teamwork.         

    The participants experienced a need for feedback and felt debriefing was of the utmost importance. This study can lead to future areas of improvement including further discussion and follow up of sudden cardiac arrest in hospital settings. Further research in this area and across professional borders is needed.

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  • 6.
    Aburdeini, Alexandra
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Prelovac, Ruza
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Sjuksköterskans upplevelse av att kommunicera med anhöriga som inte talar samma språk: Språkbarriärer i vården2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Worldwide integration is increasing and this creates a language barrier that creates communication problems in health care. It is a challenge to integrate immigrant communities into existing health services and language barriers is the biggest challenge to meet the healthcare needs of the immigrant population. Lack of communication is an obstacle to a good care relationship. In addition, communication is considered a challenge when two different languages are involved, especially when interpreters do not exist. Purpose: The aim was to expose nurse's experiences of communication with relatives who do not speak the same language. Method: A literature review with an inductive approach. Results: The study is based on nine scientific articles that resulted in two categories: Language barriers affect health care and Language barriers require resources. The nurse's experience of language barriers was negative and the use of interpreters in health care was considered to have their good and bad functions. However, the nurse was in need of additional resources. Conclusion: The results of the literature study clearly appeared about nurses' negative experiences of language barriers. This was also seen as a hindrance because communication could not be effectively conducted with relatives who did not speak the same language. Instead, nurses had to use simplified language, non-verbal communication and use family members to help them interpret instead of authorized interpreters. The result also showed that the use of interpreters in health care had their good and bad sides between nurses and relatives who did not speak the same language. It is important that the nurse adapts communication to the conditions of relatives. More research is needed on how nurses can support relatives who do not speak the same language.

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  • 7.
    Adbro, Lina
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Crnac, Aldijana
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Att vårda riktiga hjältar: Sjuksköterskans upplevelse av att vårda cancersjuka barn2015Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Sjuksköterskor som vårdar cancersjuka barn har höga krav på sig. De ska fungera som ett stöd till både patienten och till patientens anhöriga. Barnen de vårdar är även sjukare än andra barn. De många kraven sjuksköterskan har på sig kan leda till stress. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att beskriva hur vårdandet av cancersjuka barn kan påverka sjuksköterskan med avseende på upplevelse av stress. Studien genomfördes med systematiska sökningar baserat på problemformuleringen och syftet. Relevant forskning inom området identifierades, granskades och analyserades. I resultatet framkom fyra kategorier: sjuksköterskan arbetar i en krävande miljö, ökad kompetens bidrar till hanterbar stress, känslomässigt engagemang innebär ökad risk för utbrändhet och sjuksköterskan behöver strategier för att hantera stress. Resultatet visar att det fanns ett flertal orsaker som bidrog till att sjuksköterskorna upplevde arbetsrelaterad stress. Orsakerna var tidsbrist, personalbrist och känslomässiga engagemang i sina patienter och deras anhöriga. Stöd och reflektion framkom som sätt att minska stressen för sjuksköterskorna. Bristen på tid bidrog till att det var svårt för sjuksköterskorna att finna tid till reflektion. Vidare forskning kring sjuksköterskans upplevelse av vårdandet av cancersjuka barn kan leda till en bättre arbetsmiljö och minskad arbetsrelaterad stress.

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  • 8.
    Adelbrant, Frida
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Thorén, Sara
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Hur barn beskriver sin upplevda smärtbehandling2021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Children's pain is complex and in order to achieve adequate pain management experience is required. It is important to treat pain as it is a threat to the child's health and untreated pain can lead to severe complications. Pain is a subjective experience and in order to achieve a positive pain management, the child must be asked about the pain. Aim: The aim was to describe children's experiences of pain management and pain treatment at care facilities. Method: A general literature study with a structured search method in which nine articles were examined using the five steps of content analysis. Results: Presented in four categories: being involved and receive information is important, successful pharmacological pain treatment contributes to positive experiences, the importance of distraction, to obtain support and feeling safe is central with the subcategories: from the parents, caring from the nurse. Conclusion: Children experience that security is a central part of the pain treatment which is created with the help of information, participation, distraction and through the presence of the parents. To achieve positive experiences of pain management the nurses need to administrate fast and adequate pharmacological treatment combined with distraction adapted to each individual child. Treatment of pain requires constant development and updating of guidelines where children's subjective experience of pain should be central to the successful development of pain treatment.

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  • 9.
    Adlers, Ann-Cathrine
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS).
    Att verka som lots - Ett sätt för barnmorskan att främja normal förlossning2012Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Despite the majority of all pregnancies are assessed as normal, the interventions during labourprocess increase, where caesarean section without medical reason is one part. One reason may be that care for women with uncomplicated pregnancy is conducted at the same level as a complicated pregnancy. A caesarean section may result in increased risk of health problem for both the woman and the child. The midwife´s work encompasses the normal, uncomplicated pregnancy and labour. The midwife also has the possibility within the working range to promote women’s health. The aim of this study was to gain an increased understanding of how midwives promote the normal labourprocess. A non-participation observational study, of a total of four midwives in duty at a labour ward, was conducted at two hospitals. Grounded Theory was used for data collection and analysis. As a result emerged the core category to act as a pilot with four subcategories. The midwife primarily creates and anchors a relationship with the woman. Through the different stages of labour, the midwife assesses, facilitates and confirms the labourprocess individually, concerning the woman´s needs. The categories together form a model that describes what the midwife performs; in verbal and silent communication and in acting or refraining from acting, to promote a normal birth. There is a need for further research about what in the midwife´s management that promotes the normal birth. It is also essential with research at an organizational level since it has an impact on how the midwife promotes normal birth.    

     

  • 10.
    Adolfsson, Frida
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS).
    Holmén, Elin
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS).
    Stressorer i vårdmiljön och dess inverkan på sjuksköterskans omvårdnad2010Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Problem: The professions in health care are highly physically and especially mentally stressful jobs where time pressure and work rate continues to increase. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to illuminate stressors that may affect nursing outcomes. Method: The study was a literature review, 17 articles (3 qualitative and 14 quantitative) and a thesis which met the study's purpose was reviewed and analysed. Results and conclusion: Many factors and causes of ill health can today be found in the work environment and its increasingly greater demands on the individual. Each individual is unique and therefor affected differently by the same situations. The stressful experience and how each person handles the situation depends on all the factors in her/his whole life-world. It becomes clear that regardless of the situation, no one is doing well during long-term stress. The factors considered to contribute to the deterioration of quality of care includes lack of time, heavy workload, staff shortages, poor working conditions and reorganizations. These together and also separately, result in that nurses´ experiences of stress and dissatisfaction with their work, which may affect quality of patient care. Implication: Further research should focus on how nurses can influence the factors which leads to stress and a poor work environment and decrased quality of care.

     

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    FULLTEXT01
  • 11.
    Afram, Basema
    et al.
    Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
    Verbeek, Hilde
    Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
    Bleijlevens, Michel
    Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
    Challis, David
    University of Manchester, Manchester, England UK.
    Leino-Kilpi, Helena
    University of Turku, Turku, Finland/Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
    Karlsson, Staffan
    Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Sweden.
    Soto, Maria
    Department of Geriatric Medicine, CHU Toulouse University Hospital, France.
    Renom-Guiteras, Anna
    School of Nursing Science, Faculty of Health, University of Witten/Herdecke, Germany.
    Saks, Kai
    Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tartu, Estonia.
    Zabalegui, Adelaida
    Nursing Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain.
    Hamers, Jan
    Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
    Predicting institutional long-term care admission in dementia: a mixed-methods study of informal caregivers’ reports2015In: Journal of Advanced Nursing, ISSN 0309-2402, E-ISSN 1365-2648, Vol. 71, no 6, p. 1351-1362Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: To investigate agreement between: (1) expected reasons and actual reasons for admission of people with dementia according to informal caregivers; (2) scores on measurement instruments prior to admission and the actual reasons for admission according to informal caregivers.

    Background: Timely admission of people with dementia is a crucial issue. Information is highly warranted on whether informal caregivers are capable of prior identification of causes of admission and, can thus be considered a reliable prospective source on causes of admission.

    Design: A cohort study among informal caregivers of people with dementia who made a transition to institutional long-term care.

    Methods: Qualitative data on the expected and actual reasons for admission were collected via open-ended questions at baseline and follow-up. Furthermore, at baseline, data were collected using measurement instruments to measure pre-admission characteristics. Interviews took place between November 2010-April 2012. After categorizing the answers, the agreement between the expected and actual reasons was calculated. Furthermore, bivariate associations were calculated between the actual reasons for admission and scores on corresponding measurement instruments.

    Results/Findings: For most informal caregivers, there was agreement between their statements on the expected reason and the actual reason for admission. A third of the caregivers showed no conformity. Bivariate associations showed that there is also agreement between the actual reasons for admission and scores on corresponding measurement instruments.

    Conclusion: Informal caregivers can be considered reliable sources of information regarding what causes the admission of a person with dementia. Professional care should anticipate informal caregivers' statements and collaborate with them to strive for timely and appropriate admission. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  • 12.
    Aftevik, Monika
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Carlbark, Nina
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Musikens påverkan på individer med autismspektrumdiagnos: En litteraturöversikt2017Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) tend to have a limited capacity for social interactions, communications, and usually show hyper or hypo reactions to sensory stimuli. Time spent in health facilities can therefore be extra stressful. Since music is used for therapy or pain relief in cancer treatment and dementia care for example, it would be interesting to further explore the effects of music. The aim of this literature review was to investigate how individuals with ASD are affected by music. Eleven literature articles were analyzed and as a result, four themes emerged: physical, social, emotional influence and also focus and coping. Anxiety, mood, and social interactions were affected in a positive way by music or music therapy. Physical reactions in the brain were seen in regions underlying music perception and emotional processing. The nurse’s goal is person-centered care, and the knowledge of the effects of music and the possibility to use music in clinical practice, could make working with ASD patients easier. Future research on this subject could provide further knowledge and result in guidelines and routines for an easy use of music in the care of individuals with ASD.

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  • 13.
    Afzelius, Åsa
    et al.
    Halmstad University.
    Lundahl, Christina
    Halmstad University.
    Ett sista hopp: Obotligt sjuka patienters uppfattningar om dödshjälp2017Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Den moderna sjukvårdens avancerade resurser räddar många liv, men kan också leda till ett utdraget och plågsamt döende. I ett fåtal länder i världen är eutanasi och läkarassisterat självmord ett val för den som drabbats av en obotlig sjukdom som leder till döden. Syftet med denna studie är att beskriva obotligt sjuka patienters uppfattningar om dödshjälp. En litteraturstudie genomfördes och relevanta sökord som motsvarade syftet användes vid artikelsökning. Vid bearbetning av data framkom tre olika kategorier med subkategorier som motsvarade de olika uppfattningarna. Resultatet visar att positiva uppfattningar till dödshjälp kan bero på patientens egna syn på värdighet, självbestämmande och hopp, medan negativa uppfattningar till dödshjälp kan bero på rädsla eller religion. Även kommunikation med vårdpersonal kan påverka patienters uppfattningar om dödshjälp. För att möta obotlig sjuka patienters behov den sista tiden i livet behövs det kunskap om alla sorters tankar patienten kan ha, detta gäller även tankar om dödshjälp. Vidare forskning inom området dödshjälp behövs för att möta alla utmaningar som det innebär när patienter önskar hjälp med att dö.

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  • 14.
    Aggebrink, Jenny
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS).
    Larsson, Stefan
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS).
    Wikås, Carina
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS).
    Unga vuxnas erfarenheter av att ha fått diagnosen ADHD2014Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Living with ADHD can lead to a number of problems for the individuals receiving the

    diagnosis. Social- and psychological difficulties and other mental illnesses like

    depression and anxiety are all conditions that can occur when individuals are

    diagnosed with ADHD. Based on these facts it is urgent to examine young adult’s

    own experiences of what it means to live with an ADHD diagnosis to find ways to

    reduce the risks following the diagnosis. This study’s aim turns focus on young adults

    with ADHD, and the purpose is to increase the knowledge in what’s important after

    receiving a diagnosis from a nursing perspective. Four young women who all had

    received their diagnosis during the past year were recruited to the study. The

    informants were randomized from a children's psychiatric registry in Region Halland

    .

    The informants were contacted by phone and asked to participate in the study. Before

    the interviews started they were asked to fill in a consent form. The findings from

    your study clearly show a correlation between ADHD and other troubles in young

    adults everyday life. The majority of the informants describe feelings of exclusion

    with multiple failures in adaption as a result. Receiving a diagnosis contributed to get

    an explanation for their troubles, not only for themselves but to their environment as

    well. The result of the study also show the group's fear of changing health care

    contact mainly concerning the transition from child psychiatry for adult psychiatry.

    The study shows a high prevalence of trouble among individuals who have ADHD

    but also what an enormous personal profit it may mean getting diagnosis when the

    support can be individually adjusted. The study is based on only four informants and

    the result is therefore not possible to generalize on a larger group, however, the study

    can be used as background for a larger study with more informants. The current state

    of scientific knowledge in the field today are insufficient and most facts are based on

    individuals own experiences. We hope that our findings can contribute to further

    research that can benefit the nursing care for the patients.

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  • 15.
    Aghakhani Morad, Mina
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Sjuksköterskors känslomässiga upplevelser av att vårda pateinter i livets slutskede: En litteraturstudie2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Background: Palliative care could be described on the four foundations which are symptom relief, cooperation, communication, and support for close relatives. Palliative care is split into two different phases where the last phase is end of life care and the main goal is to relieve suffering and improve quality of life. Nurses have a major role in supporting patients at the end-of-life care. Nursing patients at the end of their life can provide different experiences for nurses. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore nurses’ emotional experience of caring for patients in end-of-life care. Method: The chosen method was a literature review of ten qualitative scientific articles with aim to explore the current state of knowledge. Result: Several different main- and subcategories emerged in the results: The experience related to the nurse as a person: feeling of inadequacy and futility and the feeling of meaningfulness. The experience related to nursing as a professional: The need for knowledge and experience and need for teamwork and planning. Caring for patients in the end of their life can be stressful and can evoke different emotions. The feelings can be one's own thoughts about death but also feelings from the patient, relatives, and colleagues. Nurses highlighted the importance of knowledge and experience in the implementation of palliative care as well as in future care. Lack of knowledge, time and resources can affect the quality of care in a negative way by causing for example, stress or other emotional strain. Conclusion: Caring for patients in palliative care is complex and requires knowledge, experience and more research. Care at the end of life is very time consuming and becomes a big challenge for the nurses who work with patients at the end of their life, where the workload is high and the lack of time is a fact. This can contribute to feelings of guilt and inadequacy in nurses.

  • 16.
    Agmyr, Pernilla
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS).
    Nilsson, Emma
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS).
    Vilken är min roll? - Föräldrars upplevelse av delaktighet i barns omvårdnad på sjukhus2012Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Parent participation in the nursing care of their children in hospital haven´t always been obvious. Not until after the Second World War children´s need of their parents in hospitals were elucidated by researchers within psychology and nursing. Despite continued development of parent participation within children’s nursing care there is still deficiencies in that area. The aim of the study was to describe parent’s perception of participation in the nursing care of their children in hospital. The result shows parental perceptions of participation in the nursing care of children in hospital based on twelve scientific articles. The result includes four categories of participation which elucidate parental perceptions of; being present, information, decision-making, practical nursing care. The conclusion describes parent’s positive and negative perceptions of participation. Suggestions on further national studies within the area and in relation to the gender perspective are given. The futures care development with education on the subject could be national guidelines, Standardized Care Plan and e-hälsa.

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  • 17.
    Ahlberg, Patrik
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS).
    Grimåsen, Maria
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS).
    Transsexualitet: Transsexuella patienter i vården2012Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Minorities risk being excluded from society and discriminated in different ways. Transexuals is a group who is exposed to these risks not only in society but also in medical attendance. The purpose of this literature review was to elucidate factors affecting the meeting between health professionals and transsexual patients. Transsexuals had difficulty in finding health professionals who respected their gender identity. This resulted in that health care was made inacces-sible. Furthermore this group of patients experienced disinterest from the professionals and this resulted in a lack of their health care needs. When professionals showed respect and empathy for the transsexual, combined with awareness and competence, the treatment was optimal. Discrimination and transphobia against this group of patients were due to inadequate skills, morals and different individual set of values. General health problems of this group of patients were assumed being caused by the patients transsexuali-ty.

    A significant factor was to address the transsexuals by the right pronouns as an impaired quality of care was experienced when wrong pronouns were used during a heath care meeting. The heteronomous view within health care excluded the transsexuals from investigations, treatments and health care availability.

    Lack of prior research has resulted in poorly trained professionals regarding transsexuality. This deficiency occurred both in primary and institutional care. Recent knowledge is based on clinical experience and to a less extent of scientific evidence. This has resulted in that nursing students had an inadequate formal education regarding transgender issues.

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    Kandidatuppsats Transsexuella Patienter i Vården
  • 18.
    Ahlberg, Tony
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS).
    Väremo, Lukas
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS).
    Varaktighet: - den bortglömda aspekten av viktminskning2012Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    I sjuksköterskans hälsofrämjande arbete krävs kunskap om hälsorisker och förmåga att se till patientens behov, såväl de fysiska, psykiska och sociala. Övervikt och fetma är idag ett av samhällets största problem, och har en komplex uppkomstmekanism. Möjligheten till en varaktig viktreducering påverkas av en rad olika faktorer. För att övergå till den hälsosamma livsstil som krävs för en varaktig viktnedgång, behövs en beteendeförändring. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att undersöka hur psykologiska och psykosociala faktorer påverkar överviktiga individers möjlighet till en varaktig viktnedgång. I resultatet framkom två huvudteman: Motivation och mål samt Livsstilsförändring. Individer har varierande förmåga till självkontroll, egenvård och följsamhet, samt olika tillgång till stödfunktioner i samhället. Motivation och mål har en central roll. Hur personer reagerar på utmaningar och svårigheter är också högst individuellt och avgörande för en varaktig viktnedgång. En ökad kunskap genom utbildning och forskning rörande psykologiska och psykosociala faktorer kan underlätta sjuksköterskans möjlighet till individanpassad vård och förbättra motivationsstrategier för livsstilsförändringar. Mer kunskap kan även leda till ett förbättrat bemötande och omvårdnad. 

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  • 19.
    Ahlborg, Mikael
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Exploring Socioeconomic Status and the association with Mental Health in school children – a cross-sectional study2015Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Poor Mental health in adolescence has become more prevalent over the past decades. Differences between gender and age in mental health are apparent where girls rate their mental health lower than boys. Socioeconomic status has proven to be a determinant for poor mental health, however in detecting poor mental health, the use of solely objective measures may not suffice. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to explore different aspects of socioeconomic status and their association with school children’s mental health. The data was obtained from the 2009/10 HBSC survey in Sweden. A sample of 4449 students aged 11 and 15 was included. Binary logistic regression with odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) was used to estimate the associations between the different aspects of SES and mental health outcomes. The relationship between poor mental health and low subjective economic status was significant while no such relationship was found in the other SES-measures. The use of subjective economic status may be a more reliable determinant for poor mental health than objective and relative measures. Future studies should focus on developing targeted interventions, also on the understanding of socioeconomic status in childhood.

  • 20.
    Ahlborg, Mikael
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Nygren, Jens M.
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Svedberg, Petra
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Social Capital in Relation to Mental Health—The Voices of Adolescents in Sweden2023In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, ISSN 1661-7827, E-ISSN 1660-4601, Vol. 20, no 13, article id 6223Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The social environment that adolescents interact in has undoubtedly changed over the past decades. The latent constructs of social capital that have been described in theory may be universal, but it is necessary to reveal sociocultural specific pathways and manifestation in order to validly operationalize social capital for adolescents. There is a call for qualitative data to enhance our understanding of social capital for adolescents today and the specific sociocultural context they live in. The aim of this study was to explore social capital from the perspective of adolescents in relation to mental health. Twenty-three semi-structured interviews were conducted in a school setting with a sample of adolescents aged 11 and 15 years. Qualitative content analysis was applied, and analysis remained on a manifest level. From having adolescents describe their social relations and networks in relation to mental health, three main categories were formed: accessing a safe space, with sub-categories of trusting enough to share, having someone close to you, and being part of an inclusive and honest environment; feeling connected to others, with sub-categories of hanging out and having things in common; and maintaining control, with sub-categories of deciding for yourself, dealing with change, and having social skills. Having access to a safe space is vital for adolescents’ mental health, by providing resources such as mutual trust, honesty, and unconditional access. Feeling connected to others is important in close relationships and reveals the glue that holds networks together, but also links to sociability in a wider sense. Predictability in adolescents’ social relationships and networks, influenced by internal and external factors, may be a resource of increasing importance in todays’ society and an interesting subject for intervention and future research on social capital and adolescent mental health. © 2023 by the authors.

  • 21.
    Ahlborg, Mikael
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Nygren, Jens M.
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Svedberg, Petra
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Regber, Susann
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Resilience in children of parents with mental illness, alcohol or substance misuse—An integrative review2024In: Nursing Open, E-ISSN 2054-1058, Vol. 11, no 6, article id e2219Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: The aim of this integrative review was to investigate how resilience has been researched and explore experiences of resilience, in children of parents with mental illness or alcohol or substance misuse. Design: An integrative review. Method: The search included three major electronic databases, PubMed, Scopus and PsycINFO with the aim of identifying peer-reviewed studies where the concept of resilience was explored as resilience, coping, adaptation or protective factors. Results: Out of 4016 studies, 14 were included after meeting predetermined criteria and methodological quality evaluation. The findings are presented in five categories: characteristics of the studies, operationalization and interpretation of resilience, individual resources, family resources and resources outside the family. Patient or public contribution: Resilience in children of parents with mental illness or substance misuse refers to coping strategies, protective factors and absence of symptoms or risk behaviour despite being exposed to risk. We suggest a three-level approach for mapping of resilience resources in the target group: the individual level, family level and outside of the family that includes both non-professionals and professionals. The use of disengagement or avoidance strategies implies poor resilience but may be necessary in absence of support, as acts of self-preservation during chaotic periods or harmful situations. © 2024 The Author(s). Nursing Open published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  • 22.
    Ahlbäck, Annie
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI), Health and Nursing.
    Kvarnsäter, Petra
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI), Health and Nursing.
    En av 36,7 miljoner: Att få en HIV diagnos2017Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Although HIV is a well-known disease and millions of people worldwide are affected, it is still one of the world's most stigmatized diseases. Stigmatization causes the disease to be associated with both prejudice and shame, affecting the people who suffer from the disease annually. The purpose of this qualitative literature study was to highlight patients' experiences of getting an HIV diagnosis. The results of the literature study were based on nine scientific articles that resulted in the following six themes: Experiences of shock, experiences of anger and guilt, experiences in fear of dying, experiences of difficulty whit disclosure to friends and family, experiences of acceptance, and experiences of the diagnosis as a positive turning point. In the results, it was clear that the diagnosis raised many strong emotions and that the people who are affected are in urgent need of assistance and support from healthcare professionals to handle the diagnosis. Hence, it is important that nurses get an insight into the experiences regarding an HIV diagnosis and receive more education in the subject so that the right information can be given.

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  • 23.
    Ahlgren, Eva
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS).
    Isacsson, Malin
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS).
    Anestesisjuksköterskors strategier för att förebygga postoperativ smärta2014Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Abstract                                      The management of postoperative pain is insufficient despite increased knowledge of the physiology of pain and the development of new pharmacological guidelines. Postoperative pain left untreated can lead to delayed mobilization and secondary complications such as deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, cardiac infarction, stroke and pneumonia. The outcome is increased mental and physical disability for the patient and increased costs for the society. The nurse anesthesist has a crucial role in postoperative pain management before and during anesthesia and needs to work preventively to secure sufficient analgesia for the patient. The aim of this study was to enlighten the nurse anesthesist’s strategies to prevent postoperative pain after general anesthesia. Semi-structured interviews with four nurse anesthetists at a hospital in the Southwest of Sweden were analyzed with qualitative content analysis. The nurse anesthesists strived to individualize pain management. The effect of the atmosphere created at the preoperative meeting with the patient, the character of the planned procedure and the usage of other methods of pain management all affected peroperative planning of dosage of intravenous analgesics. By using multimodality analgesia in patients who have surgery under general anesthesia postoperative pain could be prevented and hence contribute to reduced patient disability and faster postoperative recovery.  Furthermore, the in-hospital care time can be reduced which could mean socioeconomic benefits.

     

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  • 24.
    Ahlin, Birgitta
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS).
    Bergström, Maria
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS).
    Faktorer som påverkar vid palliativ vård-ett mångkulturellt perspektiv2012Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Döden angår oss alla och vår kulturella bakgrund har stor betydelse för hur vi möter den. Palliativ vård fokuserar på att ge stöd och lindring till döende patienter för att öka deras livskvalitet. Av Sveriges invånare har var sjätte utländsk bakgrund och detta ställer andra och delvis nya krav på sjukvården. Syftet med studien var att belysa faktorer som påverkar sjuksköterskans palliativa omvårdnad till patienter från andra kulturer. Studien är en litteraturöversikt där tolv artiklar analyserats utifrån syftet. I resultatet finns många olika faktorer som påverkar sjuksköterskans omvårdnadsarbete av palliativa patienter i en mångkulturell vårdsituation. Resultatet delades upp i tre huvudkategorier:

    kulturell kommunikation, kulturell medvetenhet/kunskap och kulturella skillnader/behov. För att kunna ge patienter med annan kulturell bakgrund en palliativ omvårdnad med hög kvalitet behövs medvetenhet och kunskap hos sjuksköterskan om deras specifika behov. Utvidgad utbildning och diskussion behövs i ämnet och svenska empiriska studier som belyser dessa patienter och anhörigas behov. Det är nödvändigt att både den specialiserade palliativa vården och övrig vård tar del i både forskning och utbildning, eftersom palliativa patienter från andra kulturer finns inom de flesta specialiteter.

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  • 25.
    Ahlin, Carola
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS).
    Bengtsson, Irén
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS).
    Nilsson, Lisbeth
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS).
    Patientinformation vid en kranskärlsoperation2010Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Coronary artery bypass is for the patient a major event leading to many questions and concerns. Previous research has shown that patients who have undergone coronary artery bypass have great needs of information. Our aim of this study was to describe information before and after a coronary artery bypass. The study was done as a literature review. The results of the study were distributed into three categories, information methods, information content and the various factors that affect patient information. Information was given in writing, orally, by video, by Internet or by a patient previously undergoing a coronary artery surgery, usually in combination with each other. What the patient wanted the information should contain varied from person to person depending on what stage the patient was, pre- or postoperatively. Several factors emerged that were relevant. It was important for the patients that the staff took the time to listen and respond to questions and concerns. Patients with small social networks had a greater need for information than others with larger social network. Another important thing was that patients could easily get in touch with competent personnel both before surgery and after discharge. The conclusion of the result was that the information should be individualized based on each patient's needs. Continued research is needed to develop good patient information on patients' experience of different types of information means, and to develop contact with patients who have previously done a coronary artery bypass.

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  • 26.
    Ahlqvist, Josephine
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Cronqvist, Linnea
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Barnhälsovårdssjuksköterskans preventiva arbete för barn med feber: En intervjustudie2024Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: In children aged zero to five years, fever is a common symptom of illness. It is therefore essential that the caregiver understands the importance of self-care to effectively care for their child at home. Aim: The aim was to illuminate the preventive efforts of the child health care nurse for children with fever. Method: The chosen method was qualitative design with an inductive approach. Interviews of 11 specialist nurses including district nurses and nurses with specialist training in health care of children and adolescents. Child health Care nurses (CHC nurses) in both private and regional management participated from two municipalities in Halland. Results: Three categories: Information to guardians, support to guardians and self-care counselling constituted the result. Subcategories were then added. Similar results have been seen in participating child health nurses. Conclusion: The conclusion was that the majority of the child health care nurses felt there was a significant need for self-care education regarding children with fever for caregivers. Good knowledge of self-care of children with fever can probably prevent some visits to the emergency department.

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  • 27.
    Ahlstav Mårtensson, Ulrica
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS).
    Erling Hasselqvist, Nann
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS).
    Differences in pain and nausea in children operated on by Tonsillectomy and Tonsillotomy: – A prospective follow-up study2010Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the differences in postoperative pain, nausea and time of discharge in children 3-12 years old after undergoing Tonsillectomy (TE) or Tonsillotomy (TT) at the post anaesthetic care unit (PACU), children’s ward and at home.  Background: TE involves risk of bleeding, severe postoperative pain and nausea. TT is a less invasive method with lower risk of bleeding and postoperative pain and nausea according to performed studies. Method: A prospective, comparative follow-up study design. Eighty-seven children from December 2008 until April 2009 in the ages 3-12 undergoing TE or TT participated. Visual analogue scale (VAS) was used for children’s pain and nausea assessments. Result/Findings: Significantly fewer children operated on by the TT assessed postoperative pain ≥ 3 according to the VAS than children operated on by the TE in both the PACU and the children’s ward. A significant difference of postoperative nausea was only present during the care at the PACU and children’s ward with fewer TT children that assessed nausea VAS ≥ 3. The time of postoperative care was shorter among the TT children in both the PACU and the children’s ward. Postoperative pain and pain related difficulties in eating after discharge was significantly more present among the TE children compared to the TT children. Conclusion: The results of our study indicated that TT is a more favourable alternative than TE in children.

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  • 28.
    Ahlstrand, Joacim
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Smärtlindring vid militära aktioner2015Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    I de militära konflikthärdar som finns på ett flertal platser runt om vår värld är det oundvikligt att människor blir skadade och följaktligen uppleva smärta. Som sjuksköterska i fält är det av vikt att känna till vilka metoder som finns tillgängliga för att lindra detta lidande dels för att underlätta för den skadade soldaten i stunden och dels för att i positiv riktning även minska riskerna för att andra smärtrelaterade syndrom skall få fotfäste. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa metoder för smärtlindring av skadade vid militära aktioner prehospitalt och på militärt sjukhus. Metoden som användes var litteraturstudie där sju artiklars resultat analyserades och sammanställdes. I resultatet framkom tre kategorier: smärtlindring med fentanyl, smärtlindring med ketamin och smärtlindring med kontinuerlig perifer nervblockad. Fortsatt forskning skulle kunna vara inriktad på ytterligare preparat samt förenklad administrering men också på vilket sätt sjuksköterskans förhållningssätt till patienten och dess traumatiska situation kan påverka smärtupplevelsen.

  • 29.
    Ahlström, Britt Hedman
    et al.
    Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden.
    Skärsäter, Ingela
    Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden.
    Danielson, Ella
    Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden.
    Living with major depression: experiences from families' perspectives2009In: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, ISSN 0283-9318, E-ISSN 1471-6712, Vol. 23, no 2, p. 309-316Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study was to describe the ways of living with major depression in families. Seven families with an adult member who suffered major depression participated, in all 18 participants. Data were collected from seven narrative group interviews, one with each family. A qualitative thematic content analysis was used and the text was coded according to its content and further interpreted into themes. Findings consist of five themes: 'Being forced to relinquish control of everyday life'; during depression the family members lost their energy and could not manage everyday life. 'Uncertainty and instability are affecting life'; everyday life in the families was unstable and emotions influenced the atmosphere. 'Living on the edge of the community': the families periodically lived in seclusion. 'Everyday life becomes hard'; everyday life was demanding for everyone in the family and the responsibility shifted between family members. 'Despite everything a way out can be found'; the families as a unit as well as individually had their own ways of coping and finding some kind of satisfaction within the bounds of possibility. The families' experiences were demanding. Children were aware of their parent's depression and were involved in managing everyday life and emotionally affected by the situation. This legitimates the need for nurses and other healthcare professionals to have a family's perspective on the whole situation and to include partners as well as children and take their experiences seriously when supporting and guiding a family. It is important to develop strategies which in particular include children in the planning, provision and receiving of care as well as unburden them with the responsibility. It is also important to support the family in their own coping strategies with a major depressive episode.

  • 30.
    Ahlström, Britt Hedman
    et al.
    University of Gothenburg.
    Skärsäter, Ingela
    University of Gothenburg.
    Danielson, Ella
    University of Gothenburg.
    Major depression in a family: What happens and how to manage - a case study2007In: Issues in Mental Health Nursing, ISSN 0161-2840, E-ISSN 1096-4673, Vol. 28, no 7, p. 691-706Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Major depression challenges the ways of living for both individuals and families. The aim of this study was to describe what happens and how to manage major depression in a family. The case in this paper is a family with a mother who is suffering major depression and her son and daughter. Narrative interviews and qualitative content analysis were conducted. The findings revealed six themes: "a stealthy intruder," "moving slowly to helplessness," "saving the situation," "protecting oneself and others," "conveying things that are beyond words," and the "dispersal of shadows." These themes elucidated the family members' varying views of depression and the unique ways they managed the situation.

  • 31.
    Ahlström, Britt Hedman
    et al.
    The Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Skärsäter, Ingela
    The Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Danielson, Ella
    The Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    The meaning of major depression in family life: the viewpoint of the ill parent2010In: Journal of Clinical Nursing, ISSN 0962-1067, E-ISSN 1365-2702, Vol. 19, no 1-2, p. 284-293Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    AIM AND OBJECTIVE: The aim was to elucidate the meaning of major depression in family life from the viewpoint of an ill parent. Background. Major depression according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders is common and may appear repeatedly over several years, and affects family life. Depression in parents has a negative impact on family function and children's health; however, studies regarding the deeper understanding of major depression in family life are lacking.

    DESIGN: A qualitative explorative study using narrative interviews with eight parents who were identified with major depression.

    METHODS: A phenomenological-hermeneutic method of interpretation was used for analysing interview texts and included naïve understanding, a structural analysis where text was divided into meaning units, which were condensed and abstracted, and finally a comprehensive understanding.

    RESULT: Two themes were extracted: 'to be afflicted in an almost unmanageable situation' with sub-themes 'feeling hopelessly bad', 'being worthless', 'being unsatisfied' and the theme 'to reconcile oneself to the situation' with sub-themes 'being active', 'being satisfied' and 'maintaining parenthood'.

    CONCLUSION: Comprehensive understanding revealed the parents' simultaneous suffering and dignity in family life; suffering with serious lack of well-being and health, destroyed self-confidence and unhappiness, and dignity with strength, confidence and joy in children. The movement between suffering and dignity complicated family life. Dignity was threatened by the awareness that suffering in major depression was recurrent. Dignity had to be repeatedly restored for self and the family, and family dignity has to be restored before others outside the family circle.

    RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: A deeper understanding of the meaning of major depression in family life is helpful and for healthcare professionals to prevent individual and family suffering by assisting and preserving dignity.

  • 32.
    Ahmadi, Nasser S.
    et al.
    University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Månsson, Jörgen
    University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Lindblad, Ulf
    University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Hildingh, Cathrine
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI), Health promotion and disease prevention.
    Breathlessness in everyday life from a patient perspective: A qualitative study using diaries2014In: Palliative & Supportive Care, ISSN 1478-9515, E-ISSN 1478-9523, Vol. 12, no 3, p. 189-194Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: Breathlessness is a subjective symptom, which makes it difficult to define and understand. The aim of the present study was to illuminate how patients suffering from breathlessness experience their everyday life. Method: The study was a qualitative study, and the focus of the analysis was the patients' descriptions of their experiences of breathlessness using a diary with two unstructured questions for a period of 7 consecutive days. Sixteen participants: 7 men, mean age 65 ± 7 (range 55-73 years old), and 9 women, mean age 65 ± 9 (range 50-72 years old) participated in the study. Results: Two themes emerged from the analysis: 1) Impaired quality of life and 2) symptom tolerance and adaptation. The theme "impaired quality of life" included the categories limited physical ability, psychological burdens, and social life barriers. The theme "symptom tolerance and adaptation" included importance of health care, social support, hobbies and leisure activities, and coping strategies. Significance of results: The findings in our study showed that patients, in spite of considerable difficulties with shortness of breath, found relief in several types of activities, in addition to drug therapy. The result indicates that the "biopsychosocial model" is an appealing approach that should be discussed further to gain a better understanding of breathlessness. Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2013.

  • 33.
    Aideed, Rahma
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Lindberg, Isabella
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Sjuksköterskans erfarenheter av att identifiera smärta hos personer med demenssjukdom på särskilt boende: En litteraturstudie2021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The prevalence of dementia in the world is increasing with a rising average life expectancy. Dementia is a condition that, among other things, means that a person has difficulty communicating pain verbally. Nurses are responsible for assessing pain in people with dementia. Aim: This literature study aimed to shed light on the nurses' experiences of pain assessment among people with dementia in nursing homes. Method: A general literature study was conducted where seven scientific articles were compiled and analysed based on a qualitative content analysis. Results: The study results were based on seven scientific articles that resulted in three main categories: nurses experience limitations due to communication barriers, the importance of continuity and support from relatives and the importance of nurses' experience and competence. Conclusion: The nurses experienced difficulties in assessing pain in people with dementia. This was due to limited communication skills in people with dementia. It was, therefore, challenging to have a mutual dialogue. Education and experience where an important factor for nurses. Continuous care setting and support of relatives was also highlighted as valuable.

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  • 34.
    Aili, Anna-Karin
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Andreasson, Kristina
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Träff, Anna
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av familjecentrerad enkelrumsvård på neonatalavdelning: - En intervjustudie2016Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    There are 36 neonatal wards in Sweden, which demands a highly specialized healthcare. Therefore, neonatal nurses need to have adequate education and have good knowledge within their field. Not every ward in Sweden conducts family centered single-room care. This care-model means that parents take care of their child throughout the day with the support from nurses.

    The aim of this study was to highlight nurses’ experience of family-centered single-room care in a neonatal ward. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. From the result three categories emerged; nurses and family-centered single-rooms care, parents and family-centered single rooms care and children and family-centered single room.

    The result showed that family-centered single-room care is preferred from both nurses and families. Experience shows that nurses’ role has changed from being the one closest to the child and performs nursing care, to leave that responsibility to the parents and instead assume a teaching role. This allows parents to grow in their roles and strengthens the connection with the child. Communication between nurses and families is important for this form of care to succeed, and therefore needs to be highlighted in future educations. Neonatal wards need to discussed communication and structured up how it should be carried out on the workplace.

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    Familjecentrerad enkelrumsvård
  • 35.
    Aili, Katarina
    et al.
    Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden & FoU Spenshult, Halmstad, Sweden.
    Andersson, Maria L.E.
    FoU Spenshult, Halmstad, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Bremander, Ann
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Innovation and Sustainability, The Rydberg Laboratory for Applied Sciences (RLAS). FoU Spenshult, Halmstad, Sweden.
    Haglund, Emma
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Innovation and Sustainability, The Rydberg Laboratory for Applied Sciences (RLAS). FoU Spenshult, Halmstad, Sweden.
    Larsson, Ingrid
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI). FoU Spenshult, Halmstad, Sweden.
    Bergman, Stefan
    FoU Spenshult, Halmstad, Sweden & Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Sleep problems and fatigue as a predictor for the onset of chronic widespread painover a 5- and 18-year perspective: a 20-year prospective study2018In: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, ISSN 0003-4967, E-ISSN 1468-2060, Vol. 77, p. 87-87, article id OP0072Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: If localised pain represent one end of a pain spectra, with overall better general health, chronic widespread pain (CWP) and fibromyalgia represent the other end of the spectra with worse general health and more comorbidities with other somatic diseases and mental illness. Sleep problems and fatigue are common among individuals reporting CWP and previous research indicate that sleep problems may be an important predictor for pain prognosis.

    Objectives: The aim of this population-based study was to investigate if sleep problems and fatigue predict the onset of CWP 5 and 18 years later.

    Methods: In order to get more stable baseline classifications of CWP, a wash-out period was used, including only individuals who had not reported CWP (according to ACR 1990 criteria for fibromyalgia) at baseline (−98) and three years prior baseline (−95). In all, data from 1249 individuals entered the analyses for the 5 year follow-up (−03) and 791 entered for the 18 year follow-up (−16). Four parameters related to sleep (difficulties initiating sleep, maintaining sleep, early morning awakening and non-restorative sleep), and one parameter related to fatigue (SF-36 vitality scale) were investigated as predictors for CWP. Binary logistic regression analysis were used for analyses.

    Results: All investigated parameters predicted the onset of CWP five years later (problems with initiating sleep (OR 1.91; 1.16–3.14), maintaining sleep (OR 1.85; 1.14–3.01), early awakening (OR 2.0; 1.37–3.75), non-restorative sleep (OR 2.27; 1.37–3.75) and fatigue (OR 3.70; 1.76–7.84)) in a model adjusted for age, gender, socio-economy and mental health. All parameters except problems with early awakening predicted the onset of CWP also 18 years later. In all, 785 individuals did not report any of the sleeping problems at baseline (fatigue not included), 268 reported one of the problems, 167 two, 128 three and 117 subjects reported to have all four sleep problems. Reporting all four sleep problems was significantly associated with CWP at follow-up at both time points when adjusting for age, gender, socio economy and mental health (OR 4.00; 2.03–7.91 and OR 3.95; 1.90–8.20); adjusting for age, gender, socio economy and number of pain regions (OR 2.94; 1.48–5.82 and OR 2.65; 1.24–5.64) and in a model adjusting for age, gender, socio economy and pain severity (OR 2.97;1.53–5.76; and OR 3.02;1.47–6.21) for the 5 year and 18 year follow-up respectively, compared to not reporting any of the sleep problems at baseline.

    Conclusions: Both sleeping problems and fatigue predicts the onset of CWP 5- and 18 years later. The results highlight the importance of the assessment of sleep quality in the clinic.

  • 36.
    Aili, Katarina
    et al.
    Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Bergman, Stefan
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI). FoU Spenshult, Halmstad, Sweden & The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Bremander, Ann
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Innovation and Sustainability, The Rydberg Laboratory for Applied Sciences (RLAS). FoU Spenshult, Halmstad, Sweden & Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Haglund, Emma
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Innovation and Sustainability, The Rydberg Laboratory for Applied Sciences (RLAS). FoU Spenshult, Halmstad, Sweden.
    Larsson, Ingrid
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI). FoU Spenshult, Halmstad, Sweden.
    Women’s experiences of coping with chronic widespread pain – a qualitative study2018In: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, ISSN 0003-4967, E-ISSN 1468-2060, Vol. 77, p. 1815-1815, article id FRI10737-HPRArticle in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Approximately ten percent of the population report chronic widespread pain (CWP), the condition is more common among women than men. For most people, the pain interferes with many aspects of every-day life and implies large consequences. However, the group reporting CWP is heterogeneous and there is a need for better understanding of the different strategies used for coping with pain in every-day life.

    Objectives: The purpose of this study was to describe women’s experiences of how to cope with CWP.

    Methods: The study had a descriptive design with a qualitative content analysis approach. Individual interviews were conducted with 19 women, 31–66 of age, who had reported CWP in a survey 2016. CWP was defined according to the 1990 ACR criteria for fibromyalgia. To be considered chronic, the pain should have persisted for more than three months during the last 12 months. A manifest qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the main question “How do you cope with your chronic widespread pain?” The analysis resulted in four categories.

    Results: Women described their coping with CWP in four different ways; to take control, to continue as usual, to follow instructions and to rest. To take control meant to make deliberate decisions to handle everyday day life. It also meant to take care of oneself, to think positive and to exercise at an adequate level. To continue as usual meant not to listen to body signals and either to ignore or accept the pain. To follow instructions meant listening to the health professionals and following advices, but without taking any part of the responsibility for the treatment outcome. To rest meant to perceive an unreasonable need for recovery, to resign and let the pain set the terms for the daily living.

    Conclusions: Women expressed different ways of coping with CWP including both active and passive strategies. The coping strategies included two dimensions, where one ranged from actively taking control over the pain, to passively following instructions and the other from actively continue as usual by either accepting or ignoring the pain to passively rest and being mastered by pain.

  • 37.
    Akiki, Hiba
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Goodwin, Jennifer
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Sjuksköterskors erfarenhet av faktorer på arbetsplatsen som påverkar omvårdnadsdokumentation inom slutenvård: En litteraturstudie2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Nursing documentation is an important part of the nurse's work. Because of developments in healthcare, laws and the patients’ varying problems, documentation is increasingly needed, leading to nursing documentation constantly changing. For improving nursing documentation and its’ quality, it is important to explore the nurses' experiences of factors that affect nursing documentation in an inpatient setting. Aim: The aim of the literature study was to explore nurses' experiences regarding factors at the workplace affecting nursing documentation in inpatient setting. Methods: The literature study was based on empirical studies. Data analysis was performed according to a qualitative manifest content analysis. Results: The analysis of ten articles resulted in three categories: Technique, Communication, and Organization. The experiences differed between nurses who considered thetechnology behind the electronic documentation systems as positive and others who experienced it as negative. In addition, the nurses' experiences of nursing documentation in an inpatient setting as a communication tool differed between those who considered it appropriate and others who experienced it poorly. Moreover, nurses’ experiences of nursing documentation were affected by the management and their control over the nurses. Conclusion: The chain of care should be hold together through a clear communication and a supportive organization. Further research should investigate how electronic nursing documentation can be made simpler and how the patients experience participation in nursing documentation.

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  • 38.
    Al Nassani, Asmaa
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Kritsadarueangsri, Chortippawan
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Omvårdnad vid Språkbarriärer: En litteraturstudie om sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av språkbarriärer i akuta situationer2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The increasing immigration in Sweden has contributed to diversity in the country, with people coming from different backgrounds and speaking different languages. Language is crucial for effective nurse-patient communication that forms the basis for person-centered care and participation. In acute care, there is often time pressure, and language barriers can be an obstacle affecting care quality. Aim: The aim was to describe nurses’ experiences of caring for patients in acute situations when verbal language barriers are present. Method: A general literature review with an inductive approach, based on 12 articles retrieving from PubMed, CINAHL and PsycInfo databases. Results: Four categories were identified from the analysis of the articles’ findings: Experiences of communication-promotion methods, Experiences of language barriers’ impacts on quality of care, Experiences of language barriers as challenges for the nurse and Experiences of adaptations and changes in nursing role. Conclusion: Nurses working in acute situations experienced challenges in communicating effectively with patients when language barriers were present. Despite the challenges, nurses tried to adapt through various communication methods. Stress and time pressure negatively affected the quality of care and the patient-nurse relationship. It was considered important to adapt to every patient’s unique needs to overcome language barriers. 

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  • 39.
    Al Zahed, Mariam
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Mårtensson, Amanda Louise Helena
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Bemötandet av patienter med psykisk ohälsa2015Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Psykisk ohälsa är ett växande folkhälsoproblem idag inom hälso- och sjukvården. Psykisk ohälsa yttrar sig olika för varje enskild individ och gör den därför svår att bemöta. Forskningen visar att det är framförallt kunskapsbristen hos sjuksköterskan skapar en rädsla hos sjuksköterskan och därmed påverkar mötet med patienten. Syftet med systematisk litteraturstudie var att belysa hur sjuksköterskan bemöter patienter med psykisk ohälsa. Resultatet från 12 artiklar med både kvalitativ och kvantitativ ansats har analyserats till två kategorier: Bemötande och Stigmatisering. Sammafattningsvis visar uppsatsen att det krävs empati och förståelse från sjuksköterskan, men likväl utbildning inom området psykisk ohälsa, för att på så sätt minska utrymmet för rädsla och missförstånd. Vidare framkommer det att det krävs vidare forskning som undersöker hur sjuksköterskor som utbildas inom psykiatri förhåller sig i mötet med en patient med psykisk ohälsa. Forskning visar på att en sjuksköterska som har ett gott bemötande även främjar tillfrisknandet men även eliminerar eventuell stigmatisering

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  • 40.
    Alagic, Selvir
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Olsson, David
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Faktorer som påverkar patienters sömn under sjukhusvistelse: En litteraturstudie2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The sleep patients receive in hospitals is not optimal and is disturbed by a variety of factors. Sleep is a fundamental part of the human body and is a state the allows for recovery and memory storage. Sleep disorders contribute to a range of complications in the cardiovascular system, endocrine functions, immune system, and nervous system. Aim: The aim was to highlight factors that affect patient’s sleep during hospital stays. Method: A general literature review that includes an analysis of ten articles and a compilation of their findings. The articles were retrieved from the CINAHL and PubMed databases. Results: Identification of sleepdisturbing moments in hospitals is important due to the crucial role sleep plays in the body. Four categories emerged from the analysis, which were:noise, light, temperature and medical- and nursing interventions. The result showed that similar factors were experienced as sleep-disturbing in several hospitals in different countries. Conclusion/Implication: Sleep disorders contributes to physiological and psychological health problems for persons.Nurses require education and knowledge about sleep to provide persons with more adequate person-centered care

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  • 41.
    Al-Ali, Sara
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Grigoryan, Anzhela
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Sjuksköterskans bemötande av patienter med alkoholmissbruk med fokus på kvinnliga patienter: En allmän litteraturstudie2022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Alcohol can be associated with festive occasions and celebrations. High alcohol consumption on the other hand can affect the quality of life and lead to an addiction that has a negative impact on the person and the human body. This can lead to social, physical and mental problems in everyday life. Purpose: To illustratethe nurses’ attitudes of treating patients with alcohol abuse with focus on female patients. Method: The method was designed as a general literature study and was based on seven scientific articles. In the analysis, relevant information was colormarked and the data were then grouped into overall sub- and main categories. Results: Two main categories were identified i) the nurses’ attitudes, and ii) the stigmatized woman. Lack of knowledge and commitment among nurses has a negative effect on patients with alcohol abuse. Despite this, a good response emerged where nurses had a holistic approach where the patient is treated as a dignified person and a person behind the addiction. Conclusion: The nurse’s attitude varied due to personal circumstances, knowledge and experience. Research into describing the nurse’s attitude of treating women and men’s with alcohol abuse from a specific gender perspective is lacking and more research in this area is needed. 

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  • 42.
    Albinsson, Eleonore
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS).
    Jonasson, Ida
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS).
    Sjuksköterskans attityder gentemot homosexualitet: - ur ett patientperspektiv2010Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Att avslöja sin homosexuella läggning blir allt vanligare i dagens samhälle, dock lever negativa attityder gentemot homosexualitet och homosexuella individer kvar. I vården som i resten av samhället speglas vi av heteronormativa attityder och tankar. Det förutsätts att de flesta människor lever enligt den heterosexuella normen, vilket kan göra det svårare för homosexuella personer att komma ut och vara öppna om sin homosexuella läggning. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att belysa patienters upplevelse av sjuksköterskans attityder och bemötande gentemot deras homosexuella läggning. Litteraturstudien utformades utifrån en induktiv ansats, där 14 vetenskapliga artiklar användes till resultatet. I resultatet framkom det att hälso- och sjukvården upplevs styras av ett heteronormativt tankesätt, där patienten antas vara heterosexuell. Bristfällig kunskap hos sjuksköterskor och annan vårdpersonal var något som upplevdes av flera informanter. Många var också rädda för att avslöja sin homosexuella läggning på grund av oro för sämre vård och negativa attityder ifrån vårdpersonal. Framtida forskning bör inriktas på vidare studier av patienter som är homosexuella och deras upplevelser av hälso- och sjukvård och dess attityder gentemot homosexualitet. Det kunde också vara intressant att studera om det fanns skillnader mellan homosexuella män och kvinnor när det gäller deras upplevelser av bemötandet inom vården. 

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  • 43.
    Albjär, Kajsa
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS).
    Andersson, Sofie
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS).
    Har du mens eller?: Kvinnors erfarenheter av att leva med PMS2015Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Premenstrual syndrome, also known as PMS, is a phenomenon that is estimated to effect 20-30% of all menstruating women. The premenstrual symptoms appear in the lutheal phase of the menstrual cycle and usually recurs monthly. The aim of this study was to describe the experiences of women with premenstrual syndrome. This study is conducted as a literature study, based on ten scinentific articles. Three major themes were identified from the results of the articles. The results of the literature study illustrates that women often experience disbelief when they try to describe their premenstrual experiences. The disbelief often occurs in relation to describing PMS to partners, co-workers and health care professionals. The study also shows that there is a great ignorance about PMS and the phenomenon is often portrayed negatively and ridiculed. Many women described the value of getting to talk about their premenstrual experiences without being judged and met with disbelief. It is of great importance that through education develops the nursing care and increase awareness among health care professionals about female phenomena such as PMS. To help women relieve the suffering the premenstrual symptoms can cause, it is important that further research is conducted. 

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  • 44.
    Albrektson, Nellie
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Karlsson, Sofie
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Omvårdnadsåtgärder i relation till urinvägsinfektion2017Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Bakgrund: Urinvägsinfektion kan anses okomplicerat men tillståndet kan leda till onödigt lidande och påverka patienters välmående, dagliga aktiviteter och sociala liv. Sjuksköterskan saknar tillräckligt med evidens för att utföra lämplig omvårdnad relaterat till urinvägsinfektion. Caring och Nursing är perspektiv för forskning inom sjuksköterskans vetenskap. Syfte: Beskriva vad omvårdnadsåtgärder är i relation till urinvägsinfektion. Metod: En litteraturstudie genomfördes utifrån en systematisk sökning i databaser för omvårdnadsforskning. Nio vetenskapliga artiklar analyserades med frågor som stöd och inspiration från ett hermeneutiskt förhållningssätt. Resultat: De vetenskapliga artiklarna resulterade i fem kategorier: Behov och bemötande, Observation och övervakning, Upprätthålla hygien och vätskeintag, Utbildning och attityd och Kunskap och utvärdering. Resultatet belyser att kontinuerlig undervisning och teamarbete kan uppmuntra till ökad medvetenhet kring omvårdnadsåtgärder och öka patientsäkerheten. Det är viktigt att patienter känner att de blir hörda samt att problem uppmärksammas och tas på allvar.  Slutsats: Forskning kring omvårdnadsåtgärder i relation till urinvägsinfektion är bristfällig. Litteraturstudien lyfter fram och ökar medvetenheten om vilka omvårdnadsåtgärder som kan impliceras i omvårdnadsarbetet. 

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  • 45.
    Alderhorn, Katarina
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS).
    Lindholm, Charlotta
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS).
    Lundin, Magnus
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS).
    Förbättrad patientsäkerhet vid överlämnandet från operationssalen till intensivvårdsavdelningen2013Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    When safety at handover fails, devastating consequences may be the result. Intensive and surgical care is conducted in highly technological environments which leaves the patient in exposed situations. In handover cases like this, safety aspects are highly important. The purpose of this literature review was to thoroughly describe the patient safety in handover between intensive care units and surgical units. In this study, 14 scientific articles have been reviewed and the conclusion of this work is that communication between intensive care units and surgical units was greatly improved by means of using a structured hand over tool. The immediate work environment also affects the handover, and disturbing elements such as alarms going off contributed to negative side effects at the handover. The teamwork was improved by using shared medical records to better plan the pre and post-operative care. Some of the studies questioned the level of education in communication skills and teamwork. Additional research on the subject is sought for, mostly by Scandinavian countries and especially Sweden. Additional research concerning hand over tools ought to be interesting for the future in order to map the actual utilization of these tools during handover.

     

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  • 46.
    Aldén, Louvisa
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Lindkvist, Lova
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att vårda patienter med hjärtsvikt: En allmänlitteraturstudie2024Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Bakgrund: Hjärtsvikt är en progressiv sjukdom och ett växande folkhälsoproblem. Patienter med hjärtsvikt får göra markanta livsstilsförändringar utifrån sjukdomens symtom. Med hjärtsvikt tillkommer ett stort omvårdnadsbehov, vilket kräver mer av sjuksköterskorna. Det finns en problematik med att kunna tillhandahålla tillräckliga resurser med det ökande antal patienter som drabbas av hjärtsvikt. Problematiken leder till att sjuksköterskorna får en högre arbetsbelastning, vilket orsakar att patienterna upplever brister i omvårdnaden. Omvårdnadsåtgärder och egenvård utgör huvuddelen av behandlingen, vilket betonar den centrala rollen som sjuksköterskan spelar i vården av patienterna med hjärtsvikt. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att vårda patienter med hjärtsvikt. Metod: Studien utfördes som en allmän litteraturstudie. Det valdes ut 15 resultatartiklar från två olika databaser. Resultatartiklarna analyserades, omarbetades och sammanställdes till fem huvudkategorier. Resultat: Huvudkategorierna som framkom var: Utmaningar, Kunskapsbrister och Utbildning, Kommunikation, Kontinuitet och Professionell vårdrelation. Konklusion: Det framkom att kommunikation var den gemensamma nämnaren i alla teman i resultatet. En effektiv och säker vård krävde god kommunikation i både patientmöten och inom vårdteamet. Ytterligare utbildning kunde underlätta för sjuksköterskorna och förbättra arbetsmiljön. Kontinuitet och etablerandet av en professionell vårdrelation bidrog till ett ökat välbefinnande hos både sjuksköterskor och patienter.

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  • 47.
    Alexandersson, Ellen
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS).
    Persson, Viktoria
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS).
    Smärtbedömning hos patienter med demenssjukdom2014Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Patienter diagnostiserade med en demenssjukdom har en nedsatt förmåga att uttrycka smärta vilket skapar problem i samband med smärtidentifiering, vilket leder till ökade krav och ansvar av sjuksköterskan. År 2010 beräknades 148000 svenska invånare vara diagnostiserade med någon form av demenssjukdom, vilket gör den till Sveriges vanligaste sjukdom bland äldre. Syftet var att belysa vilken kunskap sjuksköterskan behöver vid smärtbedömning av patienter med demenssjukdom. Metoden som användes var en litteraturstudie där resultatet utgjordes av 14 vetenskapliga artiklar, där 9 var kvalitativa och 5 var kvantitativa. Resultatet visar att smärta främst uttrycks genom beteendeförändringar, ansiktsuttryck och verbala uttryck. För att bedöma smärtan använder sig sjuksköterskan av dygnsregistreringsscheman och familjemedlemmar. Svårigheter med smärtbedömningen hos denna patientgrupp leder ibland till att sjuksköterskan blundar för smärtproblematiken och upplever känslor av maktlöshet och ångest. Då andelen patienter med demenssjukdom, och då även smärtproblematik beräknas öka krävs det av sjuksköterskorna en ökad utbildning och medvetenhet. Genom att nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskor får kunskap om patientgruppen sprids kunskapen till den kliniska verksamheten. Inom forskning önskas studier där hänsyn till kön tas.

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  • 48.
    Alexandersson, Walter
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Karlsson, Alfred
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Patienters upplevelser av smärta efter total knäledsplastik: En litteraturstudie2024Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Pain has a strong impact on patients going through total knee arthroplasty. Pain was experienced as a great obstacle for patients before the surgery, and there was an expectation in patients that the surgery would help them return to a pain free, normal life. Aim: The aim of this study was to illustrate patients experiences of pain after total knee arthroplasty. Method: This study was conducted as a general literature review with an inductive approach, containing 11 articles with a qualitative design. The articles results were compiled into three different categories: The Impact of Pain in Everyday Life, the Impact of Pain in Rehabilitation and Managing Pain. Results: The study result shows that the experience of pain varied between individuals. These variations were rooted in different obstacles that was caused by the pain in everyday activities, different ways to cope with the pain, different strategies and how pain inflicted on rehabilitation exercises. This along with insufficient information, dissatisfaction with the surgery and negative feelings affected the pain experience after total knee arthroplasty. Conclusion: By highlighting different experiences, one gets an understanding of what challenges pain brings after total knee arthroplasty. It appears that there are deficiencies of understanding in what patients are expecting regarding pain and compared to the actual experience. This study could help nurses understand patients experience of pain.

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  • 49.
    Alexandra, Fåglum Clarke
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Sara, Johansson
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Erfarenheter av att överleva ett hjärtstopp: En allmän litteraturstudie2024Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Cardiac arrest is a life-threatening condition that requires life sustaining measures. Each year 1.3 million people suffer cardiac arrest worldwide. Thanks to medical progress the number of survivors is increasing. Current research shows that survivors were troubled from physical and psychological complications. The post-cardiac arrest care has been described as inadequate, as patients’ care needs go unnoticed. Aim: The aim was to highlight the patients’ experiences surviving cardiac arrest. Method: A general literature study that included eight qualitative studies, one quantitative study and one mixed method study. Results: The result highlights five main categories: Health impact, challenges in the encounter with healthcare, a changed existence, gratitude for life and existential questions. Several survivors suffered a decreased cognitive ability, physical impairment, and a negative impact on their psychological well-being. Experience from patients that survived was that life changed completely after the cardiac arrest. Patients expressed that they received insufficient attention from the healthcare staff, they felt abandoned, and the aftercare was inadequate. Patients experienced a new perspective on life and gratefulness to be alive. Conclusion: There is a need for quality improvement of the nursing care post-cardiac arrest. Further research is needed on women’s experiences of surviving cardiac arrest.

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  • 50.
    Alfredsson, Carina
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS).
    Roth, Marie
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS).
    Schenell, Ramona
    Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS).
    Att leva med svår hjärtsvikt: Faktorer som påverkar livskvaliteten2013Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Approximately 200 000 Swedes have been diagnosed with heart failure, which means that it´s one of the most common diagnosis in health care. Heart failure is a condition with severe symptoms and high mortality. Quality of life (QOL) is affected by the individual´s physical and psychological health, level of independence, social relationships and events in the environment. The aim of the study was to describe factors that affect the QOL in people with severe heart failure. The literature review included 13 articles, 12 quantitative and one qualitative constituted the basis for the result. The heart failures severity, symptom burden, comorbidity and limited autonomy were factors that influenced the QOL negatively. Positive factors were good social support and ability to maintain good spirits despite a difficult situation. The conclusion was that the greater impact heart failure had on daily life, the poorer QOL. Factors that affect daily life and therefore QOL was: overall symptom burden, autonomy and the extent of the gap between expectations and reality. The multi-professional team and the tradition of person-centered approach, significant for palliative care, would benefit people with severe heart failure who has the most impaired QOL. Heart failure creates physical, psychological, social and spiritual suffering and is the reason why people with heart failure should be offered palliative care. To get a holistic view of QOL in severe heart failure more qualitative research is needed.

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