This study provides an analysis of the benefits of adding solar PV and batteries to industries, both examing the grid-connected and off-grid cases.The electricity demand of 28 companies in Falkenberg, Sweden, whose industries require high voltages for electricity, were studied. We examined the extent to which these companies can depend on energy generated from photovoltaic cells and stored in batteries, as well as the impact of peak loads and the possibility of eliminating peaks when operating off-grid.The data for each of these cases were analyzed for companies to determine the energy that can be generated from photovoltaic cells on-site, and then take advantage of this energy directly and store the surplus in batteries to reduce dependence on the grid or reduce this dependence to a minimum, and study the role of the battery. We obtained interesting results and reliable systems during this study, as we noticed the effect of changing working hours in these companies in proportion to the times of energy production during the period of daily solar radiation.By studying the main load models in these companies and using the results and data analysis, it was noted that batteries can be a reliable solution, in which the energy generated from solar cells is used directly and the excess electricity is stored in the batteries later, and we noted the possibility of operating the entire system off-grid, which was found realistic if the company would have been located in Egypt. .

I dagens affärssamhälle är utbytet av vanliga visitkort i papper enormt. Det är utan tvekan det ledande sättet för människor som träffas första gången att utbyta information i en affärsrelation. Det finns brister gällande uppföljning och hantering av vanliga visitkort och projektgruppen började då fundera på alternativ till pappersvisitkorten.

I dagens samhälle flyttas alltmer teknik till mobiltelefoner. En mobiltelefon kan idag användas till allt från att göra bankärenden till att läsa tidningen på nätet, vilket för 15 år sedan skulle låta helt orimligt. Det dyker dagligen upp nya mobilapplikationer som ska underlätta och effektivisera vardagen på något sätt och marknaden är enorm. På denna snabbt växande marknad har projektgruppen valt att ta fram ett koncept som de kallar Meetia.

Meetia är i huvudsak en mobilapplikation framtagen för att trådlöst utbyta digitala visitkort och förenkla bokning av möten genom att synka användarnas kalendrar. Applikationen har även funktioner som låter användaren enkelt och snabbt skapa nya visitkort direkt i telefonen.

Projektgruppen har även tagit fram en kompletterande hemsida till mobilapplikationen där användare har möjlighet att lagra och hantera de digitala visitkort som mottagits, för att sedan genom smarta sökfunktioner enkelt hitta de visitkort man söker.

Meetia kommer vara ett optimalt verktyg för att skapa nya kontakter då hela vägen från första kontakt till möte eller lagring av visitkort enkelt sköts med konceptet Meetia. Meetia kommer framför allt inrikta sig mot mässor där visitkort är vanligt förekommande och mängder affärskontakter skapas. För att nå ut till de stora mässorna i Sverige kommer applikationen finnas med mässfunktioner.

This thesis combines technological innovation systems with business models in a qualitative case study regarding charging point operators for heavy battery electric vehicles in south Sweden. The heavy battery electric vehicle market is still in early development in Sweden, and the development of public charging stations for heavy battery electric vehicles is low. The case study is developed from several qualitative interviews with relevant actors regarding the system for heavy battery electric vehicle charging stations. The case study delivers an empirical understanding of the heavy battery electric vehicles market system in south Sweden through a technological innovation system, as well as developing the technological innovation system literature to give regulatory and direct recommendations to the actor in focus. These recommendations were based on barriers for charging point operator business models, where the recommendations to charging point operators are on components to business models that can mitigate these barriers. The regulatory recommendations provided are more traditional to the technological innovation system literature. The combination of the technological innovation system and business model literature has also provided the ability to give a more in-depth analysis of business models for actors in new emerging markets. 

Information security is an important aspect when running a business. Before, information security has been separated to the business area of IT. But lately this issue has broadened and become an important part of business-activity. This has resulted in a growing interest among business leaders. Literature within the subject information security mainly focuses on how organizations maintain safe systems and protect themselves from cyber-attacks and information infringements. Existing literature identifies new security threats that have emerged after advances in internet technology, but little is known about how these threats can be managed. Researchers request research on how cooperation in supply chains poses risks to secure information management. Logistics companies provide customers with logistics services such as warehouse management, transport, order processing and packaging. Logistics companies are a central node in supply chains. They often participate in several supply chains in different industries. The extensive interconnection of companies poses a security risk. It also means that logistics companies can be seen as targets for cyber-attacks. The purpose of the study has therefore been to create an understanding of the challenges logistics companies face in managing information security in the supply chain.

The research question has been answered by interviewing representatives from logistics organizations. The empirical data has undergone a thematic analysis. The results of the study show that the management of information security varies between companies. The study’s conclusions present recommendations. The recommendations describe how logistics companies can manage information security in the supply chain.

This paper reports from preparations in an ongoing research study concerning how digital service innovation transforms value networks in manufacturing industries. The research study is in the context of the vehicle industry and concerns digital e-maintenance services based on remote diagnostics systems. This digital service innovation in particular is of great importance since manufacturing industries have great potential to expand their business and found new and extended boundaries and relationships with other stakeholder in a network they are attached to. Core challenges and opportunities for digital service innovation will lead us to the study of its influence on the business and innovation environment i.e. the value network. This paper presents a framework to study how digital service innovation transforms value networks based on literature reviews on value network, digital innovation and transformation of value networks.

Thefts and shoplifting is a big problem for local stores, additionally the development of e-commerce is a deciding factor for the success of physical stores and their profitability. An increasing amount of money is being invested in security solutions, guards and other related personnel. 

The goal of this Bachelors thesis has been to develop a product for a modern and innovative smart shopping cart. The resulting cart is a tool that is more suitable for the benefit of consumers and their need for a more comfortable shopping experience, it has the benefit of streamlining the shopping process which in turn could attract repeat customers. 

Through the use of new technology as well as the Internet and new functions at a competitive price point there is a great opportunity to market this product. The shopping cart uses image analysis and a load cell which alleviates the need for customers to manually scan each article for purchase, instead it is identified and registered as it is placed in the shopping cart. 

The prototype has been compared to other solutions and conclusions have been drawn as to the optimality of the product fulfill the purpose.

Current research in iris recognition is moving towards enabling more relaxed acquisition conditions. This has effects on the quality of acquired images, with low resolution being a predominant issue. Here, we evaluate a super-resolution algorithm used to reconstruct iris images based on Eigen-transformation of local image patches. Each patch is reconstructed separately, allowing better quality of enhanced images by preserving local information. Contrast enhancement is used to improve the reconstruction quality, while matcher fusion has been adopted to improve iris recognition performance. We validate the system using a database of 1,872 near-infrared iris images. The presented approach is superior to bilinear or bicubic interpolation, especially at lower resolutions, and the fusion of the two systems pushes the EER to below 5% for down-sampling factors up to a image size of only 13×13.

Photovoltaic (PV) system and the battery energy storage system are promising to supply power for residential buildings. Solar panels along with the battery energy storage (BESS) presents an opportunity for the households to use a much greater proportion of the solar photovoltaic (PV) to generate the electricity and minimize the need of purchasing expensive electricity from the electricity grid. This project presents a framework for conducting the economic and technical analysis of residential house along with the integration of solar panel units and the BESSs. In this study, the electricity consumption of a multi flats building (Magnolia) in Helsingborg and the PV production profile under local weather conditions are compared and analyzed. The proposed framework is developed by considering different prices of electricity of the existing electricity market in Sweden as well as the investment costs for the solar PV units and BESSs. The economic analysis is carried out based on different economic measures such as electricity price, simple payback analysis, net present value, payback analysis based on funding and without funding, and reduction in carbon-di-oxide (CO2) emissions. Technical evaluations of the BESS are carried out based on peak shaving purpose and overproduction from the solar panels. and The results show that ten 28 kWh of the BESSs in Magnolia building is required in order to meet the customer electricity demand and reduce the stress on the electricity grid as well as power cost and size of the fuse. Furthermore, the customer saves 154256 kr yearly, with the payback period of 14 to 20 years, which is almost similar to the expected lifetime of such a BESS.

Injuries in the female gymnast are common and it is important to understand the biomechanical factors responsible for injury. The Back Walkover maneuver requires one of the greatest amounts of lumbar hyperextension compared to other common gymnastic maneuvers. During the Back Walkover large lateral and vertical impact forces follows on the spine. The spine and muscles around the spine have to absorb generally large forces; therefore the loads on the back and certainly on the lower back are of significant interest. Additionally, it takes a lot of strength and a vast range of motion to perform gymnastic maneuvers such as The Back Walkover. It is of interest to study mechanical loads on a female gymnast since they show higher occurrences of stress-related pathologies of the lumbar spine.

Therefore the purpose of this project was to examine the loads on the spine during the gymnastic maneuver Back Walkover. Tests on a single female gymnast were made at the sports engineering lab at the University of Adelaide in Australia. Using the 3D-camera system; Optitrack Motion Capture System and Kistler Force Plate, positional data for two dimensions, X-direction (anterior-posterior) and Z-direction (vertical), and ground force were received. Data received were progressed into a graph, diagrams and biomechanical calculations where forces for the vertebrae L1 were calculated in vertical and horizontal direction. The received forces were compared to vertical and horizontal forces in L1 during standing position. Together with developed videos this assisted to model the loads of the spine (L1) during the gymnastic maneuver the “Back Walkover”. The study has led to a deeper knowledge for the community about the risks for female gymnasts and has widened the experience of the project participant, as the project aimed. 

For safety reasons, autonomous vehicles should communicate their intent rather than explicitly invite people to act. At RISE Viktoria in Sweden, we believe this simple design principle will impact how autonomous vehicles are experienced in the future.

The background to this project is an identified need within Ringhals AB group for portfolio and strategy, where they saw an opportunity for development. Currently, decisions are made in project portfolio management by reviewing physical lists, which can be time consuming. Therefore the idea was raised if it would be possible to make a digital visualization tool to get a faster and better overview of the project portfolio. 

This project is a collaboration between students from the Development Engineering program at Halmstad University and supervisors from the company Ringhals AB. With frequent dialogues and an agile way of working according to the Design Thinking method, the design of OPTI IP, the digital visualization tool, was developed. The development of the design has involved an exploration of relevant theoretical areas in order to produce a business and user-friendly design. The thesis has generated a good basis with material for Ringhals AB to be able to program and implement the digital tool in the future. 

This work is done in cooperation with the Halmstad local police. We examine how seizedphones are handled throughout the organisation. We investigate where and if there canoccur issues with the physical device handling and we also look at how the extractions madeon seized phones are analysed and the possible problems with that work.We have interviewed several employees, both sworn and unsworn staff, we have looked atprovided statistics and done thorough background research in this field. The comparison andanalysis of the material show that the evidence integrity and the chain of custody standcomparably firm. We do on the other hand see issues with the knowledge level in the ITforensic field, the wish for more training, the lack of knowledge sharing between groups andthe risk for missing crucial evidence due to these issues. We also look at some possibleways of meeting the risks mentioned by investigating the newly employed IT caseadministrators and how that has turned out. At the local police stations, these persons solveissues that needed addressing but were previously neglected due to lack of knowledgeablestaff. The suggestions on adding these types of employees address some of the issues withextraction analysis. The paper also proposes some possible solutions to some of theproblems mentioned.

As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly prevalent in the news industry, there is an increasing interest in researching how journalists' views relate to the digital development which AI-driven services bring. The way journalists perceive AI-driven services is complex. The study gathered empirical data through a top-down approach to identify three themes based on scientific related literature. Semi-structured interviews were then conducted to collect new knowledge on the topic which was subsequently compiled into a thematic analysis.

The study's conclusion has resulted in ten points divided into three themes which were Inclusion, Impact and Responsibility. The Inclusion theme contains journalists' views on the Inclusion of AI-driven services in the news industry. The Impact theme contains journalists' views on the Impact between AI-driven services in the news industry and journalists. The theme Responsibility describes journalists' views on Responsibility and collaboration with AI-driven services in the news industry.

The acquisition of an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) involves a major investment,which often accounts for a large part of the company's total budget. It is close toimpossible to meet all the demands of companies on the system, which makes theprocurement process of Enterprise Resource Planning a complex and difficult process.In the previous research carried out, it is only taken into consideration how largecompanies handle the procurement process, which means that medium-sized companiesend up not accounted for. It is therefore important to investigate how the procurementprocess for medium-sized companies looks and the challenges that arise are dealt with.The result of this study shows both differences and similarities between medium andlarge companies in terms of procurement processes, its challenges and how companieschoose to handle them.

The third year at the Innovation- and Development program at Halmstad University, this Bachelor Thesis is conducted throughout the autumn- and spring semester. The purpose is to use, apply and deepen the knowledge from previous courses.

Vopti is a service that offers a tailor-made action plan specifically towards Kungsbacka Municipality, but with the business idea to offer the same service to all municipalities in Sweden. The problem description consists of long lead-times, high costs and poor working conditions. The cooperation between the Rehabilitation division and the Aid centre was initially what was presented in the early state of the Bachelor Thesis but after research within the area it appeared to conclude more aspects to regard in order to develop a more sustainable health-care.

Primarily the project group was supposed to develop a concept that would answer the problem description through an easy look over the value-chain when managing caring aid but that was not the case. The project group decided to develop the action plan instead and it would answer the ripple-effects they cause and therefore provide a more sustainable core-business. It solves the following areas: facility, orders, storage, staff, service and maintenance, digitalization, costs, lead-time etcetera.

The hopefully positive effects after a successful implementation are better working conditions, reducing stress and strains by digitizing the entire chain. The lead-times are shortened since the management is centralized and carried out within the municipality and not by the county. The costs will initially be very high but over time the action plan will generate an added value and lower cost to the Rehabilitation divisions budget.

ABSTRACT

This project deals with the search of the most proper offshore foundation to install in the Baltic Sea, in order to reduce costs and environmental impact. A pre-study was performed to define the Baltic Sea conditions and the required knowledge for the following steps. Afterwards, the specifications were set and clarified, and then the concept analysis phase was started. The analysis phase included the description of each one of the current foundations, those which are considered conventional foundations and those which are innovative ones. In order to evaluate these concept foundations, selection methods were used to assess the most relevant features of these foundations which should fulfil the requirements. The concepts ranking was studied and it led to the final results. Two different outcomes were obtained; such as, innovative concepts, which obtained the first position in this report; and conventional concepts, as a second finding. The continuous contact with different experienced professionals of this sector was essential during the whole project, in order to obtain advices, experienced knowledge and feedback.

Creating 3D models takes a lot of time and requires experience in 3D modeling tools, such as Blender and Solidworks. People from different backgrounds, such as computer science students, marketing professionals, and others, need to create 3D models for various purposes, including games and marketing. They need a 3D model, but they need a tool that can help them create 3D models quickly and easily.

Our approach for solving this problem is to go from text → code → 3D model. A Large Language Model (LLM) is utilized to convert the text to code. Then, the code is compiled to create 3D models. The code is a set of high-level function calls that create 3D models. These function calls are defined by us and are called sub-generators. The sub-generators generate synthetic data. CodeLlama, an LLM, is used to generate the code. The Blender Python API is used to compile the code to create 3D models. CodeLlama has been trained using in-context learning (ICL). The generated code is evaluated by comparing it with the code generated by ChatGPT 3.5 and Microsoft's Copilot, which are two other language models. CodeLlama was deployed in a local server. The prompt used in the ICL is evaluated by seeing how compressible and generalizable it is. 

CodeLLama is trained using ICL to generate code for creating fork, spoons, knives, cups, and dishes. CodeLLama can also generate code that modifies the size and color of the 3D models. Additionally, CodeLLama can generate code for creating scenes by combining the 3D models and defining their relative positions. We conclude that all the evaluated models can be used to generate code for this task, but we chose codeLLaMA because it is free, open-source, and can be run locally without the need for an internet connection.

I många år nu har det varit vanligt förekommande att människor suttit hemma vid sin dator och med några få klick laddat ner filmer, musik och programvaror, till en början helt lagligt, men med åren har lagar kommit till som har gjort det mer och mer olagligt.Oavsett om det har varit lagligt eller inte, så är det troligt att många artister, filmmakare och liknande gått miste om stora summor pengar i förlorade inkomster på grund av att folk inte har betalat för att ta del av deras verk, utan istället valt att ladda ner dem över Internet.

Det faktum att fildelning har blivit så pass vanligt och att folk inte har sett det som ett särskilt allvarligt brott, har lett till att fildelning länge har varit ett hett omdiskuterat ämne i media, bland upphovsrättsinnehavare och bland folk i allmänhet. Upphovsmän och upphovsrättsinnehavare, såsom filmbolag, författare och artister har legat på och debatterat för att försöka få till en hårdare lagstiftning för att försvåra fildelning och kopiering av upphovsrättsskyddat material, samt för att få till hårdare straff mot fildelning.

Flera försök från beslutsfattare har gjorts för att råda bot på problemet, nya lagar har stiftats och avtal har skrivits under. Frågan är om de nya lagarna och avtalen gör någon nytta? Blir folk avskräckta från att fildela eller fortsätter de som förut? Många har säkert under många år blivit bortskämda med att kunna sitta hemma vid datorn och på några minuter få hem de senaste filmerna och den nyaste musiken helt gratis, vilket säkert gör det svårt att helt plötsligt sluta fildela och börja betala för film och musik igen.

The paper analyses changes in user activities and behaviour across different types of actors following the introduction of 3D printers. 3D printing, or additive manufacturing, has been claimed to disrupt manufacturing, allowing firms to move from prototyping to full-scale end-part production and replacement part production in a one-step process. 3D printing has many different uses, for example, the manufacturing of toys, shoes, lamps and fashion accessories, and by implication many different types of users and buyers. There are few empirical studies on the types of uses and users of 3D, hampering our understanding in what ways the 3D printers may change the behaviour of users, and whether 3D printers affect the likelihood and the nature of entrepreneurship or business model innovation. To investigate this, a model was created based on the 3DP literature. The model is applied on a distributor customer database and four interview-based illustrative case studies. The empirical findings show that the use of 3DP a) lowers the knowledge and resource barriers for experimentation and entrepreneurial entry, b) increases product and concept prototyping in product development, c) provides a potential for business model innovation by expanding the boundaries of the firm upstream and downstream, and d) becomes a ticket for entrepreneurial entry. Based on our results, the paper suggests that the potential of 3D printers alter user innovative activities is high but most of the potential is latent.

Product development is considered an important key factor in the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) as products are becoming more competitive and complex due to market competition. Currently, customer satisfaction mostly depends on product reliability especially when it comes to electronics hardware. From the early stages of electronic hardware development, product development team have to maintain high reliability by reducing mistakes as it is deeply related with the cost of the final product. In this above scenario, LPD can play an important role which deal covers all aspects of a product's development including reliability, from gathering and generating ideas, to assessing success potential, to building concepts, evaluating them, detailing the product, testing, developing, and handing it over for manufacture. From the literature, it shows that the framework for achieving reliability in line with LPD in electronic hardware is very limited. Hence, the author in this research considers that the different aspects of reliability with LPD needs to be identified and framed to have a reliable product, especially for electronics hardware development.

To fulfill the research objectives, the authors conducted a literature review to identify the relevant aspects of lean to achieve reliability in electronic hardware development. Then all the relevant aspects were framed in a framework. Further, a single case study was conducted in Bosch Rexroth, and interviews were taken from the selected case organization to explore and justify the relevant aspects of lean. Different views of the interviewee were presented in data analysis section and at the end, the conclusion is presented to show the relevancy of the selected aspects based on the interviews, theoretical implications, practical implications, and future research.

This project aims at giving a brief overview of the area of research called Authorship Analysis with main focus on Authorship Attribution and the existing methods. The second objective of this project is to test whether one of the main approaches in the field can be still be applied successfully to today's new ways of communicating. The study uses multiple stylometric features to establish the authorship of a text as well as a model based on the TF-IDF model.

This research lays a foundation for automated acquisition of volatile data by presenting a prototype device which carries out the deeds of a forensic investigator, essentially making it a “forensic investigator on a stick”. The Teensy 3.0 device is programmed to interact with an external USB device for storage purposes. All interaction with a live target system must be documented thoroughly according to forensic best practices. Therefore quantitative measurements of system contamination related to the device actions are presented. The device is conclusively able to perform a memory dump and provide a warning of the existence of Truecrypt encrypted containers.

IT-användandet bland Sveriges företag är mycket stort och utvecklingen går snabbt framåt. Samtidigt som teknologin skapar möjligheter så skapar den även hot mot företagen själva. Dessa hotbilder glöms ofta bort och konsekvenserna kan bli att känslig information hamnar i fel händer.

Undersökningen handlar om anställdas kunskap om den egna verskamhetens IT-säkerhetspolicy. I undersökningen granskas och jämförs även IT-säkerhetspolicys från ett mindre företag och en större kommunal organisation. Som metod har enkäter och intervjuer använts. Resultatet visar att kunskapen hos de anställda kring den egna IT-säkerhetspolicyn är varierande och att de båda policyerna ser mycket olika ut. En IT-säkerhetspolicy bör inte anses som en problemlösare i sig, utan användandet kan även ge nackdelar. Den kan ge stöd och tydlighet i arbetet och kan underlätta i beslutsfattande situationer och öka säkerheten i företaget. Det räcker dock inte med att ha en detaljrik och heltäckande IT-säkerhetspolicy, om de anställda inte känner till att den finns eller inte vet vad den innehåller. En IT-säkerhetspolicy bör vara ett levande dokument som tas upp för gemensam diskussion och revideras med jämna mellanrum.

Nyckelord: IT-strategi, IT-säkerhetspolicy, organisation, enkät, intervju.

Interactions have changed in which industries operate in relation to one another, and many industries are now interdependent in digital platform ecosystems (DPE). Today considerable interest in academic literature surrounding ecosystems and the industry actors' part of it that exchanges value through complementary offerings. New emerging services are dependent on complementary services from actors that operate in digital platform ecosystems. This is now happening in the transport industry with the emerging concept of mobility as a service (MaaS). MaaS is seen as a possible solution to the challenges such as sustainability issues imposed on the transport industry. It is meant to use a digital interface and shared data to efficiently source and manage the provision of transport-related services that meet the mobility requirements of society. However, research has shown that weak governance will possibly have a destructive character on emerging ecosystems such as the MaaS - DPE. Therefore, there is a need to develop more profound knowledge about governance to ensure the functionality of the MaaS digital platform ecosystem (MaaS-DPE). In this master thesis, this is done through an exploratory study, identifying the governance mechanisms that could be leveraged to motivate, recruit, and further retain MaaS-DPE participants, thus, ensuring the functioning of a MaaS-DPE. This is in the context of suburban cities on the west coast of Sweden where these actors are operating. We found three general and four specific governance mechanisms that we argue can be leveraged by the DPE leader visualized in a model connected to the roles of the DPE participants.

As a socially disruptive technology, Ambient Intelligence is ultimately directed towards humans and targeted at the mundane life made of an infinite richness of circumstances that cannot fully be considered and easily be anticipated. Most books, however, focus their analysis on, or deal largely with, the advancement of the technology and its potential only. This book offers a fresh, up-to-date, and holistic approach to Ambient Intelligence. As such, it addresses the interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary aspects of the rapidly evolving field of Ambient Intelligence by seamlessly integrating and fusing it with artificial intelligence, cognitive science and psychology, social sciences, and humanities. It is divided into two main parts: Part 1 is about different permutations of enabling technologies as well as core computational capabilities, namely context awareness, implicit and natural interaction, and intelligent behavior. It details the existing and upcoming prerequisite technologies, and elucidates the application and convergence of major current and future computing trends. Part 2 is an accessible review and synthesis of the latest research in the human-directed sciences and computing and how these are intricately interrelated in the realm of Ambient Intelligence. It deals with the state-of-the-art human-inspired applications which show human-like understanding and exhibit intelligent behavior in relation to a variety of aspects of human functioning - states and processes. It describes and elaborates on the rich potential of Ambient Intelligence from a variety of interrelated perspectives and the plethora of challenges and bottlenecks involved in making Ambient Intelligence a reality, and also discusses the established knowledge and recent discoveries in the human-directed sciences and their application and convergence in the ambit of Ambient Intelligence computing. This seminal reference work is the most comprehensive of its kind, and will prove invaluable to students, researchers, and professionals across both computing and the human-directed sciences. © 2015 Atlantis Press and the author(s).

The concern about the rising food waste has drawn the attention of policy makers around the world, from France banning supermarkets throwing away unused food, to a more global perspective, with the UN aiming to reduce food waste by 50% by 2025 (Hinckley, 2018; Valencia, 2016). As the concern about food waste increases - so does the concern about what role e-grocery will play in it. By reason of the decreasing sense of ownership of the product, it is likely that food waste will increase (Illyuk, 2018). It has been demonstrated that persuasive design is an efficient tool to influence users’ habits within e-grocery, but currently it is primarily used to influence purchases and subsequently waste more (Chu et al., 2014). 

We believed that e-grocery showed potential to also be able to counteract the food waste with the help of persuasive design. This research therefore aimed to investigate if persuasive design could be used for more sustainable purposes; meaning to decrease food waste instead of inciting overconsumption. Using current e-grocery triggers from Chu et al. (2014), this research has repurposed them to pursue a more sustainable approach. The triggers (default personalisation, reminder, suggestion & expertise-credibility) performed within a design- oriented research. The aim was to use the prototype in affiliation with criteria, that would prove their effectiveness through critical perspectives of the literature. 

A study was set up with 12 respondents, in which they were asked to navigate the prototype with tasks. After navigating the prototype, they were asked questions based of the criteria. Analysing and evaluating the empiric data with the criteria helped to conclude three triggers that could be useful within e-grocery to reduce food waste. 

This thesis aims to analyze how different temperature deviations affect the components of wind turbines. A study of the temperatures in several different components was carried out to get a clearer picture of how these affects operational reliability. By trying to link, for example, extreme values of temperatures to possible alarms and downtime in the wind power plants, the hope is that this study will be able to contribute to safer and more maintenance-free wind turbines in the future. The 12 wind turbines that have been evaluated in this study are localized in southern Sweden. The time period for the collected data extends over 6 years.

In the thesis, an analysis has been carried out with the help of the computer program Matlab to examine different types of data collected from the components in the wind turbines. The data was plotted with the help of various functions in Matlab and with the help of mathematical equations. The data was then observed ocularly by the authors, which led to the discovery of different connections between temperature variations in the components and different error codes. The generator bearing was the component that was found to have the highest correlation between temperature deviations and specific error codes related to various yaw-errors, which can be explained as error codes that occur when the wind turbine fails to adjust itself to the wind.

An analysis has also been made to determine whether there was a temperature-related upward trend in any of the components in the wind turbines. This was carried out with the help of various standard deviation calculations and calculation of the mean temperature value of different components. The standard deviation in this case describes how much the temperature of each component varies from the mean value. It turned out that there was such an upward trend for the Generator Bearing and Generator Phase 3 components. Some turbines also turned out to have a more distinct upward trend than others

This article explains why firms move downstream to profit from the value they create for customers through improved control. Under certain circumstances, product innovations and services are dynamically interdependent in the sense of improved control creating value for the customer. Since value capture is distinct from value creation, firms may need to change their means of appropriation to profit. Empirically, the article analyses how firms can renew their product offerings by incorporating control technologies into their traditional mechanical engineering products. In contrast to a strand in the recent strategy literature that argues that manufacturing firms should move downstream to deliver complementary services, this article explains these shifts as related to increased control, economies of throughput, value creation, and value capture. The article contributes to the throughput and control technology literature by showing the importance of differentiating value creation from value capture. The increased control by means of digitalization and the discrepancy between value creation and value capture explains why many manufacturing firms will become service firms.

’Deepfake’ is an abbreviation of ’deep learning’ and ’fake’. Deepfakes are synthetical audiovisual media that uses machine learning to create fake videos, images and/or audio clips. This project is focused on deepfakes within forged videos, where one person’s face is swapped with another person’s face. This technique is usually referred to as ’face swapping’. However, deepfakes goes beyond what usual face swaps can achieve.

The focus for this project is to investigate how easy it is to forge your own deepfakes with basic technical knowledge. This is achieved through an experiment that measures result from fourteen interviews. The interviewees watched two different videos, where each person tried to identify the writers’ own deepfaked video clips, that were mixed with legitimate video clips. The experiment shows that it is possible and relatively easy to create convincing deepfakes aimed at social engineering. It is also possible, but harder, to create deepfakes to forge videos within criminal investigations.

This report examines the potential forensic techniques and tools that exists and are developed to identify deepfakes. Furthermore, this report also examines deepfakes made for social engineering. Deepfakes are considered being one of the more significant threats in the future and could be used to effectively spread propaganda and misinformation. The results generated from the experiment in this report, lead to a proposition from the writer that news outlets and social media platforms could aim at an informative approach towards deepfakes. This approach means informing their consumers on what deepfakes are, how they typically look and what consumers can do themselves to identify them.

The aim of digital technology is to increase the efficiency of health- and welfare services. This study's focus is on whether health- and care staff can have any influence on what type of digital technology that is going to be introduced and applied in their workplace. The study uses the theory of health, known as Sense Of Coherence (SOC), developmental learning and experiential learning. In addition, the study uses a qualitative method with semi-structured interviews. The empirical information is then analysed with a qualitative analysis. The result from the analysis is separated into two main categories; the health and care-staff were able to try out and decide regarding digital technology and educations and “superusers”as support to learning. The results showed that several people in the health- and care staff were given the opportunity to influence on what type of technology that is going to be used in the care unit’s and were given the opportunity to participate in the educations.

This scientific report is based on the collaboration between our project group, the consult firm Etteplan AB and a company named Pal-Football AB. The report describes how a product development project can be executed, this with the help of theoretical models and practical approach. In this case, the product renewal project is done towards Pal- Football AB’s current product “Pal Original”. The product is a mobile training gear which is made for those who practise football. It’s main function is to bounce the ball back towards the user whom earlier kicked the ball towards the surface of the product. There are two purposes that can be identified within this product renewal project. The primary one is to deliver an improved version of Pal Original, a version which is considered to be compatible with the demands of today's market. This by improving the current concept of the product, alongside with an updated design. The result of this work will hopefully lead to the possibility of active football players to achieve their full potential, this by using the product.

At Halmstad University College on the west coast of Sweden, we have a unique education in innovation and entrepreneurial engineering. The three year program provides the candidates with a braod technical economical education with special emphasize on handling the innovation process and running new product development projects. This is the summing up og 10 years experience during which 140 innovation engineers have been graduated.

At small Halmstad University we have, for the past 13 years, a unique educational program in innovation engineering. The three-year educational program provides the candidates with a broad technical and economical education with special emphasise on handling the innovation process and running new product development projects. An optional fourth year, entitled innovation management, focuses on leadership, innovation, and the choices of technology in multinational companies. This is the summing up of 13 years of experience, during which 286 innovation engineers received an education (even if 22% left with one or two unwritten exams).

This project is a step towards automatic firefighting. The goal is to decrease the number of personal injuries by replacing the human firefighter with robots or similar technical tools. Especially in very hostile environments due to risk of explosions or building collapse. A robot is easy to replace and can be maneuvered from a safe distance. The idea of the project comes from the company Drones Networking which aims for developing a totally autonomous firefighting system. The result of this project is a prototype of a robot which handles the hose during firefighting.

This thesis concerns the development of a measurement method for determination in the field of the thermal conductivity of the insulation in buried district heating mains.

The thermal conductivity of the insulation is calculated from the measured value of the radial heat flow through the heating main, the measured temperature difference across the insulation, and the dimensions of the heating main. The heat flow has been measured with a heat flux sensor which was fitted to the surface of the casing. The temperature has been measured with copper/constantan thermocouples.

It is a necessary condition for the method used in the project for determination of the thermal conductivity of the heating main insulation that the heating main is uncovered and is not in contact with the surrounding soil over a distance of about 1.5 m and that the measurements are made directly on the heating main. In this way, no account need be taken of the material surrounding the heating main, nor of the effect of this material on the measurements. No interference is needed with the heating main which would affect the distribution of the district heating water, and the heating main can remain in operation during measurements.

Shielding insulation consisting of preformed insulation sections which were placed over the casing of the heating main and covered the heat flux sensor and some of the casing. The function of this insulation was to shield the heat flux sensor from external thermal disturbances. In the field measurements, a copper guard plate of 0.5 mm thickness, the temperature of which could be adjusted, was also placed over the shielding insulation in order to maintain the temperature on the heat flux sensor as constant as possible.

When temperature and heat flow are measured, the instruments used will be affected by conditions which prevail at the time of measurement. It is therefore very important to analyse the sources of error which may arise in the measuring situation at hand.

The effect of these factors on the measured values has been studied by

' laboratory measurements

' theoretical calculations

' field measurements

On the basis of the resulting values of heat flows and temperatures obtained in field measurements on plastic heating mains which were operating under normal conditions, the thermal conductivity of the insulation of the main has been estimated.

The method has been tested on plastic heating mains with directly foamed insulation, since this is the most common type of heating main both in the existing district heating network and in new construction. The measuring method can also be used on other circular heating mains.

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have remained complacent for a period which has caused the strength of security of these networks to decrease. In the context of truck platooning, a topic in high regards to companies which maintain a fleet of trucks or even a single truck for which business is essential, should consider security of the VANET a necessity and trust must be implemented as well. The main contribution of this work is to propose a model of securing VANET communication regarding truck platooning via a hybrid method of Blockchain technologies, smart contracts, and the modeling of trust.

Future cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) applications aimed to improve safety, efficiency and comfort on our roads put high demands on the underlying wireless communication system. To gain better understanding of the limitations of the 5.9 GHz frequency band and the set of communication protocols for medium range vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communication, a set of field trials with CALM M5 enabled prototypes has been conducted. This paper describes five different real vehicle traffic scenarios covering both urban and rural settings at varying vehicle speeds and under varying line-of-sight (LOS) conditions and discusses the connectivity (measured as Packet Reception Ratio) that could be achieved between the two test vehicles. Our measurements indicate a quite problematic LOS sensitivity that strongly influences the performance of V2V-based applications. We further discuss how the awareness of these context-based connectivity problems can be used to improve the design of possible future cooperative ITS safety applications.

Voice-activated personal assistants (VAPA) have recently become more common in daily use for individuals. Because VAPAs are used as search engines, it is important that they can deliver an answer that the user feels is of good quality. Previous studies have conducted quantitative tests to examine the response quality in VAPA where the user experience has not been taken into account. We present a study intended to fill this knowledge gap. Through a literature study, five base themes were developed, relevance, credibility, readability, timeliness and richness of content, which is the basis for the experience of good response quality. Through an interview study with nine respondents, their experience of VAPA's response quality was investigated based on the literature study's themes. The results of the study are: (1) The study showed a complex relationship between these themes, where some themes were dependent on other themes. (2) Richness in content was shown to have the opposite effect in a VAPA compared to traditional search tools, as the richness in VAPA was desired to be short and concise rather than to show a lot of content. (3) The answers in VAPA should be in the correct form of answer for the question asked, thus the answers should be simple, clear and not contain unnecessary information such as advertisements that could disturb the user in the search for the answer. (4) The credibility of the answers depends on the sources' rumors and the user's knowledge of the source, where some users experience blind trust in certain sources.

This article explores the roles of leadership, vision, and empowerment in two Swedish born global companies. Using case studies and interviews with employees and managers, the article examines how managers can lead their companies by creating a vision and empowering their employees. The findings indicate that a company vision should reflect a culture that supports the employees’ daily activities and decisions. A leadership style that features delegation of responsibility and recognition of employee work autonomy empowers employees in a way that can advance the development and internationalization of the born global company, especially in situations when top managers are often away from company headquarters. © 2017 The Author(s)

This bachelor thesis corresponds to 15 hp worth of independent studies conducted as a project during the spring semester of 2013 at Halmstad University. It concludes a three-year mechanical engineering program with focus on technical design. The project was conducted in collaboration with Macro International AB together with Ballingslöv, and with the help of Jörgen Carlsson, who provided supervision on behalf of the company.The purpose of this project was to develop a bathroom cabinet that would fit into Ballingslövs future bathroom line. The final product had to meet the requirements set by the company in regards to lighting, design and storage possibilities. To ensure an outstanding result, a design process had to be determined before the product development could begin. The project then proceeded according to the steps of this process. Boundaries were set, concerning elements that could have been a part of the process but were not included, mainly because of the time limit. The elements which were included in the design process were divided into five stages: initial phase, analysis phase, idea generation, further development and final phase. The obtained result consists of a final proposal for a functional bathroom cabinet and a primary concept for storage in the mentioned cabinet. The generated product was visualized using Catia V5R20 and KeyShot 4. Prints that can be used in case of production are provided as attachments in this paper.

Uppsatsen bygger på en analys av en exit-nod i Tor-nätverket i syfte att efterlikna ett tidigare experiment från 2007. Experimentet går ut på att analysera den information som kommer genom nätverket för att leta efter okrypterade lösenord. Experimentet görs i syfte att påvisa de brister som finns i nätverket och i användarnas säkerhetsmedvetande. Arbetet utgår från frågeställningarna:

• Går det att utvinna känslig information från en exit-nod i Tor-nätverket.

-       Går det att utvinna okrypterade lösenord från en exit-nod i nätverket?

-       Vilka typer av tjänster tillhör lösenorden som uppkommer i analysen av den insamlade data?

För att kunna besvara mina tre frågeställningar har jag valt att göra ett experimentellt arbete för att ta reda på om användarna skickar okrypterade lösenord, och till vilka tjänster lösenorden tillhör. Som referens för min metod användes Dan Egerstads experiment^[9] och ShiningLight in Dark Places: Understanding the Tor^[11]. Genom att kombinera metoderna i dessa två arbeten uppnådes förljande resultat:

24 okrypterade lösenord på 54,5 GB insamlad data. Statistiskt sett skickas det 1 okrypterat lösenord per 2,1 GB data.

Climate change is mankind’s biggest challenge and scientists around the globe agree that civilization is pushing towards a breaking point. Renewable energy are alternatives that are capable to remove the need for fossil fuel. Wind power will play a vital role and has the possibility to confront the challenges that face the globe.

In order for wind power to reach its full potential constructors need to take into account the distance between each wind power turbine, as it can cause energy loss and generate less electricity into the system. These energy losses decrease the potential of wind power and thus also for renewable as a whole.

Energy losses that emerge within the space between wind power plants are named wake losses. Once the wind has passed the plant, a distance equal to seven rotor diameters is needed for the wind to regain its full force. By positioning the plants within the announced distance, the production of each plant decreases since downstream turbines are not able to generate a full effect.      

This Bachelor thesis in Energy Engineering aims to analyse these wake losses for the wind power plant Skäppentorp, which is situated in Mönsterås County. The nearby wind power plant Brotorp is affecting Skäppentorps production and the authors of this degree project chose to present the wake losses as a percentage. A third wind power plant named Idhult functioned as a reference. Idhult is of course not affected before the positioning of Brotorp but neither after it, therefore the plant was used to ensure that weak winds were not ascribed to Brotorp but are a result of a weak wind year. The Bachelor thesis covered thus three wind power plants, Skäppentorp which interacts and is affected by Brotorp and Idhult which served as reference. The wake losses were calculated in Microsoft Excel and set against the software windPRO to validate the programmed produced losses for the same plant.

Skäppentorp’s surrounding were divided into 12 sectors, where each sector covers an angle of 30 degrees. By doing so a full circle, 360 degrees, surrounding the plant was established. The wind speed and the production before respectively after Brotorp deployment was produced by using a nearby measuring post. Via an average production value for each sector, before and after Brotorp, a percentage wake loss was calculated. This was set against Idhult to sort away better respectively worse wind years. The period before covered the year 2012 until 2015 and the period after covered 2016 until 2018. 

The result from Microsoft Excel indicates that sector four and sector nine were subjected to the highest percentage of losses. The results from the software windPRO however indicated the highest loss in sector four. Three sectors obtained the same percentage loss as windPRO while remaining values came out dissimilar. The distinction between some of the sectors may be caused by the positioning of some of the Brotorp turbines, where some are located on the borderline between sectors. This implies that some turbines affect two sectors when calculated with Microsoft Excel, which it does not when simulated with windPRO.

The sum of all sections indicated that Brotorp turbines caused a wake loss of 3,8 %. This was compared to the simulation in windPRO which resulted in 5,7 %.  

Technology Readiness Levels (TRL) has become a standard approach to assessment of technologicaldevelopment projects. The origin of TRL is the US moon rocket programs. However, to develop and put intopractice advanced technology projects, also other aspects are important to evaluate in a systematic way.This paper provides a tentative analytical model of four main perspectives to analyze readiness levels oftechnology projects; Technology Readiness Level (TRL), Political Readiness Level (PRL), Social andSocietal Readiness Level (SRL), and Commercial Readiness Level (CRL).To be successful we need to explore and understand the process, interconnectivities between and the impactbased on all those four aspects in an integrated way. 

The Air Force's fighter squadrons are characterized by high precision and quick decisions in all stages of daily operations. In the planning of flight sorties, a weather plan needs to be made where the weather forecasts for the landing air base and diversion air bases are examined to determine whether the weather limits are within the set limit values ​​according to the regulations. JAS 39 Gripen has several different landing aid systems that guide the pilot down through bad weather for landing. The different systems have different limit values ​​as a minimum. Varying availability and limitations have been tried to be solved with an increasingly complex set of rules so as not to lose operational effect. The consequences are that weather planning has become so complicated that it has created a bottleneck that steals valuable time from mission planning with regulations that have become difficult to comply with and threaten flight safety when limit values ​​are missed.

Today, users often need to review difficult-to-interpret weather forecasts in TAF format and get through a complicated set of rules with only a written guide for cloud and visibility calculations and an excel program for wind calculation to assist.

The project has through Dynamic product development and Agile project management together with user studies developed a prototype of a complete software called AutoTAF which automatically decodes TAF forecasts, calculates cloud, visibility and wind limits with applied regulations and presents the weather limits at air bases in a timely and color-coded manner. With the help of the focus group, the project has been able to ensure that the function and interface met the users' requirements. The test result shows higher accuracy in weather decisions and two to four times faster decision time compared to current methods.

This paper presents the architecture of a middleware that provides an intelligent interoperability support to allow the integration and cooperation among Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) nodes and small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) implementing a surveillance system. The motivation for this study is that the cooperation among distinct types of sensor nodes to achieve common goals can notably enhance the results obtained in surveillance operations. A discussion around the requirements of such systems is also presented, supporting the design decisions and the choice of the techniques employed to develop the middleware. Finally, preliminary results are presented.

Today it is possible to connect equipment to the network at home and have a Smart Home. A household has two electricity agreements, electricity networks and electricity trading. Electricity network is tied to the area you live and cannot be changed, but electricity trading is a different matter. In electricity trading, what you want is the lowest price and that is where the hourly rate matters. Electricity costs can be high and to reduce costs and use green energy, this degree project has developed a system that will inform a user about the spot price and weather.

The project has used Android Studio (front-end), Firebase Realtime database and a Java program (back-end). With the Green Weather API and the Google Maps Geocoding API has information about the user, electricity prices and weather been collected in the database. The results in this project was an app that showed electricity prices of the day, weather and other factors that helps a household with self-produced energy to follow. However, electricity prices could not be compared with weather. Further development would be to have the back-end running on a Raspberry Pi where appliances could be controlled in the future.

The number of WiFi Devices is increasing every day, most people traveling hasa device with a WiFi network card enabled. This is something EffectSoft AB in Halmstad utilizes in their service Flow, to track and count devices. The accuracy of counted devices was however not accurate enough for a commercial use and this is where this candidate Thesis will continue research on how to improve the accuracy. It introduces the fundamental problem on how one cannot directly count transmitted MAC-Addresses to count present devices, since the manufacturers implement features against this such as MAC-Address randomization. It covers how manufacturers are not consistent in their implementation of the IEEE 802.11 standard, how this can be utilized to estimate how many devices are present in the networkwith three different approaches. It also concludes that Control Frame Attacks is not a viable approach any longer to count devices and the best method for counting devices are a combination of Passive Probe Request Analysis techniques.