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  • 1.
    Almgren, Anna
    Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET).
    Material- och tillverkningsteknikval för en stol åt Källemo2014Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Detta projekt har pågått under sista terminen på maskiningenjörsprogrammet vid högskolan i Halmstad. Projektet har utförts av en student och tillsammans med företaget Källemo. Syftet med projektet har varit att studenten ska hitta och utvärdera ett lämpligt material åt en ny stol. Materialvalet skulle också kompletteras med en lämplig tillverkningsmetod. Stolen är designad av Pierre Sindre, SandellSandberg, och kommer att produceras och säljas av Källemo. Pierre Sindres ritningar och renderingar var underlaget som var utgångspunkt för projektet. Arbetet har inneburit att olika material har utvärderats och framförallt formpressad filt. Lämpligheten har testat genom liknande referensmöbler och fysiska tester. Bland annat har provbitar testat med enkla handtester. En dialog har också förts med leverantörer av material som haft mycket erfarenhet och kunnat bidra med tips och idéer.  Då projektet inte har varit ett typiskt konstruktionsprojekt har metoden utvecklats efterhand som olika resultat uppkommit. Detta har varit ett arbetssätt som har varit väldigt lärorikt för studenten och också väldigt tidseffektivt då ingen onödig tid har lagt på irrelevanta processer. Varje steg i arbetets gång har diskuterats med både uppdragsgivaren på företaget och två handledare som högskolan tillhandahållit. Veckomöten varje vecka har också bidragit till ett mycket tidseffektivt arbete där snedsteg tidigt kunnat upptäckas av de med mer erfarenhet. Dessa möten har varit avgörande för det goda resultatet som erhållits. Resultatet består av fem lösningsförslag som tagits fram och vid diskussion med företaget och leverantörer utmynnat i ett slutligt resultat som nu är färdigt för produktion. När projektet avslutades var den första delen i produktion och således målet med projektet uppfyllt.

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    Examensarbete, Anna Almgren
  • 2.
    Anderberg, Cecilia
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science, Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design (MTEK), Functional Surfaces.
    Pawlus, P.
    Rzeszow University of Technology, Poland.
    Rosén, Bengt-Göran
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science, Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design (MTEK), Functional Surfaces.
    Thomas, T. R.
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science, Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design (MTEK).
    Alternative descriptions of roughness for cylinder liner production2009In: Journal of Materials Processing Technology, ISSN 0924-0136, E-ISSN 1873-4774, Vol. 209, no 4, p. 1936-1942Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The roughness of stratified surfaces such as cylinder liners, produced by plateau honing, is functionally important in their tribology but is notoriously difficult to characterise. An issue in manufacturing quality control related to their tribological function is the comparative ability of various roughness characterisation systems. In this paper the Rk family of parameters is compared with the Rq family as regards stability and discrimination. When coefficients of variation of the two parameter families are compared as a measure of stability, CVs of individual parameters vary between 8% and 20% but do not seem to indicate a clear advantage to either family. When the correlation of parameters within and between the two groups is computed as a measure of relative discriminative ability, many parameters are found to be highly correlated, to the point where values of Rpk and Rpq are effectively indistinguishable. The relative robustness of the parameters is also established by simulation of surface or measurement artefacts: outlying peaks and valleys, high-frequency noise, changes in stylus or skid radius, changes in high-pass filter and in assessment length. Outlying peaks cause a large increase in Rpk, while outlying valleys have little effect. The Rq parameters are more sensitive to high-frequency noise than the Rk parameters. Increasing the stylus radius reduced the valley parameters, while adding a 25 mm radius skid increased Rk and Rpq by as much as 15%. Increasing the short-wavelength cut-off from 2.5 m to 8 m reduced most parameters, particularly the peak parameters, while replacing the robust Gaussian filter used throughout by a valley-suppression filter had little effect. Finally reducing the assessment length from 17 mm to 4 mm decreased the values of many parameters by up to 11%. Increasing plateau honing time decreased plateau roughness, while increasing pressure during coarse honing increased valley roughness, but these changes could not be correlated with roughness parameters. This suggests that the optimum parameter set has not yet been found. 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  • 3.
    Berglund, J.
    et al.
    Research Technology Center Die & Mould, Sandvik Tooling Sverige AB, Olofström, Sweden.
    Rosén, Bengt Göran
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science, Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design (MTEK), Functional Surfaces.
    A method development for correlation of surface finish appearance of die surfaces and roughness measurement data2009In: Tribology letters, ISSN 1023-8883, E-ISSN 1573-2711, Vol. 36, no 2, p. 157-164Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In die and mould manufacturing, the method used for quality control of finished surfaces is usually visual and tactile inspection of the finish, which is not easily quantifiable. In the present study, an evaluation of the connection between surface finish appearance and measured surface roughness was carried out using scale-sensitive fractal analysis to find functional correlations and to determine suitable cut-off limits for functional data filtration. A selection of ball-nose end-mills in combination with two different tool steels (hardness 39 and 47 HRC) were used to manufacture surfaces that were inspected and measured. It was found that the method developed in the present study for evaluating functional correlations and designing filters worked well. It was also found that there is a correlation between the surface roughness parameter Sq and the surface finish appearance and that this correlation is stronger in certain wavelengths on the surface.

  • 4.
    Berglund, Johan
    et al.
    Institutionen för material- och tillverkningsteknik, Tillverkningsteknik, Chalmers tekniska högskola .
    Rosén, Bengt-Göran
    Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design (MTEK), Functional Surfaces.
    Surface Finish and Roughness Measurement in Die and Mould Manufacturing2008In: Proceedings of the 2'nd Swedish Production Symposium, 2008, p. 385-391Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In die and mould manufacturing, the method used for quality control of finished surfaces is usually visual and tactile inspection of the finish, which is not easily quantifiable. In this study, an evaluation of the connection between surface finish appearance and measured surface roughness was carried out using scale-sensitive fractal analysis to find functional correlations and to determine suitable cut-off limits for functional data filtration. A selection of ball nose end mills in combination with two different tool steels (hardness 39 and 47 HRC) were used to manufacture surfaces that were measured. It was found that the method employed in this study for evaluating functional correlations and designing filters worked well. It was also found that there is a correlation between the surface roughness parameter Sq and the surface finish appearance and that this correlation is stronger in certain wavelengths on the surface.

  • 5.
    Berglund, Johan
    et al.
    Advanced Engineering, Sandvik Tooling, Olofström, Sweden.
    Wiklund, Daniel
    Forming Processes, Swerea IVF, Mölndal, Sweden.
    Rosén, Bengt-Göran
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science, Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design (MTEK), Functional Surfaces.
    A Method for Visualization of Surface Texture Anisotropy in Different Scales of Observation2011In: Scanning, ISSN 0161-0457, E-ISSN 1932-8745, Vol. 33, no 5, p. 325-331Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Anisotropy of functional surfaces can in many practical cases significantly influence the surface function. Tribological contacts in sheet forming and engine applications are good examples. This article introduces and exemplifies a method for visualization of anisotropy. In a single graph, surface texture properties related to the anisotropy as a function of scale are plotted. The anisotropy graph can be used to explain anisotropy properties of a studied surface such as texture direction and texture strength at different scales of observation. Examples of milled steel surfaces and a textured steel sheet surface are presented to support the proposed methodology. Different aspects of the studied surfaces could clearly be seen at different scales. Future steps to improve filtering techniques and an introduction of length-scale analysis are discussed.

  • 6.
    Bournias-Varotsis, Alkaios
    et al.
    Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom.
    Friel, R. J.
    MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Harris, Russell A.
    Mechanical Engineering, The University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.
    Engstrøm, Daniel S.
    Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom.
    Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing as a form-then-bond process for embedding electronic circuitry into a metal matrix2018In: Journal of Manufacturing Processes, ISSN 1526-6125, Vol. 32, p. 664-675Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing (UAM) is a hybrid manufacturing process that involves the layer-by-layer ultrasonic welding of metal foils in the solid state with periodic CNC machining to achieve the desired 3D shape. UAM enables the fabrication of metal smart structures, because it allows the embedding of various components into the metal matrix, due to the high degree of plastic metal flow and the relatively low temperatures encountered during the layer bonding process. To further the embedding capabilities of UAM, in this paper we examine the ultrasonic welding of aluminium foils with features machined prior to bonding. These pre-machined features can be stacked layer-by-layer to create pockets for the accommodation of fragile components, such as electronic circuitry, prior to encapsulation. This manufacturing approach transforms UAM into a “form-then-bond” process. By studying the deformation of aluminium foils during UAM, a statistical model was developed that allowed the prediction of the final location, dimensions and tolerances of pre-machined features for a set of UAM process parameters. The predictive power of the model was demonstrated by designing a cavity to accommodate an electronic component (i.e. a surface mount resistor) prior to its encapsulation within the metal matrix. We also further emphasised the importance of the tensioning force in the UAM process. The current work paves the way for the creation of a novel system for the fabrication of three-dimensional electronic circuits embedded into an additively manufactured complex metal composite. © 2018 The Society of Manufacturing Engineers

  • 7.
    Bäck, Rickard
    Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET).
    Koncept för hållare till baklyktor2011Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 5 credits / 7,5 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    I denna rapport presenteras olika koncept på hur utformningen av hållare till baklyktor kan se ut. Arbetet är ett samarbete mellan författaren och Specialkarosser AB.

    En mängd olika lösningar har utarbetats där det till slut uppenbarats fyra olika koncept på lösningar. Dessa olika lösningar har vägts mot varandra utifrån den metod som använts. Resultatet av dessa bedömningar blev ett koncept där tanken bakom lösningen är att utforma en kapsel som efterliknar det formspråk som finns på framlyktorna på lastbilar, samt att den ska kunna kombineras med flera likadana kapslar för att få fler lyktor.

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    fulltext
  • 8.
    Cabanettes, Frederic
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science, The Rydberg Laboratory for Applied Sciences (RLAS). Halmstad Univ, Sch Business & Engn, SE-30118 Halmstad, Sweden..
    Rosén, Bengt Göran
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science, The Rydberg Laboratory for Applied Sciences (RLAS).
    Topography changes observation during running-in of rolling contacts2014In: Wear, ISSN 0043-1648, E-ISSN 1873-2577, Vol. 315, no 1-2, p. 78-86Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The automotive industry and the design of engines are strongly ruled by performance and legislation demands. In the valve train, besides the main function (transformation of rotation to translation movements) to fulfill, new requirements in environmental demands and performance in terms of wear are leading to more and more detailed studies of the cams and rollers. Wear reduction studies for prolonging lifetime of these components require decreasing the scale of observation down to roughness. Among the different wear stages of a component, the running-in is a crucial period which will greatly influence the lifetime and performance of components. The aim of this paper is to analyze the topography variations observed during the running-in of a camshaft on a valve train rig test. A truck engine's camshaft is run under realistic conditions and 3D surfaces are measured before and after the test by using relocation techniques. By measuring the very same surfaces before and after the experiment, a deep analysis of the running-in effects on surfaces can be performed. 3D surface roughness parameters are used in parallel with new proposed methods of analysis. As a result, the mechanisms involved during running-in are emphasized and can be used for further simulations and optimization of the cam roller contact. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  • 9.
    Cabanettes, Frédéric
    Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design (MTEK), Functional Surfaces.
    Cam Roller Contact: The topographical aspect2008Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The automotive industry and the design of engines are strongly ruled by performance and legislation demands. First order aspects defining the main functions of a component are well known and new challenges appear at a lower scale. Wear reduction is defined as a second order problem and requires decreasing the scale of observation of components down to roughness. This thesis work and its aim lie within the scope of wear improvements and are focused on the injection cam/roller contact of heavy duty diesel engines. In order to reach the aim several material and methods are used: a valve train rig test, roughness characterisation and different manufacturing processes. It is shown by experiments that the flank and nose of injection cams are specific areas with specific roughness (higher density of summits Sds) compared to the rest of the cam. The wear is characterized by rounded-off of summits (Ssc). From those results and since wear processes are strongly linked to the pressure generated between the mating surfaces, the development of a rough contact model is of great interest. An elastic rough contact model is implemented and improved later on by an elasto-plastic description of materials. The simulations are validated by a wear test and are used to rank the ability of surfaces (both cam and roller) to face wear problems. The ratio of plastically deformed peaks shows that the flank and nose of the cam are reacting badly to pressures. Additionally the rough contact allows ranking/optimization of different machining processes with respect to their expected functional contact performance. Future work will be to use such a model to choose a good combination of surfaces (cam and roller) in order to reduce wear.

  • 10.
    Cabanettes, Frédéric
    Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design (MTEK), Functional Surfaces.
    Evaluation of cam and roller surfaces and their manufacturing process by functional characterization2008In: Proceedings of the Swedish Production Symposium 2008, Stockholm: Swedish production symposium , 2008, , p. 7Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 11.
    Cabanettes, Frédéric
    Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design (MTEK), Functional Surfaces.
    Tribological aspect of the surface topography variations for injection cams2008In: Proceedings of the NORDTRIB 2008 / [ed] Jaakko Kleemola and Arto Lehtovaara, Tampere: Tampere University Press, 2008, , p. 16Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 12.
    Cabanettes, Frédéric
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design (MTEK), Functional Surfaces.
    Claret-Tournier, Julien
    Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design (MTEK).
    Mohlin, Johan
    Finnveden Powertrain.
    Nilsson, P.-H.
    Volvo Technology Corporation.
    Rosén, Bengt-Göran
    Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design (MTEK), Functional Surfaces.
    Xiao, L.
    Volvo Powertrain Corporation.
    The evolution of surface topography of injection cams2009In: Wear, ISSN 0043-1648, E-ISSN 1873-2577, Vol. 266, no 5-6, p. 570-573Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 13.
    Cabanettes, Frédéric
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design (MTEK), Functional Surfaces.
    Mohlin, Johan
    Finnveden Powertrain, Lidköping, Sweden.
    Nilsson, Per Henrik
    Volvo Technology Corporation, Göteborg, Sweden.
    Rosén, Bengt-Göran
    Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design (MTEK), Functional Surfaces.
    Evaluation of cam surfaces by wear testing and functional characterization2008In: Synopses / 35th Leeds-Lyon Symposium on Tribology, Leeds: Leeds University , 2008Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Friction and wear are constant problems encountered in camshaft development. The contact between roller and cam is a mix of sliding and rolling which leads to a wide range of failure modes. The uniqueness of this contact is also due to variations all around the cam of a multitude of parameters such as load and radius. A previous study described surface topography as a function of cam shape. The different types of wear mechanisms are strongly linked to contact pressures which are also dependent on roughness. The aim of the paper is to develop a rough contact model which will be utilized as a tool to rank surfaces and their ability to face wear problems. In order to verify the tool, rough contact results are compared to roughness parameter variations due to wear produced in a cam roller rig test. The surface measurements used for this study are made by a non-contact light interferometer. The Greenwood-Williamson contact model has been developed in a deterministic way and the elasto-plastic behaviour of the material has been integrated to the model. The outputs of the simulation give a ranking of surfaces which is compared to their roughness variations due to wear. The study shows that the model developed is a reliable tool to rank and define surface quality since the results are correlated to wear. However, the results show as well some discrepancies which could be corrected in the future by integrating to the model two new features: a rough to rough contact including sliding between surfaces. This new model should be verified by an accurate experimentation using relocation between unworn and worn surfaces.

  • 14.
    Cabanettes, Frédéric
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design (MTEK), Functional Surfaces.
    Mohlin, Johan
    Finnveden Powertrain, Lidköping, Sweden.
    Rosén, Bengt-Göran
    Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design (MTEK), Functional Surfaces.
    Experimental study of cam/roller wear using advanced characterization tools for relocated surfaces2009In: Proceedings of the 3rd Swedish production symposium / [ed] Bengt-Göran Rosén, Swedish Production Academy , 2009, p. 197-203Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 15.
    Chandran, Sarath
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science, Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design (MTEK).
    Abraham Mathews, Jithin
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science, Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design (MTEK).
    Simulation and Optimization of CNC controlled grinding processes: Analysis and simulation of automated robot finshing process2016Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 40 credits / 60 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Products with complicated shapes require superior surface finish to perform the intended function. Despite significant developments in technology, finishing operations are still performed semi automatically/manually, relying on the skills of the machinist. The pressure to produce products at the best quality in the shortest lead time has made it highly inconvenient to depend on traditional methods. Thus, there is a rising need for automation which has become a resource to remain competitive in the manufacturing industry.

    Diminishing return of trading quality over time in finishing operations signifies the importance of having a pre-determined trajectory (tool path) that produces an optimum surface in the least possible machining time. Tool path optimization for finishing process considering tool kinematics is of relatively low importance in the present scenario. The available automation in grinding processes encompass around the dynamics of machining.

    In this paper we provide an overview of optimizing the tool path using evolutionary algorithms, considering the significance of process dynamics and kinematics. Process efficiency of the generated tool movements are studied based on the evaluation of relative importance of the finishing parameters. Surface quality is analysed using MATLAB and optimization is performed on account of peak to valley height.

    Surface removal characteristics are analysed based on process variables that have the most likely impact on surface finish. The research results indicated that tool path is the most significant parameter determining the surface quality of a finishing operation. The inter-dependency of parameters were also studied using Taguchi design of experiments. Possible combinations of various tool paths and tool influencing parameters are presented to realize a surface that exhibits lowest errors.

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    Main
  • 16.
    Dimkovski, Zlate
    Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design (MTEK), Functional Surfaces.
    On Surface Topography of Cylinder Liners2008Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The frictional losses, oil consumption and emissions in internal combustion engines are in great extent controlled by the cylinder liner surface topography. This emphasises the importance of: investigating the liner’s topography by objectively characterising it, investigating its effects on the tribological function to gain a better understanding and improving its manufacturing. As a first attempt in this study to objectively characterise the liner surface, a traditional combination of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images and roughness profiles was used. The groove and image parameters characteristic for liner topographies were extracted by applying specially developed algorithms and together with the standard parameters served to study wear on liners of diesel and petrol engines. An experiment was designed to improve the liners’ manufacturing by varying of the honing process parameters and oil flow simulations were run to study the influence of the characteristics of the manufactured surfaces on their function. The results suggested that reducing the base honing pressure and increasing the plateau honing time gave the best surface with smoother plateaux, summits of higher density and milder slopes, more but smaller islands and shallower valleys. The potentials of fast acquiring and containing 3D data of the interference measurements were utilised to overcome the encountered problems in the usage of the combination of profile and SEM measurements and to enable automatic quality control of the cylinder liner surfaces. In the efforts to examine the influence of the surface properties on liner’s function, the extent of blechmantel (cold work material) removal was estimated from 3D measurements of run liners in engine tests. For characterising this feature, algorithms were developed and implemented and it was found that the most of the blechmantel is still left on the liner pointing that it plays a minor role on wear.

  • 17.
    Dimkovski, Zlate
    Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design (MTEK), Functional Surfaces.
    Surfaces of Honed Cylinder Liners2011Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Cylinder liner surfaces are often on the agenda of engine developers because of their large influence on the frictional losses, oil consumption and emissions of internal combustion engines. Improving the liner function involves not only manufacturing new surfaces and checking their function but also characterising them as a necessary intermediate step for better understanding of the changes made. In the manufacturing of the liners, honing is a well adapted and widely used finishing process and along with the characterisation and function has been the subject of studies in this thesis. Regarding the liner’s function, three phenomena were monitored: wear, friction and oil passage rate (correlated with engine’s oil consumption). The first one was studied experimentally while the other two were simulated. Only the interactions with the twin land oil control ring were simulated as it has the greatest influence on the control of friction and oil consumption of all other rings. In the mid-stroke region of truck engine liners, the presence of axial wear scratches was observed and their relation with the removal of the cold worked material (“Blechmantel”) folded inside the deep honing grooves was investigated. Algorithms were developed for estimating the extent of Blechmantel, revealing that most of it remained on the surface whereas the engines still performed well. Other algorithms for characterising honing angle, balance of honing texture, width, height, distance between honing grooves/axial wear scratches, etc were developed for quicker and more objective inspection of unworn and worn surfaces from 3D interference measurements. Based on such 3D measurements, the algorithms were incorporated in a characterisation tool enabling rating of the surfaces and determining the number of measurements necessary to achieve stable roughness parameter values. In addition, it was found that interference measurements are more suitable for quantification of the deposits on the worn truck liner surfaces compared with scanning electron microscope measurements. The lubrication and friction of flat oil control ring lands and differently slide honed surfaces of truck liners were simulated. Friction mean effective pressure and oil passage rate were calculated for each surface showing in each case a reduction for the surfaces with smoother plateaus and smaller valleys. Such a liner surface was finished by using a low base honing pressure and a longer plateau honing time. In a car engine, the influence of different liner surfaces, ring land widths and tensions was examined by running simulations. The results suggest that a considerably improved function can be achieved if the ring land width and tension are reduced whereby the differences between the liner surfaces would reduce.

  • 18.
    Dimkovski, Zlate
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design (MTEK), Functional Surfaces.
    Anderberg, Cecilia
    Volvo Power Train Corp., Volvo Group, Göteborg, Sweden.
    Cabanettes, Frédéric
    Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design (MTEK), Functional Surfaces.
    Löfgren, Hans
    Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design (MTEK), Functional Surfaces.
    Rosén, B.-G.
    Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design (MTEK), Functional Surfaces.
    Influence of Different Cylinder Liner Surfaces on Their Performance with the Twin Land Oil Control Ring in a Car Engine2011In: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Metrology and Properties of Engineering Surfaces, 2011Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 19.
    Dimkovski, Zlate
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science, Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design (MTEK), Functional Surfaces.
    Anderberg, Cecilia
    Volvo Car Corporation, Göteborg, Sweden.
    Ohlsson, Robert
    Volvo Power Train Corp., Volvo Group, Göteborg, Sweden.
    Rosén, Bengt-Göran
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science, Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design (MTEK), Functional Surfaces.
    Complementing 3D Roughness Parameters for Monitoring of Improved Honing of Cylinder Bores2008In: Proceedings of the Swedish Production Symposium (SPS) - 2008, 2008Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    It is of common interest to reduce the oil consumption and frictional losses in the internal combustion engines which are in a great deal influenced by the quality of the cylinder liner surface. Its criss-cross patterned topography consists of a communicating system of grooves of different density, width, and depth, somewhere covered by folded metal, and somewhere totally interrupted and unbalanced as a result of the honing process imperfections. These features are crucial for a good liner’s function and are inspected from scanning electron microscope images by experts, which is subjective and time consuming process. Today, a fast automatic quality control is possible by using optical instruments to measure the liner’s topography, and a computer to calculate and check if the standard roughness and groove parameters are in tolerance. Therefore, combining the profile and image analysis, algorithms were developed to compute liner’s groove parameters from 3D interference measurements taken from three different types of cylinder bore surfaces of passenger cars. One of the surface types was a result of a test of an improved honing and the other two being currently in use. Then, the standard and new parameters (groove interruption, number of grooves, holes, etc) were incorporated in a characterisation tool to objectively and quickly evaluate the improvement of the liner’s quality for an updated monitoring in production.

  • 20.
    Dimkovski, Zlate
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design (MTEK), Functional Surfaces.
    Anderberg, Cecilia
    Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design (MTEK), Functional Surfaces.
    Rosén, Bengt-Göran
    Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design (MTEK), Functional Surfaces.
    Ohlsson, Robert
    Volvo Power Train Corp., Volvo Group, Göteborg, Sweden.
    Thomas, Tom R.
    Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design (MTEK), Functional Surfaces.
    Quantification of Blechmantel Effect on Wear of Cylinder Bore Microtopography2008In: Proceedings of the 13th Nordic Symposium on Tribology, Nordtrib 2008, Tampere: Tampere University Press, 2008, p. 13-Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The presence of cold work material (blechmantel) smeared out on cylinder liners by faulty honing is undesirable as it seals the oil-bearing honing grooves. It is also believed to correlate with increased bore wear, presumably due to its loosening and together with the carbon build-up from the piston’s top land form an increased quantity of abrasive particles. An attempt has been made to estimate the extent of removal of blechmantel for different wear regimes present at the middle and top region (near the top dead centre) of the liner surface using the unworn bottom region as a reference for comparison. A number of truck cylinder liners were axially sectioned after varying periods of engine running under similar conditions of load, engine speed and lubrication. 3D surface measurements were taken at the three regions and a range of standard parameters was extracted. Combining the profile and image analysis, an algorithm was developed to identify and quantify the blechmantel covering the grooves that is most likely to break and act as abrasive wear particles and at the same time it represents the part of blechmantel which covers the most of the surface. It was found out that a mere portion of the blechmantel from the middle and bottom section was removed, while the blechmantel from the top section was greatly removed and thereby it represents one of the possible causes for wear. Axial wear scratches more emphasized on the thrust side of the liner were observed not only through the whole stroke area, but also in the bottom region. The fact that the most of the blechmantel is not removed from the running surface of the liner (except for the very small portion of the polished areas at the dead centres), points out that the blechmantel plays only a minor role on wear of the cylinder liner surfaces.

  • 21.
    Dimkovski, Zlate
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design (MTEK), Functional Surfaces.
    Cabanettes, Frédéric
    Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design (MTEK), Functional Surfaces.
    Löfgren, Hans
    Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design (MTEK), Functional Surfaces.
    Anderberg, Cecilia
    Volvo Cars.
    Ohlsson, Robert
    Volvo Powertrain.
    Rosén, Bengt-Göran
    Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design (MTEK), Functional Surfaces.
    Optimisation of Cylinder Liner Surface Finish by Slide Honing2012In: Proceedings of the Institution of mechanical engineers. Part B, journal of engineering manufacture, ISSN 0954-4054, E-ISSN 2041-2975, Vol. 226, no 4, p. 575-584Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Cylinder liner surface finish controls the frictional losses, oil consumption, and emissions of internal combustion engines to a large extent. In order to minimize such losses, it is important to optimize the liner surface topography by a consistent and more productive finishing process such as slide honing. This process employs diamond abrasives and has been recently introduced in the automotive industry. In this study, its potentials are explored, especially the winning combination of its key process parameters: the base honing pressure and plateau honing time that would yield an optimal liner surface finish. A number of truck engine liners were slide-honed by using different process parameters, samples of the liners were cut, and three-dimensional (3D) surface measurements were taken on a white light interferometer. Then, among others, the (deep honing) groove parameters, specific for liner surfaces, were computed from the measurements for building a large database for comparison and correlation. By simulating the contact and fluid mechanics between the measured liner topographies and a twin land oil control ring under mixed lubrication conditions, the friction mean effective pressure and oil passage rate for a range of engine speeds were calculated. These two parameters represent the liner's function associated with the engine's friction and oil consumption respectively. The results show that the lowest friction and oil flow are highly correlated with surfaces having smoother plateaus and smaller valleys, finished by using lower base honing pressure and longer plateau honing time. High correlations between the 3D roughness parameters were also found, enabling the selection and use of more stable and robust parameters in the quality control of the liner's surface finish. © IMechE 2012.

  • 22.
    Dizdar, Senad
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Innovation and Sustainability.
    Vedantha Krishna, Amogh
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Innovation and Sustainability.
    Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Polylactic Acid /Tin Bronze Tensile Strength Bars Additive Manufactured by Fused Deposition Modelling2022In: Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering / [ed] Amos H.C. Ng, Anna Syberfeldt, Dan Högberg, Magnus Holm, Amsterdam: IOS Press, 2022, Vol. 21, p. 566-579Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Tensile stress bar samples have been additive manufactured by fused deposition modelling (FDM) route by using polylactic acid (PLA)/tin bronze filament, thermal de-binding and air sintering. The samples reach sintered density of 7.42 g/cm3 or 85% of the relative density of the continuously casted CuSn10 reference. Tensile stress testing of the samples shows rather moderate mechanical properties, about half yield strength and one third maximal strength, elongation and hardness of the reference. Increase in the sample core density and elimination of large, agglomerated pores may result in largest improvement of the mechanical properties.

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  • 23. Flys, Olena
    et al.
    Berglund, J.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Borås, Sweden | Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Rosén, Bengt Göran
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Innovation and Sustainability, The Rydberg Laboratory for Applied Sciences (RLAS).
    Using confocal fusion for measurement of metal AM surface texture2020In: Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties, ISSN 2051-672X, Vol. 8, no 2, article id 024003Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The highly complex nature of as printed metal AM surfaces pose other challenges for making measurements compared to surfaces made with many conventional processing methods. The high complexity is caused by high aspect ratios, a mix of high and low reflexivity, steep angles etc. It is not clear which method is the most suitable for measuring these surfaces. The objective of this study was to compare four different measurement modes available in one instrument to evaluate the advantages and drawbacks of the respective techniques regarding measurements of metal AM surfaces. The evaluated measurement modes are Confocal Microscopy, Coherence Scanning Interferometry, Focus Variation and Confocal Fusion. The effect of advantages and drawbacks of studied techniques was tested on typical surfaces produced by L-PBF process. Surfaces printed at 0° and 90° inclinations were compared regarding the measurement results achieved from the different methods. The Power Spectral Density analysis and visual comparison were used for the examination of studied measurements methods. Besides the comparison of areal measurements acquired by different modes available in the instrument also extracted profile measurements were compared with profile images acquired using an Optical Microscope. This study reveals that confocal fusion is a promising technique for AM surface characterisation, due to the highest amount of valid data points in the typical measurement. The new approach developed in the study showed that PSD analysis can be used for evaluation of fill in algorithms incorporated in different software. Results of the profile comparisons help to illustrate features that can be depicted by surface measurements, applying different measurement principles, as well as enables comparison of raw profile data between different types of measurements. Further investigation of measurements on AM surfaces in the frequency domain will bring more understanding about the limitations of measurement techniques. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.

  • 24.
    Flys, Olena
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science, The Rydberg Laboratory for Applied Sciences (RLAS). RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Borås, Sweden.
    Jarlemark, Per
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Borås, Sweden.
    Petronis, Sarunas
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Borås, Sweden.
    Patrik, Stenlund
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Borås, Sweden.
    Rosén, Bengt Göran
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science, The Rydberg Laboratory for Applied Sciences (RLAS).
    Applicability of characterization techniques on fine scale surfaces2018In: Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties, ISSN 2051-672X, Vol. 6, no 3, article id 034015Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this study, several surface topographies typical for dental implants were evaluated by different measurement techniques. The samples were prepared by machine turning, wet chemical etching and electrochemical polishing of titanium discs. The measurement techniques included an atomic force microscope (AFM), coherence scanning interferometer (CSI) and a 3D stereo scanning electron microscope (SEM). The aim was to demonstrate and discuss similarities and differences in the results provided by these techniques when analyzing submicron surface topographies. The estimated surface roughness parameters were not directly comparable since the techniques had different surface spatial wavelength band limits. However, the comparison was made possible by applying a 2D power spectral density (PSD) function. Furthermore, to simplify the comparison, all measurements were characterized using the ISO 25178 standard parameters. Additionally, a Fourier transform was applied to calculate the instrument transfer function in order to investigate the behavior of CSI at different wavelength ranges. The study showed that 3D stereo SEM results agreed well with AFM measurements for the studied surfaces. Analyzed surface parameter values were in general higher when measured by CSI in comparison to both AFM and 3D stereo SEM results. In addition, the PSD analysis showed a higher power spectrum density in the lower frequency range 10−2–10−1 µm−1 for the CSI compared with the other techniques. © 2018 IOP Publishing Ltd

  • 25.
    Friel, R. J.
    Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom.
    13 - Power ultrasonics for additive manufacturing and consolidating of materials2015In: Power Ultrasonics: Applications of High-Intensity Ultrasound / [ed] Gallego-Juarez, Juan A. & Graff, Karl F., Oxford: Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2015, p. 313-335Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This chapter explores the ultrasonic additive manufacturing (UAM) advanced solid-state metal additive/subtractive manufacturing process that combines ultrasonic welding and computer numerical control milling to fabricate solid metal components, layer-by-layer, from metal foils. The chapter will discuss the three key abilities of UAM: complicated geometries, dissimilar material bonding, and object embedment. The combination of these three key abilities places UAM as a most attractive method with which to create metal matrix-based freeform smart structures for high-value engineering applications. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  • 26.
    Friel, R. J.
    et al.
    The Wolfson School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom.
    Harris, R. A.
    The Wolfson School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom.
    Ultrasonic additive manufacturing – A hybrid production process for novel functional products2013In: Procedia CIRP, ISSN 2212-8271, E-ISSN 2212-8271, Vol. 6, p. 35-40Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing (UAM), or Ultrasonic Consolidation as it is also referred, is a hybrid form of manufacture, primarily for metal components. The unique nature of the process permits extremely novel functionality to be realised such as multi-material structures with embedded componentry. UAM has been subject to research and investigation at Loughborough University since 2001. This paper introduces UAM then details a number of key findings in a number of areas that have been of particular focus at Loughborough in recent years. These include; the influence of pre-process material texture on interlaminar bonding, secure fibre positioning through laser machined channels, and freeform electrical circuitry integration. © 2013 The Authors.

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  • 27.
    Friel, R. J.
    et al.
    The Wolfson School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom.
    Harris, R. A.
    The Wolfson School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom.
    Ultrasonic additive manufacturing research at Loughborough University2012In: Proceedings of the Twenty Third Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium – An Additive Manufacturing Conference, Austin, Texas, USA, 6-8 August 2012 / [ed] D. Bourell, R. H. Crawford, C. C. Seepersad, J. J. Beaman, & H. Marcus, 2012, p. 354-363Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing (UAM) has been subject to research and investigation at Loughborough University since 2001. In recent years, three particular areas of significant focus have been:

    • The influence of pre-process material texture on interlaminar bonding.

    • Secure fibre positioning through laser machined channels.

    • Freeform electrical circuitry integration.

    This paper details the key findings and a number of conclusions from these work areas. The results of this work have led to the further research and developmental applications for the UAM technology.

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  • 28.
    Friel, R. J.
    et al.
    Wolfson School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom.
    Johnson, K. E.
    Solidica Inc., Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
    Dickens, P. M.
    Wolfson School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom.
    Harris, R. A.
    Wolfson School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom.
    The effect of interface topography for Ultrasonic Consolidation of aluminium2010In: Journal of Materials Science and Engineering: A, ISSN 2161-6213, Vol. 527, no 16-17, p. 4474-4483Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Ultrasonic Consolidation (UC) is an additive manufacturing technology which is based on the sequential solid-state ultrasonic welding of metal foils. UC presents a rapid and adaptive alternative process, to other metal-matrix embedding technologies, for 'smart' metal composite material production. A challenge that exists however relates to optimising, for bond density and plastic flow, the interlaminar textures themselves that serve as the contact surfaces between the foils.UC employs a sonotrode connected to a transducer to exude ultrasonic energy into the metal foil being sequentially deposited. This sonotrode to metal contact imparts a noteworthy topology to the processed metals surface that in turn becomes the crucial substrate topology of the subsequent layers deposition. This work investigated UC processed Al 3003 samples to ascertain the effect of this imparted topology on subsequent layer deposition. Surface and interlaminar topology profiles were characterised using interferometry, electron and light microscopy. The physical effect of the topology profiles was quantified via the use of peel testing.The imparted topology profile was found to be of fundamental significance to the mechanical performance and bond density achieved within the bulk laminate during UC. The UC process parameters and sonotrode topology performed a key role in modifying this topology profile. The concept of using a specifically textured sonotrode to attain desired future smart material performance via UC is proposed by the authors. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.

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  • 29.
    Goulas, Athanasios
    et al.
    Loughborough University, Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical & Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough, United Kingdom.
    Engstrøm, Daniel
    Loughborough University, Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical & Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough, United Kingdom.
    Friel, R. J.
    Halmstad University, School of Information Technology, Halmstad Embedded and Intelligent Systems Research (EIS), Centre for Research on Embedded Systems (CERES).
    Chapter 21 - Additive manufacturing using space resources2021In: Additive Manufacturing / [ed] Juan Pou; Antonio Riveiro; J. Paulo Davim, Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2021, 1, p. 661-683Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Additive manufacturing (AM), commonly known as 3D printing, is a family of novel and advanced manufacturing techniques that operate in a layer-by-layer additive manner and, by using a vast material palette, can deliver parts in an autonomous fashion directly from computer data without the need for additional tooling and with part complexities beyond most conventional manufacturing techniques. Serving under the in situ resource utilization concept, AM is envisioned as a highly promising solution for producing a range of physical assets off-world, by using as feedstock the abundant natural resources that are readily available onsite, from building life-sustaining habitats on the Moon or Mars, to fabricating various replacements parts, aiming to support human (or robotic) space exploration. This chapter discusses AM within a future planetary manufacturing scenario. It reviews those identified and prospective material space resources with a focus on lunar regolith, their simulants, and envisaged processing methods. Finally, a laser-based AM approach for fabricating parts using lunar regolith is presented and further discussed, as it shows great promise and showcases the potential of the technology.

  • 30.
    Goulas, Athanasios
    et al.
    Wolfson School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom.
    Friel, R. J.
    Wolfson School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom.
    3D printing with moondust2016In: Rapid prototyping journal, ISSN 1355-2546, E-ISSN 1758-7670, Vol. 22, no 6, p. 864-870Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of the main process parameters of laser melting (LM) type additive manufacturing (AM) on multi-layered structures manufactured from JSC-1A Lunar regolith (Moondust) simulant powder. Design/methodology/approach - Laser diffraction technology was used to analyse and confirm the simulant powder material particle sizes and distribution. Geometrical shapes were then manufactured on a Realizer SLM™ 100 using the simulant powder. The laser-processed samples were analysed via scanning electron microscopy to evaluate surface and internal morphologies, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy to analyse the chemical composition after processing, and the samples were mechanically investigated via Vickers micro-hardness testing. Findings - A combination of process parameters resulting in an energy density value of 1.011 J/mm2 allowed the successful production of components directly from Lunar regolith simulant. An internal relative porosity of 40.8 per cent, material hardness of 670 ±11 HV and a dimensional accuracy of 99.8 per cent were observed in the fabricated samples. Originality/value - This research paper is investigating the novel application of a powder bed fusion AM process category as a potential on-site manufacturing approach for manufacturing structures/components out of Lunar regolith (Moondust). It was shown that this AM process category has the capability to directly manufacture multi-layered parts out of Lunar regolith, which has potential applicability to future moon colonization. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

  • 31.
    Johansson, Ohlsson, Nilsson, Andreas, Johan, Arvid
    Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET).
    PlusTak2010Student paper other, 15 credits / 22,5 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Today´s roofing of dwelling houses is a very time consuming procedure, which includes a lot of different steps on the construction site. Not only does it cost a lot of money, but often do problems with rot and mold occur in the attics of houses today.

     

    The use of prefabricated modules has seen a great breakthrough in the field of construction of dwelling houses; at least when it comes to foundations and walls, where this type of approach makes the construction process way more efficient. What no one previous has succeeded to develop is a corresponding system for roofs that meets the demands of a dwelling house. Accordingly the goal of PlusTak has been to come up with a proper module system for roofing of dwelling houses, where the roofing is completed to meet the demands of the Scandinavian market.

     

    During the project a lot of effort has been put into customer contacts and the usability of the product, as well in the manufacturing process as on the construction site. This development has gone hand in hand with several practical tests and tryouts. The project group has also participated in the use of PlusTak at various construction sites this spring, to get a better view of what could be further developed with the product. The outcome is a complete roofing system which is almost entirely prefabricated, and only requires a few hours on the construction site for completion of a fully weather protected roof. PlusTak is a very flexible system which is perfectly suitable for different house and roof types, and fits almost any roof pitch. The visible layer of the roof is available both as a classic seamed tin roof and with traditional tiles. Thanks to the great capability of insulation within the PlusTak system it suits the modern energy efficient houses perfectly. Moreover the insulation layer of the roof is placed in the outer roof, which eliminates the problems concerning condensation that occurs in weather and temperature changes, which has been a growing issue lately.

    Thus, PlusTak offers a cost-effective roof system of the as well as it provides a totally carefree ownership.

     

    An intense marketing campaign has been conducted through several channels during the development of the product. PlusTak was presented with great success at Nordbyggmässan in Stockholm, the biggest construction fair in Scandinavia, in March 2010. This was right after the product became patent pending. PlusTak has currently sold for over one million SEK and has been quoted on request for over 40 million SEK.  The annual market in Sweden corresponds to over two billion, despite the current recession. The project group is counting on taking over 2-10% of that market within a period of five years.

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    Bilaga
  • 32.
    Johansson, Staffan
    et al.
    Volvo Group Trucks Technology, Vehicle Engineering, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Nilsson, Per H.
    Volvo Group Trucks Technology, Advanced Technology & Research, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Ohlsson, Robert
    Volvo Group Trucks Technology, Powertrain Engineering, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Rosén, Bengt Göran
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science, The Rydberg Laboratory for Applied Sciences (RLAS).
    A Novel Approach to Reduction of Frictional Losses in a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine by Reducing the Hydrodynamic Frictional Losses2017In: Advances in Tribology, ISSN 1687-5915, E-ISSN 1687-5923, Vol. 2017, p. 1-17, article id 9240703Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    An important parameter in the reduction of fuel consumption of heavy-duty diesel engines is the Power Cylinder Unit (PCU); the PCU is the single largest contributor to engine frictional losses. Much attention, from both academia and industry, has been paid to reducing the frictional losses of the PCU in the boundary and mixed lubrication regime. However, previous studies have shown that a large portion of frictional losses in the PCU occur in the hydrodynamic lubrication regime. A novel texturing design with large types of surface features was experimentally analyzed using a tribometer setup. The experimental result shows a significant reduction of friction loss for the textured surfaces. Additionally, the textured surface did not exhibit wear. On the contrary, it was shown that the textured surfaces exhibited a smaller amount of abrasive scratches on the plateaus (compared to the reference plateau honed surface) due to entrapment of wear particles within the textures. The decrease in hydrodynamic friction for the textured surfaces relates to the relative increase of oil film thickness within the textures. A tentative example is given which describes a method of decreasing hydrodynamic frictional losses in the full-scale application. © 2017 Staffan Johansson et al.

  • 33.
    Masurtschak, S.
    et al.
    Wolfson School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom.
    Friel, R. J.
    Wolfson School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom.
    Gillner, A.
    Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology, Aachen, Germany.
    Ryll, J.
    Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology, Aachen, Germany.
    Harris, R. A.
    Wolfson School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom.
    Fiber laser induced surface modification/manipulation of an ultrasonically consolidated metal matrix2013In: Journal of Materials Processing Technology, ISSN 0924-0136, E-ISSN 1873-4774, Vol. 213, no 10, p. 1792-1800Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Ultrasonic Consolidation (UC) is a manufacturing technique based on the ultrasonic joining of a sequence of metal foils. It has been shown to be a suitable method for fiber embedment into metal matrices. However, integration of high volume fractions of fibers requires a method for accurate positioning and secure placement to maintain fiber layouts within the matrices. This paper investigates the use of a fiber laser for microchannel creation in UC samples to allow such fiber layout patterns. A secondary goal, to possibly reduce plastic flow requirements in future embedding processes, is addressed by manipulating the melt generated by the laser to form a shoulder on either side of the channel. The authors studied the influence of laser power, traverse speed and assist gas pressure on the channel formation in aluminium alloy UC samples. It was found that multiple laser passes allowed accurate melt distribution and channel geometry in the micrometre range. An assist gas aided the manipulation of the melted material. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  • 34.
    Monaghan, T.
    et al.
    School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom.
    Harding, M. J.
    School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
    Christie, S. D. R.
    Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom.
    Harris, R. A.
    School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.
    Friel, R. J.
    Halmstad University, School of Information Technology.
    Complementary catalysis and analysis within solid state additively manufactured metal micro flow reactors2022In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 12, article id 5121Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Additive Manufacturing is transforming how researchers and industrialists look to design and manufacture chemical devices to meet their specific needs. In this work, we report the first example of a flow reactor formed via the solid-state metal sheet lamination technique, Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing (UAM), with directly integrated catalytic sections and sensing elements. The UAM technology not only overcomes many of the current limitations associated with the additive manufacturing of chemical reactionware but it also significantly increases the functionality of such devices. A range of biologically important 1, 4-disubstituted 1, 2, 3-triazole compounds were successfully synthesised and optimised in-flow through a Cu mediated Huisgen 1, 3-dipolar cycloaddition using the UAM chemical device. By exploiting the unique properties of UAM and continuous flow processing, the device was able to catalyse the proceeding reactions whilst also providing real-time feedback for reaction monitoring and optimisation. © 2022. The Author(s).

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    Sci Rep - Catalysis
  • 35.
    Nilsson, Bertil
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science, Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design (MTEK), Functional Surfaces.
    Hansbo, Peter
    Department of Applied Mechanics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    A goal oriented adaptive finite element method for hydrodynamic lubricationManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    We present a goal-oriented adaptive finite element method for a cavitation model based on Reynolds' equation. A posteriori error estimates and adaptive algorithms are derived, and numerical examples illustrating the theory are supplied.

  • 36.
    Nilsson, Bertil
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science, Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design (MTEK), Functional Surfaces.
    Hansbo, Peter
    Department of Applied Mechanics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Adaptive finite element solution of a cavitation problem in hydrodynamic lubricationManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    We present an adaptive finite element method for a cavitation model based on Reynolds' equation. A posteriori error estimates and adaptive algorithms are derived, and numerical examples illustrating the theory are supplied.

  • 37.
    Nilsson, Carl Magnus
    et al.
    Halmstad University.
    Malmqvist, Lennart
    Halmstad University.
    Carlsson, Jörgen
    Halmstad University, School of Information Technology.
    Kristiansson, Per
    Halmstad University.
    Study of pigment and optical response distributions in newsprint1998In: Proceedings of the Technical Association of the Graphic Arts, TAGA, Rochester, NY: Technical Association of the Graphic Arts , 1998, p. 737-748Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The quality of the printed screen dots is one of the critical factors that determine the over all quality of a printed halftone image. In this paper the spatial distribution of pigment is recorded and its relation to optical response and local paper grammage in printed screen dots on newsprint is analyzed. It is shown that light scattering inside the paper structure to some extent hide large irregularities in the pigment distribution. It is also shown that a hole in a screen dot will be optical mitigate by the paper structure as a result of multiple light scattering inside the bulk. We also show experimentally the hue shift in the border zone of the screen dot. A halo of light around the pigment area, which shifts from cyan towards green, has been determined around a cyan screen dot. Influence from the cyan pigment can be spotted in the optical response up to a distance of at least 20 μm from the measured pigment particle.

  • 38.
    Pawlus, Paweł
    et al.
    Rzeszóv University of Technology.
    Blunt, LiamHuddersfield University.Rosén, Bengt-GöranHalmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science, Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design (MTEK), Functional Surfaces.Thomas, TomHalmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science, Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design (MTEK), Functional Surfaces.Wieczorowski, MichalPoznan University of Technology.
    Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Metrology and Properties of Engineering Surfaces2009Conference proceedings (editor) (Refereed)
  • 39.
    Raj, Pushparani
    et al.
    MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Barbe, Laurent
    Dept. Materials Science and Engineering, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Andersson, Martin
    Dept. Materials Science and Engineering, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    De Albuquerque Moreira, Milena
    Dept. Materials Science and Engineering, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Haase, Dörthe
    MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Wootton, James
    MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Nehzati, Susan
    MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Terry, Ann E.
    MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Friel, Ross J.
    Halmstad University, School of Information Technology, Halmstad Embedded and Intelligent Systems Research (EIS), Centre for Research on Embedded Systems (CERES).
    Tenje, Maria
    Dept. Materials Science and Engineering, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Sigfridsson Clauss, Kajsa G. V.
    MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Fabrication and characterisation of a silicon-borosilicate glass microfluidic device for synchrotron-based hard X-ray spectroscopy studies2021In: RSC Advances, E-ISSN 2046-2069, Vol. 11, no 47, p. 29859-29869Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Some of the most fundamental chemical building blocks of life on Earth are the metal elements. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is an element-specific technique that can analyse the local atomic and electronic structure of, for example, the active sites in catalysts and energy materials and allow the metal sites in biological samples to be identified and understood. A microfluidic device capable of withstanding the intense hard X-ray beams of a 4th generation synchrotron and harsh chemical sample conditions is presented in this work. The device is evaluated at the K-edges of iron and bromine and the L3-edge of lead, in both transmission and fluorescence mode detection and in a wide range of sample concentrations, as low as 0.001 M. The device is fabricated in silicon and glass with plasma etched microchannels defined in the silicon wafer before anodic bonding of the glass wafer into a complete device. The device is supported with a well-designed printed chip holder that made the microfluidic device portable and easy to handle. The chip holder plays a pivotal role in mounting the delicate microfluidic device on the beamline stage. Testing validated that the device was sufficiently robust to contain and flow through harsh acids and toxic samples. There was also no significant radiation damage to the device observed, despite focusing with intense X-ray beams for multiple hours. The quality of X-ray spectra collected is comparable to that from standard methods; hence we present a robust microfluidic device to analyse liquid samples using synchrotron XAS.

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  • 40.
    Rebeggiani, Sabina
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science, Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design (MTEK), Functional Surfaces.
    On Polishability of Tool Steels2013Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    One of the world’s fastest growing industries is the plastic industry. Today’s ever increasing demands of high quality products, shorter lead times and reduced costs push development and research forwards. Moulds for plastic injection moulding need to have a functional surface to meet demands on demoulding and wear properties, but also to produce the required final surface quality, which for ‘standard mould qualities’ of high gloss applications means nearly defect free, shiny and smooth mould surfaces with roughness levels in the nm-range.

    The aim of this thesis was to develop a metrology framework to quantitatively characterise these mould surfaces in order to gain better understanding of which defect structures are critical at injection moulding, and how these are correlated to material properties and operating conditions in surface preparation of tool steels. In practice this means to capture surface features of some few nm in height/depth up to some hundreds of microns in lateral dimension within insert areas of cm2 and larger. Experiments combining polishers’ experience with steel producers’ as well as non-contact areal texture examinations of surface topography were performed to overcome and link practical skills to academic ones.

    Based on areal surface metrology, defect classification and image analysis based surface characterisation, an evaluation procedure for polished tool steel surfaces was developed, initially tested and verified. The suggested method involves descriptions of relevant defect structures and acceptance levels for high gloss polished tool steels in the form of numerical parameter values based on interferometric measurements. It was also concluded that the cleanness of the steels was less important as long as it was kept within reasonable levels; the surface preparation strategy is a major factor influencing the mould surface quality e.g. it was found that a ‘several-step-strategy’ was favourable to avoid defect structures; not all ‘mirror-like’ mould surfaces had desirable topographies for injection moulding, therefore a well-defined mould surface assessment with numerical values describing mould surface quality is necessary to secure effective mould surfaces.

  • 41.
    Rebeggiani, Sabina
    Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design (MTEK), Functional Surfaces.
    Polishability of tool steels: Characterisation of high gloss polished tool steels2009Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The manufacturing of plastic components, like a majority of other mass produced discrete parts, require well designed dies and moulds. Complex geometries and increasing demands on final surface appearance, which is strongly connected to the quality impression, are pushing for high demands on mould-makers and polishers as well as steel producers. Moulds for production of shiny plastic components require tool steels with low defect levels to achieve highly gloss and very smooth mould surfaces (roughness levels in the nm-range).

    It is the ability to achieve those mirror-like surfaces, the polishability of tool steels, that is the central part in this study. To increase the understanding of how material properties and different surface preparation techniques impact the polishability, a selection of high gloss polished tool steel qualities were characterised using non-contact 3D-surface texture analysis.

    A first step towards a grading system of the polishablility was made based on a classification of surface defects detected on included steel samples. 3D surface parameters based on interferometer measurements seemed to be useful for a characterisation, even though further studies (involving different filters and segmentation methods) are needed to find less and more precise parameter values to grade tool steel qualities.

    Future work will include analysis of surface measurements of test moulds and plastic parts, as well as studies of how quantitative parameters can be linked to qualitative estimations in order to better understand how surface features on the mould are transferred into the surface of plastic components.

  • 42.
    Rebeggiani, Sabina
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science, Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design (MTEK), Functional Surfaces.
    Rosén, Bengt-Göran
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science, Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design (MTEK), Functional Surfaces.
    Factors influencing the surface quality of polished tool steels2014In: Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties, ISSN 2051-672X, Vol. 2, no 3, article id 035004Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Today’s demands on surface quality of moulds for injection moulding of plastic components involve no/low defect contents and roughness levels in the nm-range for high gloss applications. Material properties as well as operating conditions influence the mould finish, and thus the final surface of moulded products. This paper focuses on how particle content and different polishing strategies influence final surface qualities of moulds. Visual estimations of polished tool steel samples were combined with non-contact 3D-surface texture analysis in order to correlate traditional assessments to more quantitative methods, and to be able to analyse the surfaces at nanometer-level.

    It was found that steels with a lower proportion of particles, like carbides and oxides, gave rise to smoother polished surfaces. In a comparative study of polishers from different polishing shops, it was found that while different surface preparation strategies can lead to similar final roughness, similar preparation techniques can produce high-quality surfaces from different steel grades. However, the non-contact 3D-surface texture analysis showed that not all smooth polished surfaces have desirable functional topographies for injection moulding of glossy plastic components.

  • 43.
    Rebeggiani, Sabina
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science, Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design (MTEK), Functional Surfaces.
    Rosén, Bengt-Göran
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science, Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design (MTEK), Functional Surfaces.
    Quantitative evaluation of the surface finish of high gloss polished tool steels2014In: Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties, ISSN 2051-672X, Vol. 2, no 1, article id 014002Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Standardized procedures to measure and estimate surface qualities of moulds for injection moulding of plastic components do not exist. Instead, steel producers as well as polishers and mould-users need to rely on master plaques for tactile comparisons and/or their own visual estimations for surface quality controls. This paper presents an overview of various surface evaluation methods of steels, including existing standards and available surface metrology. A new method to evaluate high gloss polished tool steel surfaces, based on a three-dimensional non-contacting measurement technique, is presented. The suggested method is based on defect extraction, and should be useful for both specifications and quality controls. Included defects were found to be quality criteria for polished tool steel surfaces. The surface acceptance levels and defect classification are based on interviews and questionnaires, as well as literature studies and visual estimations of test samples made by experienced polishers. © 2014 IOP Publishing Ltd.

  • 44.
    Rebeggiani, Sabina
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science, Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design (MTEK), Functional Surfaces.
    Rosén, Bengt-Göran
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science, Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design (MTEK), Functional Surfaces.
    Quantitative evaluation of the surface finish of high gloss polished tool steels2013In: Metrology and Properties of Engineering Surfaces, 2013: Proceedings of the 14th International Conference, Taipei, Taiwan, June 17-21, 2013, 2013, p. 207-218Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Standardised procedures to measure and estimate surface qualities of moulds for injection moulding of plastic components do not exist. Instead, steel producers as well as polishers and mould-users need to rely on master plaques for tactile comparisons and/or their own visual estimations for surface quality controls.

    This paper presents an overview of various surface evaluation methods of steels, including existing standards and available surface metrology. A new method to evaluate high gloss polished tool steel surfaces, based on a 3D non-contacting measurement technique, is presented. The suggested method is based on defect extraction, and should be useful for both specifications and quality controls. Included defects were found to be quality criteria for polished tool steel surfaces. The surface acceptance levels and defect classification are based on interviews and questionnaires, as well as literature studies and visual estimations of test samples made by experienced polishers.

  • 45.
    Reddy, Vijeth Venkataram
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Innovation and Sustainability, The Rydberg Laboratory for Applied Sciences (RLAS). Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden.
    On Deterministic feature-based Surface Analysis2020Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Manufacturing sector is continuously identifying opportunities to streamline production, reduce waste and improve manufacturing efficiency without compromising product quality. Continuous improvement has been the primary objective to produce acceptable quality products and meet dynamic customer demands by using advanced techniques and methods. Considering the current demands from society on improving the efficiency with sustainable goals, there is considerable interest from researchers and industry to explore the potential, to optimize- and customize manufactured surfaces, as one way of improving the performance of products and processes.Every manufacturing process generate surfaces which beholds certain signature features. Engineered surfaces consist of both, features that are of interest and features that are irrelevant. These features imparted on the manufactured part vary depending on the process, materials, tooling and manufacturing process variables. Characterization and analysis of deterministic features represented by significant surface parameters helps the understanding of the process and its influence on surface functional properties such as wettability, fluid retention, friction, wear and aesthetic properties such as gloss, matte. In this thesis, a general methodology with a statistical approach is proposed to extract the robust surface parameters that provides deterministic and valuable information on manufactured surfaces.Surface features produced by turning, injection molding and Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) are characterized by roughness profile parameters and areal surface parameters defined by ISO standards. Multiple regression statistics is used to resolve surfaces produced with multiple process variables and multiple levels. In addition, other statistical methods used to capture the relevant surface parameters for analysis are also discussed in this thesis. The selected significant parameters discriminate between the samples produced by different process variables and helps to identify the influence of each process variable. The discussed statistical approach provides valuable information on the surface function and further helps to interpret the surfaces for process optimization.The research methods used in this study are found to be valid and applicable for different manufacturing processes and can be used to support guidelines for the manufacturing industry focusing on process optimization through surface analysis. With recent advancement in manufacturing technologies such as additive manufacturing, new methodologies like the statistical one used in this thesis is essential to explore new and future possibilities related to surface engineering.

  • 46.
    Reddy, Vijeth Venkataram
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science, The Rydberg Laboratory for Applied Sciences (RLAS).
    Flys, Olena
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science, The Rydberg Laboratory for Applied Sciences (RLAS). Research Institute of Sweden, Borås, Sweden.
    Chaparala, Anish
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science.
    Berrimi, Chihab E.
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science.
    Vedantha Krishna, Amogh
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science, The Rydberg Laboratory for Applied Sciences (RLAS).
    Rosén, Bengt Göran
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science, The Rydberg Laboratory for Applied Sciences (RLAS).
    Study on surface texture of Fused Deposition Modeling2018In: Proceedings of the 8th Swedish Production Symposium (SPS 2018) / [ed] Mauro Onori, Lihui Wang, Xi Vincent Wang, Wei Ji, Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2018, Vol. 25, p. 8p. 389-396Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is mostly used to develop functional prototypes and in some applications for end-use parts. It is important to study the surfaces produced by FDM to understand the certainty of process. Truncheon design test artefacts are printed at different print settings and surfaces are measured using stylus profilometer. Taguchi’s design of experiments, signal-to-noise ratio and multiple regression statistics are implemented to establish a concise study of the individual and combined effect of process variables on surface texture parameters. Further, a model is developed to predict the roughness parameters and is compared with experimental values. The results suggest significant roughness parameter values decrease with increase in build inclination and increases with increase in layer thickness except the roughness peak count. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V

  • 47.
    Reddy, Vijeth Venkataram
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Innovation and Sustainability, The Rydberg Laboratory for Applied Sciences (RLAS).
    Flys, Olena
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Innovation and Sustainability, The Rydberg Laboratory for Applied Sciences (RLAS). RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Borås, Sweden.
    Vedantha Krishna, Amogh
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Innovation and Sustainability, The Rydberg Laboratory for Applied Sciences (RLAS).
    Rosén, Bengt Göran
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Innovation and Sustainability, The Rydberg Laboratory for Applied Sciences (RLAS).
    Topography characterization of fused deposition modelling surfaces2017Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Deemed as one of the established additive manufacturing technique, fused deposition modelling (FDM) is commonly used for creating functional prototypes. Additive manufacturing, in general, generates surfaces that are different compared to conventional manufacturing and consists of features that are either not well-defined or satisfactorily characterized using the existing surface standards. The generated surfaces vary with respect to different techniques, materials, geometries and process parameters Additive manufacturing boosts of manufacturing individualized parts and as claimed, product with complex design can be easily manufactured but the problem lies in manufacturing it with highest surface quality or produce a well-defined robust surface. The aim of the study is to characterize the FDM surfaces generated at different process settings using areal surface parameters. The experimental study includes surface measurements of study sample build at different orientation and layer thickness. A general statistical methodology is implemented to identify the deterministic features on the manufactured surface. The results include topography characterization using the significant features and detailed study on the influence of geometry and process settings on FDM surfaces.

  • 48.
    Rosén, Bengt Göran
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Innovation and Sustainability, The Rydberg Laboratory for Applied Sciences (RLAS). Toponova AB, Halmstad, Sweden.
    Rosén, Stefan
    Toponova AB, Halmstad, Sweden.
    Thomas, T. R.
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science. Avalon Technology, London, United Kingdom.
    Analysis of 3-D surfaces in forming dies and sheet metal - Today and tomorrow2004In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Recent Advances in Manufacture and Use of Tools and Dies and Stamping of Steel Sheets / [ed] Nader Asnafi, 2004, p. 29-53Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The effects of surface roughness on production of steel sheet are critically reviewed. New developments in the measurement and characterisation of surface roughness seem likely to improve our understanding of its effect on sheet metal production. Much useful information can still be acquired by 2D techniques but increasingly the evidence is that sheet metal surface roughness is better measured and characterised by 3D methods. The facility for direct surface visualization in 3D is shown to be particularly helpful. When measuring 3D the measurement area size and sampling space are critical and for evaluation the filtering of surface data into roughness and waviness is more complicated than for 2D profiles.

  • 49.
    Rosén, Bengt-Göran
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science, Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design (MTEK), Functional Surfaces. Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden .
    Fall, Andreas
    SCA Hygiene Products AB, Göteborg, Sweden.
    Rosén, Stefan
    Toponova AB, Halmstad, Sweden.
    Farbrot, Anne
    SCA Hygiene Products AB, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Bergström, P.
    SCA Hygiene Products AB, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Topographic modelling of haptic properties of tissue products2014In: Journal of Physics, Conference Series, ISSN 1742-6588, E-ISSN 1742-6596, Vol. 483, article id 012010Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The way a product or material feels when touched, haptics, has been shown to be a property that plays an important role when consumers determine the quality of products For tissue products in constant touch with the skin, softness" becomes a primary quality parameter. In the present work, the relationship between topography and the feeling of the surface has been investigated for commercial tissues with varying degree of texture from the low textured crepe tissue to the highly textured embossed- and air-dried tissue products. A trained sensory panel at was used to grade perceived haptic "roughness".

    The technique used to characterize the topography was Digital light projection (DLP) technique, By the use of multivariate statistics, strong correlations between perceived roughness and topography were found with predictability of above 90 percent even though highly textured products were included. Characterization was made using areal ISO 25178-2 topography parameters in combination with non-contacting topography measurement. The best prediction ability was obtained when combining haptic properties with the topography parameters auto-correlation length (Sal), peak material volume (Vmp), core roughness depth (Sk) and the maximum height of the surface (Sz). © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

  • 50.
    Rosén, Bengt-Göran
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science, Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design (MTEK), Functional Surfaces.
    Nilsson, Bertil
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science, Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design (MTEK), Functional Surfaces.
    Thomas, Tom R.
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science, Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design (MTEK), Functional Surfaces.
    Wiklund, Daniel
    Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Xiao, Li
    Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Oil pockets and surface topography: Mechanisms of friction reduction2004Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Oil pockets reduce friction in two ways: by providing lift themselves by a cavitation mechanism, and also by acting as a reservoir of lubricant which will leak out around their boundaries to minimise direct metallic contact in the surrounding region. The relative importance of these mechanisms is estimated in particular tribological environments. The general cavitation conditions for oil pockets are defined and the cavitation models of Etsion and Kato are compared. Both these models require knowledge of the size and distribution of oil pockets, and an attempt is made to relate these to measurable surface topography parameters. Mechanisms for leakage of lubricant from oil pockets are also discussed. Advantages and disadvantages of the Wihiborg-Crafoord index are presented. The effect of oil pockets on the contact regime in gears is assessed, and in particular the likely effect of oil-pocket-induced cavitation on gear noise, and its relation to existing work on gear roughness, is discussed. Problems of oil pocket measurement on reaÌ surfaces are outlined and the advantages of 3D measurement are identified.

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