Abstract

In the world where every sector of industrial manufacturing is being converted toautomated systems, surface finishing processes like sanding and polishing seem to lag.This phenomenon is not surprising as these processes are complex to optimize. Therehave been projects going on with the support of European Commission to findsolutions under SYMPLEXITY (Symbiotic Human-Robot Solutions for ComplexSurface Finishing Operations). One of the projects in under this include poliMATIC(Automated Polishing for the European Tooling Industry). Halmstad University isinvolved in doing projects.

This project took a portion of this study in aim to understand a foam material’s behavior used for sanding tool at the tip of a robotic arm. This is studied using a forcemeasurement system developed at Halmstad University. The project has two sectionsand starts with one; Understanding the force measurement system and upgrading innecessary ways. Two; studying how the foam material compressive hardness propertyis affected when the material is fit with sandpaper for sanding operation using theforce measurement system. The study finally revealed how the combination of thefoam with sandpaper affects the robustness of the material, and significantlyimproved the output of the system with by reducing the noise level with 40%.

In recent years, there has been a considerable interest in Malaysian manufacturing firms in New Product Development (NPD) which is considered to be indirectly a booster for the success of a firm. The purpose of the study is to highlight the NPD processes and methods used in Malaysian industry. This paper focuses only on the formal NPD-processes and NPD-strategies. From the available database, it is found that there are 250 confirmed companies from automotive, chemical, and electrical industries, which have R&D facilities; out of which 36% have agreed to participate in the survey, and 29% questionnaires have been used. The results show that the best firms have their R&D and NPD departments either overseas or partially in Malaysia.

I denna rapport presenteras ett examensarbete som syftar till att ta fram idéer för en användarvänlig produkt, anpassad till dusch- och badrumsmiljöer som gör att äldre och funktionsnedsatta kan klara sig mer självständigt i hemmet. Arbetet har utförts tillsammans med uppdragsgivaren Jörgen Carlsson, produktchef på företaget Macro International AB (Macro) som tillverkar, utvecklar och säljer badrumslösningar med duschar och möbler. Examensarbetet har genomförts på Högskolan i Halmstad under våren 2014 och omfattar 15 högskolepoäng.

Målet med projektet var att utifrån ett valt koncept utveckla en prototyp som passar till Macros nuvarande duschsortiment samt ta fram konstruktionsritningar för eventuell tillverkning av produkten. Produkten skulle vara lätt att montera för privatpersoner samt utstråla den känsla, enkelhet, personlighet och spänning som företaget strävar efter i alla sina produkter.

Arbetet inleddes med en omfattande marknadsundersökning där tolkningen och resultatet av undersökningen tillsammans med uppdragsgivarens åsikter ledde till ett antal idéer att gå vidare med och utveckla. Två designmetodiker har kombinerats med en konstruktionsmetodik vilket har lett till ett slutligt resultat av ett duschredskap som kan användas som stöd i Macros duschar ”Skagen” och ”Fjord”. En prototyp av produkten tillverkades i Macros 3D-skrivare. Bildrenderingar och en monteringsfilm gjordes med hjälp av KeyShot 4, Catia V5 och Photoshop CS6. Även färdiga ritningar som kan användas vid en eventuell tillverkning är bifogade i rapporten.

The main objective of the current study was to examine the trends and current status of lightweight design, optimization, and bionics in industrial applications. The goal wasto explore the suitable innovations used by industrial companies to ensure improved product performance and low costs of manufacturing. To achieve the goal, a secondary research methodology was employed in which seven studies on the topics of optimization, bionics, and lightweight designs were sampled and analyzed. A key resultnoted was that lightweight design is achieved through the use of magnesium alloys,aluminum alloys, and non-metallic materials such as carbon fiber-reinforced polymer.To optimize performance of the lightweight materials, computer technologies such as computer-assisted designs (CAD) are being used to ensure that the best shapes of the materials are utilized to offer the best performance. Meanwhile, bionics was employed by creating product designs which are inspired by nature such as meshless structures that minimize energy consumption, are cheaper, and are environmentally friendly.

Purpose: The purpose is to identify and explore barriers to overcome for developing collaborative innovation between a global service supplier and two of its industrial customers in Sweden. Design/methodology/approach: The research had an action-based research approach in which the researchers were interacting and collaborating with the practitioners in the companies. The empirical part includes primary data from multiple interviews, and two workshops with dialogues with participants from the involved companies. The use of complementary data collection methods gave rich input to understanding the context for collaborative innovation, and to uncovering barriers, to develop solutions for collaborative innovation. The empirical barriers were analysed using theoretically derived barriers from a literature review. The analysis generated four broad themes of barriers which were discussed and led to conclusions and theoretical and practical implications on: the customer's safety culture, the business model, the parties' understanding of innovation and the management of collaborative innovation in supply chains. Findings: The thematic analysis generated four broad themes: the customer's safety culture, the business model, the parties' understanding of innovation and the management of collaborative innovation. These themes where analysed using theoretically derived barriers from a literature review. The industrial context, the understanding of innovation and its management created barriers. Originality/value: The unique access to the service supplier and its two independent industrial customers adds a rich contextual framing to the process of identifying and exploring the barriers to collaborative innovation. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of an industrial business context, the business logic in terms of business models and for the understanding and management of collaborative innovation. © 2023, Helén Anderson, Tomas Müllern and Mike Danilovic.

This thesis is issued in collaboration with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, California. JPL's primary function is the construction and operation of robotic planetary spacecraft. At the time being JPL has 22 spacecraft and 10 instruments conducting active missions.

The "Dark Ages" represent the last frontier in cosmology, the era between the genesis of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and the formation of the first stars. During the Dark Ages, when the Universe was unlit by any star, the only detectable signal is likely to be that from neutral hydrogen (HI).

The HI absorption occurs in dark matter-dominated overdensities, locations that will later become the birthplaces of the first stars. Tracing this evolution will provide crucial insights into the properties of dark matter and potentially reveal aspects of cosmic inflation. This could be accomplished using a radio telescope located on the far side of the Moon, the only site in the solar system shielded from human-generated interference and, at night, from solar radio emissions.

Our objective has been the development of the concept of an autonomous rover that would be capable of deploying a large number of low frequency radio antennas on the lunar surface. This is an enabling task for the eventual creation of a radio telescope.

The project at Halmstad University was divided into three sub-projects, where our area of responsibility has been the development of a concept of the rover's mobility system.

The result of the project is the concept of a "Rocker-Bogie" suspension system, created in a 3D-environment. A concept which underwent a series of digital analyses and simulations to ensure the compliance with required specifications.

For many of us, electricity is a natural and necessary source, making it easier to go about our everyday life. Imagine having to collect firewood, for several hours a day, to be able to carry out such a simple task as preparing a meal. For many people, especially in developing countries, everyday life looks just like that, but it does not have to. In line with the increasing demand of sustainability, new technologies now turn their focus to the almost inexhaustible source of energy, namely the sun.

The energy that is being received every day in the form of solar radiation, corresponds to about 8000 times more energy than what is being consumed on the planet, throughout anentire year. With today's technology, there is now a possibility to farm parts of this energy, to be used as a more sustainable alternative. 

Sunfurias product uses a technology that, with the help of solar collectors, saves solar energy in a heat storage, enabling cooking at any time.

For the solar collectors to be as efficient as possible, they need to rotate following the movement of the sun throughout the day. Today, this is done by using an advanced tracking device, which in turn makes the entire product significantly more expensive. Which also affects the sales volume, especially in the developing countries.

The SunTrack project has been carried out in collaboration with Sunfuria AB to solve the need for a more affordable product, by developing a cost-effective alternative to the current solar tracking system.

Every few years, modern heavy-duty vehicles get redesigned and can carry more cargo than previously known. Increasing the amount of cargo means increasing the weight, which then leads to more pressure on the engineers to design improved vehicle frames and axles to distribute this load. A recent addition is a second front axle. This axle has been steered with a mechanical link since its introduction, but due to recent law changes, the possibility to steer this axle with an electro-hydraulic system is now available. The purpose of the project is just that, to create an electro-hydraulic steering system, it can be known as steer-by-wire (SBW). Through meetings with lead engineers at Volvo GTT, the first draft of some Concepts could be achieved. The Concepts consisted of a CAD design of the steering, complemented by hydraulic steering. By reusing existing parts in the new design, a similar steering capability was achieved. But having a SBW-system that can attach directly to the new axle, that is not restricted to a connection with the first axle enables so many options, and now, the sky is the limit. The weight is reduced, fuel and energy consumption is reduced, but maybe most important of all. The flexibility of this system is increased, enabling options to have independent steering from the first axle and even changing the placement of the axle on the frame itself. A system like this can have a significant impact on the environmental effects of trucks, as it can reduce the number of vehicles on the road. Thanks to the increase in cargo capacity.

Automatic trimmerhead is an examination project for making an automatic trimmerhead for grass trimmers with the user and functionality in focus. Our perception is that a happy user is a user who can pick up his or her trimmer, use it and put it back to its place when the job is done. It should not be necessary to interrupt work and perform maintenance on the machine just to make it work as promised.

The project has been made in collaboration with the company Husqvarna, which is one of the biggest actors dealing with garden machinery on the market. Together we determined the project goal, “To invent, construct and test a brand new concept for how an automatic trimmerhead can look and function”.

At this day there are several different automatic trimmerheads on the market, both semi and fully automatic. After having seen and tested many of these trimmerheads, we have come to the following conclusion. They are either difficult for users to handle or has unreliable functions, sometimes both. We have, with this kept in mind, tested and analyzed the different models to find the problem. We found one, and maybe the only, reason to why these trimmerheads does not function as promised. All the trimmerheads functions are based on the increased rotation speed that will occur when the cord breaks off.

In our product we have therefore designed a mechanical solution that feed cord based on not only the force affecting the cord but also on the length of the cord. A trimmerhead with a cord feeding function which can activate based on the length of the cord does not exist on the market and is according to Husqvarna, who has much knowledge on the subject, a new and very interesting way of solving the problem.

 Since the beginning of the project we have had many ideas and surely we have encountered even more problems, but this is what has given us the knowledge we needed to make it to where we are today. The result of this is a brand new concept with good patent possibilities on several parts and functions which have given Husqvarna everything they need to continue the work and to turn our solution into a high quality product. 

The shooting sport is one of the most widespread sports in the world and it is

being practice in most countries. Based on their own experiences, in competition -

and hobby shooting, the client M4Solutions found a demand and need for a

shooting target that is manufactured in Sweden.

The purpose of the project has been to develop, with the help of Marcus Walldén,

two shooting targets from idea to finished product. These two shooting targets,

Plate Rack Target and Dueling Tree, would each be equipped with a mechanical

resetting system but will in the future have the ability to be provided with an

electronic resetting system.

The project from the client was divided into two theses. One of these two, written

by Marcus Walldén, focused on the tripod parts and the overall design work for

both Plate Rack Target and Dueling Tree. The thesis that is presented in this

report have focused on resetting systems, the design of protective plates and other

peripherals for both shooting targets.

This work has primarily been in CAD environment where design, construction

and development has been given free rein. Calculations, test shootings and choice

of materials has been made in order to reach the best possible solutions. The thesis

resulted in two complete 3D models and two full-scale prototypes of steel.

The paper describes a concept for securing the geometry in flexible production based on robot assisted framing. This uses the robot(s) as an active device during change-over between product variants and it is assumed that product variants can be produced in any mixed order. The case under study is cabs for trucks which in traditional production require large and heavy equipment which is above the payload of any robot. The idea within this study is to use carbon fibre composites in the fixtures in order to reduce the weight and through this make it possible to use the robots in assisting the framing process. The current work involves a generalization of the principle both considering the design of the fixtures with respect to issues such as materials properties and design principles, and design of the production system.

Every year SOS Alarm receives 3.5 million emergency calls via 112 and an ambulance is needed in one million of these situations. Working as a paramedic is very physically demanding and the profession is over-represented, in terms of attritional wear on the lower back and the shoulders. Every day the paramedics need to perform many heavy lifts and the deadlift is one of the most demanding. They perform a deadlift when a patient should be lifted from the ground up to height of the haunch. When the deadlift is completed, the paramedics transport the patient to the ambulance.

Work below the knees and over the shoulders should not occur by ergonomic recommendations. When the paramedics perform a deadlift it’s always start below their knees which means that the start position is not advantageous and there is a high risk to be injured. There are many factors that can affect the lifting situation in a negative way for example uneven surfaces, tight spaces and worried patients.

In this project a unique product has been developed to replace the deadlift which is a huge problem that no one else has solved before. By using the product, the deadlift can now be done with minimal use of human power. The product significantly simplifies the care of the patients and will reduce work-related injuries in the pre-hospital medical care.

I den här rapporten går vi igenom processen som vi har använt oss av för att ta fram en konceptmodell för ett nytt magasin åt InLead då de planerar att expandera sitt sortiment för att nå en bredare kundkrets. För tillfället har InLead ett magasin för kutsar och det magasinet vi har fått i projekt att ta fram är ett stångmagasin.

I samarbete med vår handledare på InLead har vi gått igenom vad de vill ha i form av  funktioner och utseénde. Under projektet använde vi det arbetssätt som är baserat på Freddy Olssons metod, princip och primärkonstruktion (1995), som vi använt oss av i tidigare kurser. Under projektets gång så var vi även på besök i InLeads lokal där vi fick se deras nuvarande magasin samt roboten som de kommer använda sig av för att få en bättre inblick i vad projektet ska bli i sitt slutliga stadie. Vi har lagt ner mycket tid på att få fram de resultat som gav den enklaste lösningen för montering och programmering av roboten. Vi kommer att sätta upp ett poängsystem som baseras på våra krav och önskemmål, där väger vi våra produktförslag och väljer det som passar bäst, vi kommer även göra en POME-Matris.

Produkten är uppritad i catia v5 där vi baserade våra idéer på .STEP filer försedda av företaget. Vi använde oss primärt av Part Design och Assembly design då de arbetsbänkarna som används passade vårt projekt bäst. Vi har även använt oss av Catia Photo Studio, Keyshot för att ta fram renderade bilder och animationer av det slutliga resultatet.

The following report is based on the graduate job course in CAD technician program year two. The work reflected in the report is done in collaboration with Hans-Erik Eldemark. This work includes the development of a progress bar for dishwashers.The execution of the thesis has involved a list of criteria with conditions and requirements, which after where weighted in a matrix. Subsequently, the product proposal was developed and has been divided into three categories, twist mechanisms, attachments and exterior design. Finally, suggestions have been designed in CATIA V5 and prototypes were produced using 3d-printing

Touch står för Tactile Oscillating Universal Caressing Hand och är en idé om att skapa enp rodukt som hjälper människor som lider av eksem, stress eller andra psykiska åkommor. Genom att ge huden taktil massage genom en klappningsrörelse ska Touch ge avslappning till användaren. Det ska finnas flera olika utbytbara munstycken som ger hårdare eller mjukare massage.

Rapporten redovisar ett förslag på hur Touch kan utformas för att uppnå dess syfte. Deninnehåller 3D-modeller och ritningar av konstruktionen samt dess individuella delar. Rapporten avhandlar också vilka krav som ställts på Touch och hur arbetet genomförts.

Projektet har avgränsats till att endast göra ett förslag på hur Touch kan konstrueras för attuppfylla kraven och detta har gjorts med hjälp av 3D-modeller och ritningar. Det har heller inte tagits någon hänsyn till den elektroniska delen som krävs för att produkten i slutändan ska fungera.

Additive manufacturing (AM) is acquiring a lot of importance in the manufacturing field. It makes the whole manufacturing process easier and effectively brings down the manufacturing cost compared to the traditional methods. It also provides the manufacturer with the freedom of customization according to each customer. In addition, the implementation of Topology Design Optimization helps in further reduction of costs by reducing the material consumption and energy needed to manufacture the product.

In this thesis, products of TylöHelo AB, a leading manufacturer of sauna and steam are studied and optimized. TylöHelo products are manufactured using injection molding methods, in this process, molds are prepared initially, and later molten plastics are shaped using these molds. Molds are expensive and hard to manufacture too. In these types of techniques, the rate of manufacturing is high, but customization is very hard for each new type of design. A new mold has to be printed for each new design. Due to the high cost of mold designing and manufacturing, customization is very rarely seen.

In this thesis, a certain product of TylöHelo sauna assembly is selected and redesigned using Topology Optimization to achieve both reduced manufacturing cost and good mechanical properties without compromising on the functional behavior. Solid mechanics simulation is performed to assess the mechanical properties of the part optimized and is compared to the original part. Furthermore, Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), an extrusion-based AM, is used for fabricating the part and then implemented in the assembly of the sauna room. Finally, a detailed cost analysis is presented to provide an estimation of savings incurred for the company.

This thesis identified two new topology optimized design based on manual methods and using the software. The results show that the new designs had nearly 58 to 67% cost reduction compared to the original 3D printed design and 64-69% reduction in mass of the product. This also means that the 3D printed topology optimized part can match the prices set by the injection molding. However, the 3D printed part quality and high-volume production can still be a challenge. This thesis also provides a guideline for the redesign manufactures, trying to incorporate Additive manufacturing in their production line.

Forskning inom management och organisation indikerar att innovativa företag är dubbelt så lönsamma som andra företag (Tidd et. al., 1997). Innovationsverksamhet är riskabel och svår att organisera, men sedan 1980-talet har ett flertal modeller presenterats för att organisera innovationsverksamhet. Forskningen inom detta område benämns ibland Innovation management. TQM-konceptet är en managementfilosofi för att förbättra den operationella kvaliten i ett företag och som baseras på de anställdas deltagande, ständiga förbättringar och kundtillfredsställelse.

I denna artikel kommer vi att försöka skapa grunden till en kombinerad modell för TQM och innovationsledning som drar nytta av de båda filosofiernas respektive styrkor. Vi kommer också att diskutera hur modellen kan användas och vidareutvecklas av små och medelstora företag i samarbete med högskolan.

In the urban adventure the electric scooter is often the most available and convenienttransportation in the cities, while also supporting city environmentally friendly transportation.Electric scooters are a big part of the so-called micromobility in big cities. This is showcasedin many American and European cities but also in Stockholm were there are 5 operatingcompanies like Voi, Lime and Tier to name a few. Voi has around 25 000 electric scooters inScandinavia and 4 million daily users in Europe (2020). In the American market there wasover 85 million trips made in 2019.This trend has made many people realize the benefits of owning their own electric scooter asa fast short-distance transportation without breaking a sweat. Making companies likeMercedes, Seat and Segway to name a few, create their own electric scooter.There is today no good way to transport electric scooters, even though most of them arecollapsible. This is due to their unusual shape that makes them hard to properly pack.The goal of this project is to create a solution for carrying electric scooters that fits ontoThule´s bike carrier. This to enable easy transportation of multiple electric scooters while alsofreeing-up space inside the car.The project has resulted in a product with a strong market that the company Thule will havethe opportunity to continue working with.

The project focus has been development of guidelines and methods for upper

extremity injury reduction in car crashes. The safety of the central body parts

improves which indicates the need to develop methods for avoiding non-life

threatening injuries such as fracture of the arms. The purpose of the project was to

study the injury mechanisms for the upper extremity in car crashes, and the aim has

been to propose methods to reduce the injuries. The project focuses on adult

occupants inside the vehicles front seat, and frontal and side impacts. The procedure

began with understanding and identifying the injury mechanisms. Studies show that

most fractures occur on the forearm (radius and ulna) and on the wrists and hands.

To determine which injury mechanisms that were most frequent, data were collected

from 29 computer simulations with 29 different crash scenarios. The most common

kind of impact was the medial part of the wrist in the central part of the instrument

panel, combined with the impact of the elbow in the center consol. The results of the

simulations created a basis for the method of the component test, with focus on the

injury mechanism i.e. the forward movement of the arms into the instrument panel.

The component test consisted of a test rig, on which was mounted with a measuring

arm of a 50th percentile male dummy. The arm dropped into a block of expanded

polypropylene (EPP-block) for observation and study, and with following variable

parameters: the impact angle of the surface, velocity and position of the wrist. Then

also an instrumented measuring arm from a 5th percentile female dummy was

released into an instrument panel.

The project contributes to knowledge about the injury mechanism of the upper

extremity in car crashes. The most frequent injury mechanism is a forward movement

of the arms resulting in an impact with the interior structure of the car. The most

frequent injured region is the distal part of the upper extremity. The project has

developed and suggested the first step to a test method for the specific injury

mechanism. There is a need of more research on how impact angles and velocity

affect the violence on the arm.

We got in touch with a company in Halmstad with a history of having theises inconnection with the mechanical engineering programs at Halmstad University. Asa response to the availability to a thesis we got a proposal to develop an earlierthesis that the company has had with them. Upon further investigation of thethesis, we decided with the company that a full trailer would be constructed. Ourreport includes our steps to develop a concept design of a trailer. All the essentialsteps we have taken are described in the report, from the conceptual stage to thepoint where you’re able to produce a prototype. We started with the regulationsand standards that exist in the subject, these are closer mentioned in the report.The result of the thesis is a concept design for a trailer, we do believe there isopportunity for further growth, especially through the development of a prototype

This report is a 7.5hp thesis at the CAD-technicians programme at Halmstad University.

The group has been asked by the company National Gummi AB in Trönninge to develop a winder for large rubber profiles. Employees roll down rubber profiles in a pallet by hand which can wear out employees backs due to the weight of the rubber profiles.

The quality of the cylinder liner surface is of great importance due to its impact on the fuel/oil consumption and emissions of the internal combustion engine. A good liner function depends on the size and distribution of the deep honing grooves and the amount of the cold work material (Blechmantel) left inside the grooves after finishing. A fast evaluation of these features requires optical three-dimensional measurements with a large area and good resolution, but many interferometers used today have limited resolution when measuring larger areas. To find out how the measurement size and resolution would affect the quantification and the variation of the parameters, two objectives, 2.5 ×  and 10 × , were used for measuring a cylinder liner from a truck engine. The Blechmantel was of special interest as it first comes into contact with piston/rings, detaches as particles and wears the running surfaces. The 2.5 ×  objective showed more robust assessment than the 10 ×  one, manifested by a lower coefficient of variation for the parameters describing the features: Blechmantel, groove width and height, groove balance and number of grooves. This means that fewer measurements are required if a 2.5 ×  objective is used in production and hence the time and cost of the liner would be decreased. © 2014 IOP Publishing Ltd.

The purpose of this project was to design an adjustable gutter bracket for Lindab Profil AB. Lindab currently manufacture a gutter bracket that is adjustable in angle, however, this model has some drawbacks.  One of it´s shortcomings is that it is somewhat difficult for the customer to mount.  Another problem with Lindab’s current model is that the design makes manufacturing unnecessarily complex. The new gutter bracket, that we have constructed, does not have these problems. It is adjustable for different roof pitches. It is easy to mount to the fascia board and the manufacturing process has been simplified as well.

In the project we have used a design methodology developed by Fredy Olsson.  In addition to designing the product we have performed FEM analysis, to ensure that it will endure  loads and stress.  We have used the CAD software Catia v5 for this, and for the 3d models. Drawings are attached to  the document.

Abstract

In year 2011 95 people drowned, that is an increase of 16 persons from 2010. Drowning in connection with boats is the most common cause and in year 2010 29 persons died in connection with boats.

When rescue crew arrive to an scene of accident with a capsized boat they must improvise the rescue. It is very important that they turn the capsized boat to the right keel in order to secure that no one is stuck under the boat. The rescue crew cannot leave an abandoned boat out on the sea because it can cause new accidents and to tow a boat on the wrong keel is very difficult.

TELF is a tool that facilitate the rescue with capsized boats. With TELF the rescue crew do not have to improvise the rescue work, they know directly what to do. TELF throws over the capsized boat and with the rescue boat as a counterforce they can drag the boat to its right keel again.

TELF is designed to a turn capsized boats to its right keel, but it can also be used to drag a burning boat out from the harbour to avoid other boats from catching the fire. With TELF the rescue crew can feel secure, they do not have to improvise the rescue work, now they know directly what to do. 

Arbetet innefattar en konceptgenerering av en tredje stolsrad och om dess anpassning till plattformen CMA (Compact Modular Architecture) 1.5. Konceptgenereringen av produkten täcker områdena konstruktion, tillämpning, hållfasthetsberäkning, materialval samt hur produkten slutligen skall monteras i karossen. Målet var att med hjälp av en benchmarkanalys konstruera ett underlag för uppdragsgivaren CEVT AB att vidareutveckla för att sedan kunna tillämpa lösningen som ett tillval i framtida bilar.  Projektet resulterade i ett koncept med 5 komponenter som är anpassade utefter den utformning som fanns på plattformen idag. För att möjliggöra en tillämpning resulterade projektet också i en ändring av uppdragsgivarens befintliga förstärkningar som då också stärker projektgruppens konstruktion.  Resultatet konstruerades och beräknades i CATIA V5 som sedan har renderats i Keyshot 8 för en visuell presentation av arbetet.

Detta arbete innefattar en allmän jämförande studie kring materialval för personbilarsbränsletankar, en framtagning av ett tankkoncept samt en analys av kravlistor.Materialen som studeras är plast och stål, närmare sagt sexlagrig HDP E (Hög-densitetpolyeten) plast med EVOH (Etylenvinylalkohol) lager och en stålplåt vars egenskaperhar tagit utgångspunkt i ett genomsnittligt utförande som speglar en generell bild avvanligt använda material. Arbetet resulterar i en presentation av ett färdigttankkoncept som utnyttjar speciella möjligheter vilka uppstår vid plåtanvändningtillsammans med för- och nackdelar kring de olika materialvalen. Även en bilaga medförslag på kravändringar tillkommer arbetet.

This

report

is

a

thesis

for

the

Technicians

in

Computer

Aided

Design

program

at

Halmstad

University.

The

group

has

developed

a

milling

machine

mainly

used

for

fiber

boards,

on

behalf

of

Johan

Wretborn.

Computer-based design analysis is nowadays of utmost importance in most engineering design projects. However, this brings some challenges, among them that of the collaboration between engineering designers and design analysts. Since they work with, and are responsible for, different areas, they do not necessarily have full insight into each other’s way of working. The issue of integration between the design analysis process and the engineering design process is thus of major significance for providing an increase in efficiency and effectiveness in engineering design and development of products. In this work, an approach is proposed aiming at providing this increase in efficiency and effectiveness. Based on the analysis of the information workflow between the engineering design process and the design analysis process, a mapping of the necessary interactions between engineering designers and design analysts can be made. The presented approach facilitates this mapping. An application of this approach to an industrial project is also presented.

The findings from a survey in industry and from an extensive literature survey revealed the need for the development of an integrated process model for computer-based design analysis (CBDA) facilitating the interactions in the engineering design process in mechanical engineering on an operational level. CBDA is here confined to the utilization of advanced computational methods and tools from computer aided engineering (CAE), such as computational structural mechanics (CSM), computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and multi-body systems (MBS). In order to facilitate integration to the multitude of engineering design process models in industrial practice, including overall processes such as product innovation and product development, the process model needs to be adaptive and generic. Generic should here be interpreted as not being dependent on any specific type of product, engineering design process, or on any specific type of product innovation and/or product development process models utilized by an enterprise. Resulting from synthesis processes based on the findings from surveys and experiences gained from design analysis projects in industrial practice, the generic design analysis process (GDA) model was developed. The application of the GDA process model is exemplified by four examples, which have been utilized for validation of the process model.

In the large majority of product development projects, computer-based design analyses are performed to assess the feasibility of potential technical solutions. As a first step to bring about a deeper understanding of the interactions between the engineering design and the design analysis activities, a survey has been performed in industry. The results of the survey cover: the use of design analysis within product development, the interactions of engineering design along the design analysis process, and the treatment of uncertainties and errors connected to the design analysis activities.

In most industrial product development projects, computer-based design analysis, or simply design analysis, is frequently utilized. Several design analysis process models exist in the literature for the planning, execution and follow-up of such design analysis tasks. Most of these process models deal explicitly with design analysis tasks within two specific contexts: the context of design evaluation, and the context of design optimization. There are, however, several more contexts within which design analysis tasks are executed. Originating from industrial practice, four contexts were found to represent a significant part of all design analysis tasks in industry. These are:

1. Explorative analysis, aiming at the determination of important design parameters associated with an existing or predefined design solution (of which design optimization is a part).

2. Evaluation, aiming at giving quantitative information on specific design parameters in support of further design decisions.

3. Physical testing, aiming at validating design analysis models through physical testing, that is, determining the degree to which models are accurate representations of the real world from the perspective of the intended uses of the models.

4. Method development, that is the development, verification and validation of specific guidelines, procedures or templates for the design analyst and/or the engineering designer to follow when performing a design analysis task.

A design analysis process model needs to be able to deal with at least these four. In this work, a process model named the generic design analysis (GDA) process model, is applied to these four contexts. The principles for the adaptation of the GDA process model to different contexts are described. The use of the GDA process model in these contexts is exemplified with industrial cases: explorative analysis of design parameters of a bumper beam system, the final physical acceptance tests of a device transportation system (collision test, drop test, vibration test), and the method development of a template for analyzing a valve in a combustion engine. The "Evaluation" context is not exemplified as it is the most common one in industry.

The GDA process model has been successfully used for the four contexts. Using the adaptation principles and industrial cases, the adaptation of the GDA process model to additional contexts is also possible. © 2017 by ASME

Människans anatomi och fysiologi har inte genomgått större förändringar på 50 000 år, under de senare århundradena har dock enorma förändringar av människans fysiska aktivitet skett. På senare tid har stillasittande seglat upp som en oberoende riskfaktor skiljt från rekommendationer om motion. Att lyfta stillasittande till lågintensiv fysisk aktivitet så som gående, anses vara den största möjligheten för att förebygga riskerna (så som diabetes, hjärt- och kärlsjukdomar mm) till följd av långvarigt stillasittande.

Problematiken togs upp i ett utvecklingsprojekt inom hälsoinnovation med syfte att öka muskelaktivering i vardagsmiljö, där aspekten att aktuella produkter är individuella, men problematiken finns på gruppnivå framkom. Deltagarna i projektet var utöver Linus Ståhl och Andrea Cardenbäck även Torbjörn Eriksson, som tillsammans med Simon Kriborg skapade detta examensarbete med inriktning på arbetsmiljö. Examensarbetet avsåg att visa hur ansvaret för att inte guida in människor i ohälsosamt stillasittande, kan ligga på den befintliga miljön.

Examensarbetet inleddes i egen regi men knöt snabbt samarbetsavtal med Hälsoteknikcentrum Halland. Projektet har genomförts på bred front där såväl detektion av sittande, databehandling, återkoppling behandlats genom litteraturstudier, iterativ produktutvecklingsmetodik med 6-3-5 metoden, Pughs utvärderingsmatris samt avslutande prototypbygge, där delar genomförts tillsammans med samarbetspartnern Bosbec. Då delar av projektet legat utanför Projektgruppens (PG) scope of practice har förankring av införskaffad information inom områdena verifierats genom intervjuer med verksamma inom respektive område. Vidare har användarinvolvering skett genom projektets gång i olika former.

Resultatet av projektets ena del är en föreslagen vägghängd återkopplande produkt, med upplyst sittande person i olika färger för att spegla risknivån av fortsatt sittande av individerna i gruppen. Vid rekommendation om att gruppen bör avbryta det kollektiva sittandet, tänds även en efter arbetsmiljöverkets föreskrifter utformad påbudsskylt föreställande en person resandes från en stol. Vid färgskiftningarna spelas även ett ljud upp för att kunna involvera fler grupper. Resultatet av den andra del är egentillverkade sittsensorer med bra upplevd respons, speciellt i förhållande till deras kostnadseffektivitet som väckt intresse hos samarbetspartner för fler eventuella tillämpningsområden inom hälsotekniksområdet. Ett usability test utfördes på en första enkel prototyp utan ljudåterkoppling i form av en cognitive walkthrough (CW) med resultatet att testdeltagarna förstod skylten och hur deras beteende påverkade återkopplingen. Med kostnadseffektiva sensorer och initialt testad och förbättrad återkopplande produkt med ljus och ljud, har presenterad produkt potential att lyfta medvetenheten om risker med stillasittande.