The potential of analytical techniques based on molecular imprinting is reviewed from the viewpoint of bio- and pharmaceutical analysis. A literature study shows that molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have been implemented predominantly in three areas of interest to pharmaceutical industry laboratories. First, in sample preparation, imprinted polymers are used as the sorbent for solid phase extraction purposes. Secondly, MIPs serve as the stationary phase for analytical chromatographic and electrophoretic separations. Thirdly, imprinted polymers are utilised as analyte recognition materials in affinity assays. The advantages of MIPs, e.g., physical robustness, high strength, resistance to elevated temperatures and pressures, and inertness towards acids, bases, metal ions and organic solvents, have been well exploited in a large number of applications. This article focuses on how these benefits may be used for improving the quality of analytical procedures. Some key MIP disadvantages are also highlighted, especially in relation to other analytical techniques. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.