This book asks whether foreign aid can help post-communist societies to steer their technological innovation systems in more environmentally sound directions. Mikael Sandberg examines the legacy of Soviet-type innovation systems, then looks at opportunities for greener innovations in post-communist Poland, considering: * institutional transformation and environmental investment incentives* the persistence and spread of the first environmental aid projects* the adoption of national environment policies and the role of aid in their implementation* evidence of changing innovation systems in Central and Eastern Europe