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Slag level detection in EAFs using microwave technology
MEFOS, Luleå, Sweden.
Halmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science, Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design (MTEK).ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4826-019X
1999 (English)In: Scandinavian journal of metallurgy, ISSN 0371-0459, E-ISSN 1600-0692, Vol. 28, no 6, p. 266-276Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Within the metallurgical industry as well as the underground mine industry, there is a need for on-line level detection in the different production processes and their material feeding systems. Microwave technology is a versatile, non-invasive measurement technique, which has a number of advantages compared with penetrating probes, laser and radar technology, and echo sound technique. In its extension, it could also be used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of waste gases due to the presence of specific molecules. This contribution describes the introduction of microwave technology in different metallurgical as well as underground mine production processes with the emphasis on EAF's.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Blackwell Publishing Ltd. , 1999. Vol. 28, no 6, p. 266-276
Keywords [en]
Steelmaking, Electric furnace steel, Molten steel, Molten slag, Iron steel industry, Position measurement, Experimental study
National Category
Materials Engineering Earth and Related Environmental Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-1863ISI: 000085419300005Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-0343962620Local ID: 2082/2258OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hh-1863DiVA, id: diva2:239081
Available from: 2008-09-09 Created: 2008-09-09 Last updated: 2022-09-13Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Innovative Contact Free Sensors for Metallurgical Process Control
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Innovative Contact Free Sensors for Metallurgical Process Control
2003 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The steel- and metal industry has an extensive production processing comprising many different process steps of solid, gaseous and liquid nature. Thus it is obvious that a number of different measurement technologies must be used to collect and evaluate key physical parameters which are necessary to control the production processes. In this respect, the software to monitor the processes have, during the past decade, undergone extensive improvement whilst the sensors reading off the instantaneous process status have not and are still afflicted with severe drawbacks.

This situation, in combination with increased demands on energy savings and rules regarding reduction of green house gas emission (the Kyoto protocol), has created incentives for the development and implementation of new technologies to monitor and control production processes in the steel and metal industry.

The objectives in this thesis are to develop and evaluate sensor technology that can be used for in-situ on line analysis of metallurgical processes.

The work is divided into:

- To test and evaluate microwave technology for on line slag analysis.

- To design, develop and evaluate microwave sensors for off gas analysis.

- To evaluate laser sensors for simultaneous analysis of the process environment in metallurgical processes with emphasis on measuring the oxygen concentration and temperature in a steel reheating furnace

During the work on slag a broad band antenna was used for the microwave investigations on solid and liquid slag. The results show that it is possible to evaluate a refractive index for both solid and liquid slag. The results also show that there is a weak correlation between the refractive index for liquid slag and slag basicity.

Trials on off gases from a pilot process as well as a full scale metallurgical production processes have been performed with microwave technology. The instrument used for the microwave trials has been developed from individual components. The results show that it is possible to use the technology for process analysis however the data collected regarding individual spectral lines still remain to be correlated to known molecular frequencies.

Laser technology for gas analysis is a known technology in many different industrial applications. However, using the technology in steel and metal production processes requires that the technology must be adapted to the environment specific to those processes. Trials on a pilot process has been performed to find a suitable set of O2 absorption line parameters to be used during the forthcoming trials of full scale production processes. The outcome of these trials clearly show that the TDLAS technology can be used successfully on reheating furnaces but have a limited application potential on the LD converter process as well as the EAF.

The benefit of the presented work will on production scale contribute to a lowered emission of green house gases, lowered energy consumption and an improved production yield.

Abstract [sv]

Utveckling av beröringsfri teknik för att styra och kontrollera metallurgiska hög temperatur processer. Befintlig teknik kräver kontakt med mediet av intresse vilket medför att överlevnadstiden för probar och sensorer är kort. I den har avhandlingen beskrivs arbetet med att utveckla och ta i bruk beröringsfri mätteknik för övervakning och kontroll av metallurgiska framställningsprocesser med hjälp av mikrovågsteknik samt laserteknik(TDLAS.)

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Lund: Lund University, 2003. p. 75
Keywords
microwave spectroscopy, laser, TDLAS, high temperature, gas, slag
National Category
Mechanical Engineering Materials Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-722 (URN)2082/1071 (Local ID)91-628-5891-2 (ISBN)2082/1071 (Archive number)2082/1071 (OAI)
Public defence
2003-12-10, Wigforssalen, Halmstad, 10:15 (English)
Opponent
Note

Lund report on atomic physics, 311, [Paper A] Slag level detection in EAF’s using microwave technology, [Paper B] Waste Gas Analysis With Microwave Technology, [Paper C] On-Line Gas Analysis Using Microwave Technology, [Paper D] Preliminary microwave measurements on liquid slag, [Paper E] In-Situ Monitoring of Oxygen Concentration and Gas Temperature in a Metallurgical Process by Using Diode Laser Spectroscopy, [Paper F] In-Situ Monitoring of Oxygen Concentration and Gas Temperature in a Metallurgical Process by Using Diode Laser Spectroscopy_revPaper, [Paper G] On-line and in situ monitoring of oxygen and gas temperature in a reheating furnace utilizing tunable diode-laser spectroscopy, [Paper H] Combustion Control Using An IR Diode Laser,

Available from: 2007-06-11 Created: 2007-06-11 Last updated: 2022-09-13Bibliographically approved

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Malmberg, DonaldBååth, Lars B.

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