This literature review was conducted to identify strategies that lead to increased reading comprehension by addressing the research question “What cognitive and practical strategies are presented in research to increase students' reading comprehension in elementary school?”.Reading comprehension is crucial for students in school as well as for people in general. The study applied language didactic research. The central concepts started with reading comprehension, strategies, and decoding, which gradually led to a deeper understanding of the concepts. Data collection was done through searches in the ERIC database (ProQuest interface) using our keywords. The searches were conducted in English but have been translated into Swedish for this literature review. Data processing involved coding, thematization, and compilation of scientific articles and theses. The results were analyzed by presenting the conclusions of the articles, which were then discussed in relation to each other. The analysis of the results showed that decoding played a crucial role in the development of reading comprehension in primary school and therefore became an implication for future research. Additionally, it was found that a single strategy does not work in isolation but in combination with others. Therefore, we conclude that decoding has a positive impact as the foundation for improved reading comprehension when used in combination with other strategies as a method.