The article discusses the suggestion that the true clash between Western and Islamic civilizations is in the field of sexuality. Islamic morals and values regarding sex are elaborated on the basis of Islamic sources and related to the context of Swedish sexual liberalism. What conflicts can be found in questions regarding how to meet a partner for sex and/or marriage, who can be chosen as a partner, and the forced, arranged and early marriages? The sexual rights of the husband and the sexual duities of the wife are problematized. The article critically discusses the Islamic view of forbidden sexual relations and behaviour. The different understandings of sexuality are articulated in social problems such as honour-related violence, individual feelings of shame, objections to sex education in Swedish schools and the sexualization of children.