Russian sport psychology history covers a bit over a century including the pre-Soviet, the Soviet, and the post-Soviet macro-periods divided by formation of the Soviet Union in 1922, and its disintegration in 1991. In the context of this symposium focusing on the Soviet period is the most relevant. Based on several publications on history and contributions of Russian/Soviet sport psychology (Ryba & Stambulova, 2016; Ryba, Stambulova, & Wrisberg, 2005; 2009; Stambulova, Wrisberg, & Ryba, 2006; Stambulova, 1999; Stambulova, Stambulov, & Johnson, 2012) and my lived historical knowledge from three-decade professional career in the Soviet Union/Russia, I am going to elaborate on: (1) specific context for development of the Soviet sport psychology (closed and centralized country driven by the communist ideology, politicized elite sport, state support to sport and sport sciences), (2) major organizational developments (national sport psychology forums and organizations, “complex scientific groups” serving national teams, collaboration and leadership within socialist block countries, ensuring representation in FEPSAC and ISSP), and (3) original and culturally infused sport psychology frameworks for research and applied work: volitional preparation in sport (Puni, 1973), psychological preparation for a competition (Puni, 1969), psychological support system for elite athletes (Gorbunov, 1986), and psychological control system (Kiselev, 1989). These frameworks can be seen as “a prologue” to development of several contemporary sport psychology topics (e.g., mental toughness, resilience, and adversity training, competition planning and self-regulation, athletes’ assessment/monitoring systems), and Soviet leadership in applied work (in the 1970s-1980s) served as “a wake-up call” for sport psychologists in Western countries.