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Enabling internal electronic circuitry within additively manufactured metal structures - the effect and importance of inter-laminar topography
Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China & The Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom.
The Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom.
chool of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.
Max IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0480-4079
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2018 (English)In: Rapid prototyping journal, ISSN 1355-2546, E-ISSN 1758-7670, Vol. 24, no 1, p. 204-213Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Purpose

This paper aims to explore the potential of ultrasonic additive manufacturing (UAM) to incorporate the direct printing of electrical materials and arrangements (conductors and insulators) at the interlaminar interface of parts during manufacture to allow the integration of functional and optimal electrical circuitries inside dense metallic objects without detrimental effect on the overall mechanical integrity. This holds promise to release transformative device functionality and applications of smart metallic devices and products.

Design/methodology/approach

To ensure the proper electrical insulation between the printed conductors and metal matrices, an insulation layer with sufficient thickness is required to accommodate the rough interlaminar surface which is inherent to the UAM process. This in turn increases the total thickness of printed circuitries and thereby adversely affects the integrity of the UAM part. A specific solution is proposed to optimise the rough interlaminar surface through deforming the UAM substrates via sonotrode rolling or UAM processing.

Findings

The surface roughness (Sa) could be reduced from 4.5 to 4.1 µm by sonotrode rolling and from 4.5 to 0.8 µm by ultrasonic deformation. Peel testing demonstrated that sonotrode-rolled substrates could maintain their mechanical strength, while the performance of UAM-deformed substrates degraded under same welding conditions ( approximately 12 per cent reduction compared with undeformed substrates). This was attributed to the work hardening of deformation process which was identified via dual-beam focussed ion beam–scanning electron microscope investigation.

Originality/value

The sonotrode rolling was identified as a viable methodology in allowing printed electrical circuitries in UAM. It enabled a decrease in the thickness of printed electrical circuitries by ca. 25 per cent. © Emerald Publishing Limited

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2018. Vol. 24, no 1, p. 204-213
Keywords [en]
Topography, 3D printing, Aluminium alloy, Grain refinement, Mechanical strength, Ultrasonic additive manufacturing (UAM)
National Category
Embedded Systems
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-37843DOI: 10.1108/RPJ-08-2016-0135ISI: 000424638800023Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85041829798OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hh-37843DiVA, id: diva2:1247274
Available from: 2018-09-11 Created: 2018-09-11 Last updated: 2018-09-25Bibliographically approved

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Friel, R. J.

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