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Musculoskeletal pain and its association with maturity and sports performance in 14-year-old sport school students
Halmstad University, School of Business, Innovation and Sustainability, The Rydberg Laboratory for Applied Sciences (RLAS). Spenshult Research and Development Center, Halmstad, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9918-461X
Halmstad University, School of Business, Innovation and Sustainability, The Rydberg Laboratory for Applied Sciences (RLAS). Malmö Sports Academy, Malmö, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9337-5113
The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden & Lund University, Lund, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6294-538X
Halmstad University, School of Business, Innovation and Sustainability, The Rydberg Laboratory for Applied Sciences (RLAS). Lund University, Lund, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8081-579X
2018 (English)In: BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine, ISSN 2055-7647, Vol. 4, no 1, article id e000395Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Objectives: In youth sports, musculoskeletal pain is often studied from the standpoint of sports injuries, but little is known about pain conditions in which athletes still participate. The aim was to study the frequency of pain and associations with maturity offset, health status and sports performance in 14-year-old sport school students.

Methods: Cross-sectional design. One hundred and seventy-eight students (108 boys and 70 girls) completed anthropometric measures for maturity offset (height, weight and sitting height), questionnaires (pain mannequin and EQ-5D for health status) and sports performance tests (sprint, agility, counter-movement jump and grip strength). Differences between groups were analysed with Student’s t-test and analysis of covariance.

Results: Thirty-one students (18.6%) reported infrequent pain, 85 (50.9%) frequent pain and 51 (30.5%) constant pain. Students in the constant pain group had worse health status than those in the infrequent pain group. Boys with constant pain (n=27) had a lower mean maturity offset (–0.38 vs 0.07 years; p=0.03) than boys with infrequent pain (n=22), and pain was associated with worse sports performance. There was no difference in maturity or sports performance between girls with constant pain (n=24) and girls with infrequent pain (n=9).

Conclusion: Musculoskeletal pain is common in sport school students and coincides with worse health status and with a younger biological age in boys. The high prevalence of pain should be acknowledged by coaches and student healthcare workers in order to promote a healthy and sustainable development in young athletes. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2018.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
London: BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. Vol. 4, no 1, article id e000395
National Category
Health Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-37488DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000395ISI: 000596798200097Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85050373874OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hh-37488DiVA, id: diva2:1230702
Note

Funding: Halmstad University; Spenshult Research and Development Center, Halmstad; Region Halland (grant numbers HALLAND-469111 and HALLAND-639101); and the Mayflower Charity Foundation, Sweden.

Available from: 2018-07-04 Created: 2018-07-04 Last updated: 2023-10-05Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Pain and health in adolescents and young adults – pieces of a puzzle
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Pain and health in adolescents and young adults – pieces of a puzzle
2020 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Background: Musculoskeletal pain is a burden for the individual and for society, and it has a negative impact on overall health. The biological, psychological, and social factors that govern pain and health form a complex puzzle to put together. Musculoskeletal pain conditions may be alleviated by physical activity, but a too high level of physical activity may also increase the risk of pain. Youth athletes may be especially vulnerable to developing pain due to factors related to training load and physical maturity. Being physically active and maintaining a healthy diet is associated with better health, but if carried out to excess these health behaviours may become unhealthy. Our understanding of musculoskeletal pain and health in adolescents and young adults needs to be developed, both in individuals involved in sports and exercise and in the general population.

Aim: The overall aim was to study musculoskeletal pain and its relationship to various health-related factors in adolescents and young adults enrolled in sport or general education programmes.

Methods: Study I was a cross-sectional study on university students (aged 19–29) from an exercise science programme (n = 118) and a business programme (n = 89), assessing health status, physical activity, and orthorexia nervosa (an exaggerated fixation on healthy food). Study II was a cross-sectional study (n = 178), and Study III a 2-year longitudinal (n = 131) study on sport school students (aged 14 at baseline), assessing musculoskeletal pain, health status, physical maturity, and sports performance. Study IV was a 3-year longitudinal study on students from a general upper secondary school (n = 256, aged 16 at baseline), assessing chronic musculoskeletal pain, health status, physical activity, sleep, stress, anxiety, and depression.

Results: In Study I, compared to business students, exercise science students reported more pain, but better general health. A high level of physical activity in combination with orthorexia nervosa was most prevalent in men from the exercise science programme. In Studies II and III, pain was common in sport school students. At baseline, boys with constant pain were not as physically mature as boys with infrequent pain. Students with constant pain reported a worse health status than students with infrequent pain. At follow-up, frequent pain, frequent pain in two or more body regions, and a worse health status at baseline were identified as risk factors for having frequent pain at follow-up in girls. For boys, late physical maturation at baseline was a risk factor. Involvement in non-contact sports was also an identified risk factor over time in both sexes. Pain was associated with a worse sports performance in boys at both baseline and follow-up. In Study IV, chronic musculoskeletal pain was common in students from a general upper secondary school. A worse health status, severe sleeping problems, anxiety, and chronic musculoskeletal pain at baseline were associated with reporting chronic musculoskeletal pain at follow-up.

Conclusions: Pain was prevalent, and also persistent, in adolescents and young adults, irrespective of attending sport or general education programmes. Pain is a biopsychosocial phenomenon and must be treated as such. Pain should be frequently monitored, and treatment should be introduced early on to prevent pain from becoming persistent.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Halmstad: Halmstad University Press, 2020. p. 113
Series
Halmstad University Dissertations ; 73
Keywords
musculoskeletal pain, health status, physical activity, orthorexia nervosa, sports, sleep, stress, anxiety, depression, physical maturity, students, school, biopsychosocial
National Category
Health Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-43044 (URN)978-91-88749-54-3 (ISBN)978-91-88749-55-0 (ISBN)
Public defence
2020-10-09, Baertlingsalen, Visionen (hus J), Kristian IV:s väg 3, Halmstad, 13:00 (Swedish)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2020-09-08 Created: 2020-09-04 Last updated: 2021-03-26Bibliographically approved

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Malmborg, Julia SOlsson, M CharlotteBergman, StefanBremander, Ann

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