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Evaluation of Self-Organized Approach for Predicting Compressor Faults in a City Bus Fleet
Halmstad University, School of Information Technology, Halmstad Embedded and Intelligent Systems Research (EIS), CAISR - Center for Applied Intelligent Systems Research.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3034-6630
Halmstad University, School of Information Technology, Halmstad Embedded and Intelligent Systems Research (EIS), Intelligent Systems´ laboratory.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7796-5201
Halmstad University, School of Information Technology, Halmstad Embedded and Intelligent Systems Research (EIS), CAISR - Center for Applied Intelligent Systems Research.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5163-2997
2015 (English)In: Procedia Computer Science, E-ISSN 1877-0509, Vol. 53, p. 447-456Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Managing the maintenance of a commercial vehicle fleet is an attractive application domain of ubiquitous knowledge discovery. Cost effective methods for predictive maintenance are progressively demanded in the automotive industry. The traditional diagnostic paradigm that requires human experts to define models is not scalable to today's vehicles with hundreds of computing units and thousands of control and sensor signals streaming through the on-board controller area network. A more autonomous approach must be developed. In this paper we evaluate the performance of the COSMO approach for automatic detection of air pressure related faults on a fleet of city buses. The method is both generic and robust. Histograms of a single pressure signal are collected and compared across the fleet and deviations are matched against workshop maintenance and repair records. It is shown that the method can detect several of the cases when compressors fail on the road, well before the failure. The work is based on data from a three year long field study involving 19 buses operating in and around a city on the west coast of Sweden. © The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2015. Vol. 53, p. 447-456
Keywords [en]
Vehicle diagnostics, predictive maintenance, fault detection, self-organizing systems
National Category
Signal Processing Information Systems
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-29240DOI: 10.1016/j.procs.2015.07.322ISI: 000360311000051Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-84939156791OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hh-29240DiVA, id: diva2:847249
Conference
INNS Conference on Big Data, San Francisco, CA, USA, 8-10 August, 2015
Projects
In4Uptime
Funder
VINNOVAAvailable from: 2015-08-19 Created: 2015-08-19 Last updated: 2022-02-10Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. A Self-Organized Fault Detection Method for Vehicle Fleets
Open this publication in new window or tab >>A Self-Organized Fault Detection Method for Vehicle Fleets
2016 (English)Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

A fleet of commercial heavy-duty vehicles is a very interesting application arena for fault detection and predictive maintenance. With a highly digitized electronic system and hundreds of sensors mounted on-board a modern bus, a huge amount of data is generated from daily operations.

This thesis and appended papers present a study of an autonomous framework for fault detection, using the data gathered from the regular operation of vehicles. We employed an unsupervised deviation detection method, called Consensus Self-Organising Models (COSMO), which is based on the concept of ‘wisdom of the crowd’. It assumes that the majority of the group is ‘healthy’; by comparing individual units within the group, deviations from the majority can be considered as potentially ‘faulty’. Information regarding detected anomalies can be utilized to prevent unplanned stops.

This thesis demonstrates how knowledge useful for detecting faults and predicting failures can be autonomously generated based on the COSMO method, using different generic data representations. The case study in this work focuses on vehicle air system problems of a commercial fleet of city buses. We propose an approach to evaluate the COSMO method and show that it is capable of detecting various faults and indicates upcoming air compressor failures. A comparison of the proposed method with an expert knowledge based system shows that both methods perform equally well. The thesis also analyses the usage and potential benefits of using the Echo State Network as a generic data representation for the COSMO method and demonstrates the capability of Echo State Network to capture interesting characteristics in detecting different types of faults.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Halmstad: Halmstad University Press, 2016. p. 116
Series
Halmstad University Dissertations ; 27
National Category
Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-32489 (URN)978-91-87045-57-8 (ISBN)978-91-87045-56-1 (ISBN)
Presentation
2016-12-16, Halda, Kristian IV:s väg 3, 301 18 Halmstad, Halmstad, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Projects
In4Uptime
Funder
VINNOVA
Available from: 2016-11-28 Created: 2016-11-25 Last updated: 2016-11-28Bibliographically approved
2. Wisdom of the Crowd for Fault Detection and Prognosis
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Wisdom of the Crowd for Fault Detection and Prognosis
2020 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Monitoring and maintaining the equipment to ensure its reliability and availability is vital to industrial operations. With the rapid development and growth of interconnected devices, the Internet of Things promotes digitization of industrial assets, to be sensed and controlled across existing networks, enabling access to a vast amount of sensor data that can be used for condition monitoring. However, the traditional way of gaining knowledge and wisdom, by the expert, for designing condition monitoring methods is unfeasible for fully utilizing and digesting this enormous amount of information. It does not scale well to complex systems with a huge amount of components and subsystems. Therefore, a more automated approach that relies on human experts to a lesser degree, being capable of discovering interesting patterns, generating models for estimating the health status of the equipment, supporting maintenance scheduling, and can scale up to many equipment and its subsystems, will provide great benefits for the industry. 

This thesis demonstrates how to utilize the concept of "Wisdom of the Crowd", i.e. a group of similar individuals, for fault detection and prognosis. The approach is built based on an unsupervised deviation detection method, Consensus Self-Organizing Models (COSMO). The method assumes that the majority of a crowd is healthy; individual deviates from the majority are considered as potentially faulty. The COSMO method encodes sensor data into models, and the distances between individual samples and the crowd are measured in the model space. This information, regarding how different an individual performs compared to its peers, is utilized as an indicator for estimating the health status of the equipment. The generality of the COSMO method is demonstrated with three condition monitoring case studies: i) fault detection and failure prediction for a commercial fleet of city buses, ii) prognosis for a fleet of turbofan engines and iii) finding cracks in metallic material. In addition, the flexibility of the COSMO method is demonstrated with: i) being capable of incorporating domain knowledge on specializing relevant expert features; ii) able to detect multiple types of faults with a generic data- representation, i.e. Echo State Network; iii) incorporating expert feedback on adapting reference group candidate under an active learning setting. Last but not least, this thesis demonstrated that the remaining useful life of the equipment can be estimated from the distance to a crowd of peers. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Halmstad: Halmstad University Press, 2020. p. 87
Series
Halmstad University Dissertations ; 67
National Category
Information Systems
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-41367 (URN)978-91-88749-43-7 (ISBN)978-91-88749-42-0 (ISBN)
Public defence
2020-01-31, J102 Wigforss, Kristian IV:s väg 3, Halmstad, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2020-01-14 Created: 2020-01-10 Last updated: 2021-01-12Bibliographically approved

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