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Sustainability reporting in construction and real estate sector: A conceptualization and a review of existing literature
Halmstad University, School of Business, Innovation and Sustainability. Södertörn University, Huddinge, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4243-2675
University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0309-0174
Halmstad University, School of Business, Innovation and Sustainability. Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3377-6177
2024 (English)In: Journal of Cleaner Production, ISSN 0959-6526, E-ISSN 1879-1786, Vol. 477, p. 1-13, article id 143886Article, review/survey (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Sustainability Reporting (SR) has become an essential task for accounting scholars where over the last 30 years, substantial developments in the academic literature on SR have been seen However, the research on SR in the Construction and Real Estate (CRE) sector is in a nascent stage. To develop insights into current academic work and future research dimensions of SR, this study conducts a conceptual literature review for the CRE sector. The search and selection phase were performed in April 2024 yielding 49 articles from Scopus and Web of Science. The focus is on identifying dominant and unexplored perspectives; identifying key concepts, and connections between them, as well as the theoretical lenses applied. The contributions of this study are sixfold, as follows. First, it reveals that the literature on SR in the CRE sector is interdisciplinary and publishing in both accounting and non-accounting journals. Second, prior literature on SR of CRE, includes four dominant perspectives; disclosure diversity, practical barriers, rationales, and drivers of SR. Third, only a few links between these perspectives are outlined. However, it is argued to explore the interrelated links in all four perspectives. Fourth, the studies utilize few theoretical lenses, usually combining two or more theories, whilst most studies do not use any theoretical lens. Fifth, the institutional perspective is neglected in the literature. The studies address what, why, and how questions while there is a need for further investigation of when, where, and who. Finally, the outcomes of this literature review contribute to existing knowledge on accounting for sustainability. This study illuminates the views of how accountability drives sustainability accounting and how formal and informal institutions, may have a mutually reinforcing effect. The results of this review shed light on the critical concepts and perspectives relevant to SR in the CRE sector, hence contributing fresh insights into current studies and providing valuable guidance for future research and practice. © 2024 The Authors.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2024. Vol. 477, p. 1-13, article id 143886
Keywords [en]
Sustainability Reporting, Construction and Real Estate sector, Institutions, Environmental, Social, Economic
National Category
Business Administration
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-54748DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.143886ISI: 001345620300001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85205976021OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hh-54748DiVA, id: diva2:1905762
Funder
The Lars Erik Lundberg Foundation for Research and Education
Note

See correction in vol. 478 

Available from: 2024-10-15 Created: 2024-10-15 Last updated: 2024-12-10Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Tides of Change and Non-change: Sustainability Reporting in Construction and Real-Estate Sector
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Tides of Change and Non-change: Sustainability Reporting in Construction and Real-Estate Sector
2024 (English)Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

In the recent decade, companies have increasingly been compelled to address social and environmental issues alongside financial concerns, emphasizing sustainability. This has resulted in a rapid increase in sustainability disclosures of corporate reports of public and private companies. Sustainability Reporting (SR) has emerged as a practice of communication between companies and society by publicly providing companies’ environmental, social, and economic performance. Research focusing on SR practice in the construction and real estate (CRE) sector is needed due to the sector´s features and attributes that are remarkably affecting the environment, society, and economy. Moreover, laws and regulations are evolving and ultimately have come for large and listed companies to report on non-financial information. However, there is a lack of sector specific studies especially in the CRE sector. On that account, the aim of this thesis is threefold: to explore the tides of change and non-change in the landscape of SR practices in the CRE sector; to explore the institutional forces that enable and/or constraint the transition towards SR in the CRE sector; and to formulate and develop a conceptual framework of SR in CRE sector. Two distinct studies were conducted to fulfill this aim: one entailed a comprehensive literature review to examine the existing knowledge in the field (Paper 1), while the other involved an empirical study (Paper 2). These qualitative document studies applied the content analysis technique, including a literature review, analysis of annual and sustainability reports, case companies’ websites, and other relevant public documents. This research is devised from the necessity to conduct sector specific studies as businesses in the same sector handle similar institutional forces, opportunities, and uncertainties, interact with similar stakeholders, and follow similar rules, hence providing comparable data. Considering that, the foundation of this research lies in the institutional theory and socio-institutional approach of transition management. This helps contextualize the institutional pressures identified by institutional theory within the specific organizational and industry contexts of the CRE sector. 

 

Moreover, understanding the enablers and/or constraints in the transition towards SR practices in the CRE sector reflects the influence of existing structures, norms, and power dynamics within institutional environments. The findings show that the external institutional forces (such as external stakeholders, legislative mandates, regulatory frameworks, benchmarking and ratings systems) and internal institutional forces (like internal stakeholders, organizational culture, norms, management systems, and moral codes based on social contracts and political believes) both enable and/or constraint CRE companies to report on sustainability. These institutional forces interact in complex ways, contributing to the evolving landscape of SR in the CRE sector as shown in the developed conceptual framework (Figure 7). Understanding the landscape of SR and effectively navigating these internal and external institutional forces could provide more strength to the enablers and could help to overcome the constraints. This study provides a comprehensive picture of SR practice in CRE for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners to understand the complexity and pave the way for a more sustainable and resilient future by taking collective actions and shared commitment.

Abstract [sv]

Under det senaste decenniet har företag i allt högre grad tvingats att rikta sitt fokus mot sociala och miljömässiga frågor vid sidan av ekonomiska, med grund i ett ökande fokus på hållbarhet. Detta har lett till en snabb ökning av hållbarhetsredovisning i företagsrapporter från både offentliga och privata företag. Hållbarhetsrapportering (SR) har framträtt som en praxis för kommunikation mellan företag och samhället genom att offentligt redovisa företagens miljömässiga, sociala och ekonomiska prestationer. Forskning som fokuserar på SR-praktiken inom bygg- och fastighetssektorn (CRE) är nödvändig på grund av sektorns egenskaper och attribut, som har en betydande inverkan på miljön, samhället och ekonomin. Dessutom utvecklas lagar och regler, vilket har lett till att stora och noterade företag måste rapportera icke-finansiell information. Dock saknas sektorsspecifika studier, särskilt inom CRE-sektorn. Mot den bakgrunden har den här avhandlingens mål trefaldigats: att utforska förändringarna och icke-förändringarna inom SR-praktiken i CRE-sektorn; att undersöka de institutionella krafter som möjliggör och/eller begränsar övergången till SR i CRE-sektorn för att visa sektorns beteende; och att formulera och utveckla ett konceptuellt ramverk för SR inom CRE-sektorn. Två distinkta studier har genomförts för att uppnå detta syfte: en omfattande litteraturöversikt för att granska befintlig kunskap inom området (Paper 1), och en empirisk studie (Paper 2). Dessa kvalitativa dokument studier tillämpade tekniken för innehållsanalys, inklusive en litteraturgenomgång, analys av års- och hållbarhetsrapporter, fallföretagens webbplatser samt andra relevanta offentliga dokument. Dessa bygger på behovet av att genomföra sektorsspecifika studier då företag inom samma sektor hanterar liknande institutionella krafter, möjligheter och osäkerheter, interagerar med liknande intressenter och följer liknande regler. Med det har i fokus ligger grunden för den har forskningen i institutionell teori och det socio-institutionella angreppssättet inom transitionshantering. Det här bidrar till att kontextualisera och identifiera de institutionella påtryckningar som finns inom de specifika organisatoriska och branschspecifika sammanhangen i CRE-sektorn. 

 

Vidare återspeglar förståelsen för de möjliggörande och/eller begränsande faktorerna inom CRE-sektorn påverkan av befintliga strukturer, normer och maktdynamik inom institutionella miljöer. Resultaten visar att externa institutionella krafter (såsom externa intressenter, lagstiftningsmandat, regleringsramverk, benchmarking- och betygssystem) och interna institutionella krafter (som interna intressenter, organisationskultur, normer, ledningssystem och moraliska koder baserade på sociala kontrakt och politiska övertygelser) både möjliggör och/eller begränsar CRE-företagens hållbarhetsrapportering. Dessa institutionella krafter samverkar på komplexa sätt och bidrar till det föränderliga landskapet för SR i CRE-sektorn, vilket visas i det utvecklade konceptuella ramverket (Figur 7). Att förstå SR-landskapet och effektivt navigera dessa interna och externa institutionella krafter kan stärka möjliggörarna och hjälpa till att övervinna begränsningarna. Denna studie ger en heltäckande bild av SR-praktiken inom CRE för forskare, beslutsfattare och praktiker för att förstå komplexiteten och bana väg för en mer hållbar och motståndskraftig framtid genom kollektiva åtgärder och gemensamt engagemang.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Halmstad: Halmstad University Press, 2024. p. 112
Series
Halmstad University Dissertations ; 121
Keywords
Sustainability Reporting, GRI, CSRD, Non-Financial Reporting, Social Contract, Swedish Real Estate Sector, Construction and Real Estate, Institutional Theory, Socio-Institutional Approach, EU Regulations, Institutional Forces, Innovation, Environmental, Social and Economic indicators
National Category
Economics and Business Business Administration
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-54813 (URN)978-91-89587-59-5 (ISBN)978-91-89587-58-8 (ISBN)
Presentation
2024-11-26, S1002, Kristian IV:s väg 3, Halmstad, 10:15 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2024-10-30 Created: 2024-10-30 Last updated: 2024-11-04Bibliographically approved

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Shahid, HiraJohansson, Jeaneth

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