hh.sePublications
Change search
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
Optimizing a Green and Sustainable Off-Grid Energy-System Design: A Real Case
Halmstad University, School of Business, Innovation and Sustainability.
Halmstad University, School of Business, Innovation and Sustainability.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7525-6954
Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6601-4235
King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Show others and affiliations
2023 (English)In: Sustainability, E-ISSN 2071-1050, Vol. 15, no 17, article id 12800Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

In recent years, unquestionable warnings like the negative effects of CO2 emissions, the necessity of utilizing sustainable energy sources, and the rising demand for municipal electrification have been issued. Therefore, users are encouraged to provide off-grid and sustainable energy systems for their own homes and businesses, especially if they are located rurally and far from grids. Hence, this study aims to design an off-grid hybrid energy system, in order to minimize both the baseline cost of energy and the net current expenditure in the desired system. To construct such a system, wind generators (WG), photovoltaic arrays (PV), battery banks, and bi-directional converters are considered in the real case of a supermarket with a 20-year lifespan in Malmö, Sweden. Some significant assumptions, such as the usage of renewable energy resources only, electricity production close to the business location, and a maximum allowance of 0.1% unmet are incorporated. To optimize the considered problem, a particle swarm optimization (PSO) approach as developed to provide the load requirements and establish the number of WGs, PVs, and other equipment. Moreover, to verify the obtained results, the developed system was simulated using HOMER Pro software, and the results are compared and discussed. The results indicated that the designed hybrid energy system is able to perform completely off-grid, while satisfying 99.9% of the yearly electricity demand. The best results obtained by the proposed PSO offered 160, 5, and 350 PVs, WGs, and batteries, respectively, while the best solution found by the simulation method was the use of 384 PVs, 5 WGs, and 189 batteries for the considered off-grid system. This study contributes to decentralized local electrification by utilizing renewable energy sources that have the potential to revolutionize green energy solutions. © 2023 by the authors.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Basel: MDPI, 2023. Vol. 15, no 17, article id 12800
Keywords [en]
particle swarm optimization, photovoltaic arrays, real-case problems, renewable energy, wind turbines
National Category
Energy Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-51651DOI: 10.3390/su151712800Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85170226434OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hh-51651DiVA, id: diva2:1812866
Available from: 2023-11-17 Created: 2023-11-17 Last updated: 2023-11-17Bibliographically approved

Open Access in DiVA

No full text in DiVA

Other links

Publisher's full textScopus

Authority records

Ottermo, Fredric

Search in DiVA

By author/editor
Ottermo, FredricNowzari, RahelehGhadiri Nejad, Mazyar
By organisation
School of Business, Innovation and Sustainability
In the same journal
Sustainability
Energy Engineering

Search outside of DiVA

GoogleGoogle Scholar

doi
urn-nbn

Altmetric score

doi
urn-nbn
Total: 60 hits
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf