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Wetland nitrogen removal from agricultural runoff in a changing climate
Halmstad University, School of Business, Innovation and Sustainability. Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7049-7444
Halmstad University, School of Business, Innovation and Sustainability.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5181-0391
Halmstad University, School of Business, Innovation and Sustainability.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1556-3861
2023 (English)In: Science of the Total Environment, ISSN 0048-9697, E-ISSN 1879-1026, Vol. 892, article id 164336Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Wetlands in agricultural areas mitigate eutrophication by intercepting nutrient transports from land to sea. The role of wetlands for nutrient removal may become even more important in the future because of the expected increase in agricultural runoff due to climate change. Because denitrification is temperature dependent, wetland nitrogen (N) removal usually peaks during the warm summer. However, climate change scenarios for the northern temperate zone predict decreased summer and increased winter flows. Future wetlands may therefore shift towards lower hydraulic loading rate and N load during summer. We hypothesised that low summer N loads would decrease annual wetland N removal and tested this by examining 1.5–3 years of continuous N removal data from created agricultural wetlands in two regions in southern Sweden (East and West) during different periods. West wetlands showed relatively stable hydraulic loads throughout the year, whereas East wetlands had pronounced no-flow periods during summer. We compared East and West wetlands and tested the effects of several variables (e.g., N concentration, N load, hydraulic load, depth, vegetation cover, hydraulic shape) on annual absolute and relative N removal. We found no difference in annual N removal between East and West wetlands, even though summer N loads were lower in East than in West wetlands. A possible explanation is that stagnant water conditions in East wetlands suppressed decomposition of organic matter during summer, making more organic matter available for denitrification during winter. Absolute N removal in all wetlands was best explained by N load and hydraulic shape, whereas relative N removal was best explained by emergent vegetation cover and hydraulic shape. This study highlights the importance of design and location of agricultural wetlands for high N removal, and we conclude that wetlands in a future climate may remove N from agricultural runoff as efficiently as today. © 2023 The Authors

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2023. Vol. 892, article id 164336
Keywords [en]
Climate change, Constructed wetland, Denitrification, Eutrophication, Nitrogen retention, Summer drought
National Category
Environmental Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-51445DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164336ISI: 001024704200001PubMedID: 37236460Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85161351488OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hh-51445DiVA, id: diva2:1789013
Funder
Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, 19/114Swedish Board of AgricultureSwedish Agency for Marine and Water ManagementCounty Administrative Board of Kalmar CountyAvailable from: 2023-08-17 Created: 2023-08-17 Last updated: 2024-01-23Bibliographically approved

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Nilsson, Josefin E.Weisner, Stefan E.B.Liess, Antonia

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