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The harmonized parabolic synthesis methodology for function generation in hardware
Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för informationsteknologi, Halmstad Embedded and Intelligent Systems Research (EIS), Centrum för forskning om inbyggda system (CERES).ORCID-id: 0000-0003-4828-7488
Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för informationsteknologi, Halmstad Embedded and Intelligent Systems Research (EIS), Centrum för forskning om inbyggda system (CERES).ORCID-id: 0000-0001-6625-6533
Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
(engelsk)Manuskript (preprint) (Annet vitenskapelig)
Abstract [en]

The Harmonized Parabolic Synthesis methodology is a further development of the Parabolic Synthesis methodology for approximation of unary functions such as trigonometric functions, logarithms and the square root, as well as binary functions such as division, in hardware.These functions are extensively used in computer graphics, digital signal processing, communication systems, robotics, astrophysics, fluid physics and many other application areas. For these high-speed applications, software solutions are in many cases not sufficient and a hardware implementation is therefore needed. The Harmonized Parabolic Synthesis methodology has two outstanding advantages: it is parallel, thus reducing the execution time, and it is based on low 2complexity operations, thus is simple to implement in hardware. A notable difference in the Harmonized Parabolic Synthesis methodology compared to many other approximation methodologies is that it is a multiplicative and not an additive methodology. Without harming the favorable distribution of the approximation error presented in earlier described Parabolic Synthesis methodologies it is possible to significantly enhances the performance of the Harmonized Parabolic Synthesis methodology, in terms of reducing chip area, computation delay and power consumption. Furthermore it increases the possibility to tailor the characteristics of the error, which improves the conditions for subsequent calculations. It also extends the set of unary functions that approximations can be performed upon since the possibilities to elaborate with the characteristics and distribution of the error increases. To evaluate the proposed methodology, the fractional part of the logarithm has been implemented and its performance is compared to the Parabolic Synthesis methodology. The comparison is made with 15-bit resolution. The design implemented using the Harmonized Parabolic Synthesis methodology performs 3x better than the Parabolic Synthesis implementation in terms of throughput. In terms of energy consumption, the new methodology consumes 90% less. The chip area is 70% smaller than for the Parabolic Synthesis methodology. In summary, the new technology presented in this paper further increases the advantages of Parabolic Synthesis.

Emneord [en]
Approximation, parabolic synthesis, unary functions, elementary functions, second-degree interpolation, arithmetic computation, look-up table, VLSI
HSV kategori
Identifikatorer
URN: urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-30859OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hh-30859DiVA, id: diva2:927006
Merknad

Som manuskript i avhandling. / As manuscript in dissertation.

Tilgjengelig fra: 2016-05-10 Laget: 2016-05-10 Sist oppdatert: 2018-03-22bibliografisk kontrollert
Inngår i avhandling
1. Methodologies for Approximation of Unary Functions and Their Implementation in Hardware
Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Methodologies for Approximation of Unary Functions and Their Implementation in Hardware
2016 (engelsk)Doktoravhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
Abstract [en]

Applications in computer graphics, digital signal processing, communication systems, robotics, astrophysics, fluid physics and many other areas have evolved to become very computation intensive. Algorithms are becoming increasingly complex and require higher accuracy in the computations. In addition, software solutions for these applications are in many cases not sufficient in terms of performance. A hardware implementation is therefore needed. A recurring bottleneck in the algorithms is the performance of the approximations of unary functions, such as trigonometric functions, logarithms and the square root, as well as binary functions such as division. The challenge is therefore to develop a methodology for the implementation of approximations of unary functions in hardware that can cope with the growing requirements. The methodology is required to result in fast execution time, low complexity basic operations that are simple to implement in hardware, and – sincemany applications are battery powered – low power consumption. To ensure appropriate performance of the entire computation in which the approximation is a part, the characteristics and distribution of the approximation error are also things that must be possible to manage. The new approximation methodologies presented in this thesis are of the type that aims to reduce the sizes of the look-up tables by the use of auxiliary functions. They are founded on a synthesis of parabolic functions by multiplication – instead of addition, which is the most common. Three approximation methodologies have been developed; the two last being further developments of the first. For some functions, such as roots, inverse and inverse roots, a straightforward solution with an approximation is not manageable. Since these functions are frequent in many computation intensive algorithms, it is necessary to find very efficient implementations of these functions. New methods for this are also presented in this thesis. They are all founded on working in a floating-point format, and, for the roots functions, a change of number base is also used. The transformations not only enable simpler solutions but also increased accuracy, since the approximation algorithm is performed on a mantissa of limited range. Tools for error analysis have been developed as well. The characteristics and distribution of the approximation error in the new methodologies are presented and compared with existing state-of-the-art methods such as CORDIC. The verification and evaluation of the solutions have to a large extent been made as comparative ASIC implementations with other approximation methods, separately or embedded in algorithms. As an example, an implementation of the logarithm made using the third methodology developed, Harmonized Parabolic Synthesis (HPS), is compared with an implementation using the CORDIC algorithm. Both implementations are designed to provide 15-bit resolution. The design implemented using HPS performs 12 times better than the CORDIC implementation in terms of throughput. In terms of energy consumption, the new methodology consumes 96% less. The chip area is 60% smaller than for the CORDIC algorithm. In summary, the new approximation methodologies presented are found to well meet the demanding requirements that exist in this area.

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
Halmstad: Halmstad University Press, 2016. s. 76
Serie
Halmstad University Dissertations ; 21
HSV kategori
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-30983 (URN)978-91-87045-45-5 (ISBN)978-91-87045-44-8 (ISBN)
Disputas
2016-09-02, Wigforssalen, Halmstad, 13:00 (engelsk)
Opponent
Veileder
Tilgjengelig fra: 2016-06-08 Laget: 2016-05-31 Sist oppdatert: 2021-05-11bibliografisk kontrollert

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