Aims and objectives: To describe overweight persons' experiences with weight reduction and participation in the dietary advice on prescription.

Background: Approximately 20% of overweight individuals are able to successfully lose weight. Experiences from earlier weight reduction programmes indicate that those who succeed typically manage to avoid overeating to handle stress and have high motivation to lose weight. Those who fail have low self-control and engage in negative health behaviours such as eating when experiencing negative emotions and stress.

Design: The study used adescriptive qualitative design and was conducted at a Primary Health Care Centre in south-west Sweden.

Methods: The first nineteen study participants who completed the weight reduction programme in two years responded in writing to five open questions about their experiences with the programme. Data were analysed using inductive content analysis.

Results: The participants appreciated the face-to-face meetings with the nurse because they felt seen and listened to during these sessions. They also felt their life situations and self-discipline had an impact on how well they were able to follow the programme. Dietary advice on prescription advice was considered to be helpful for achieving behavioural changes and losing weight. People who succeeded in sustainably losing weight described the importance of support from partners or close friends.

Conclusions: To achieve sustainable weight reduction, it is important to individualise the programme in order to address each person's life situation and the unique difficulties they may encounter.

Relevance to clinical practice: Motivational interviewing appears to be a good technique for developing a successful relationship between the nurse and the patient. The dietary advice on prescription advice was perceived to be a good way to improve food habits and can easily be used at many Primary Health Care Centres. Patient's partners should also be offered the opportunity to participate in the programme.

© 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Objective

The objective of this study was to examine the predictive ability of perceived talent development environment (TDE) on the well-being of youth elite football players.

Design

A field-based longitudinal design was employed.

Method

The participants were 195 Swedish youth elite football players between 13 and 16 years of age enrolled at Swedish football academies. The players responded to questionnaires regarding their perceptions of their TDE, perceived stress, and well-being in the beginning of the competitive season 2012 (T1). On two more occasions, six and 12 months later, the players completed the stress and well-being questionnaires.

Results

A latent class analysis, based on the TDEQ sub-scale scores at T1, revealed three classes of players with different perceptions of their TDE (one high quality, one moderate quality, and one poor quality class). A second-order multivariate latent growth curve model (factor-of-curves model) showed that the class of players perceiving the lowest TDE quality, experienced higher initial level of stress and lower initial level of well-being at T1 compared to the other two classes. Moreover, there were no significant differences in slopes for neither stress nor well-being between classes (the initial difference between the three groups, in well-being, remained stable over time).

Conclusion

The results indicate that players perceiving their TDE as supporting and focusing on long-term development seem to be less stressed and experience higher well-being than other players. Hence, in addition to facilitate sport-specific development and performance among youth athletes, high quality TDEs may be important for youth elite athletes' general well-being.

Meta-analyser formar våra kostråd och de är därför viktiga att analysera. Artikeln diskuterar rimligheten i att relatera en kostkomponent, i detta fall fettsyror, och relatera dessa till sjukdom och död. Reduktionismen och nutritionismen ifrågasätts. Ett komplement till detta synsätt bör finnas med där man studerar mat, livsmedel och kostmönster istället för att relatera sjukdom och död till en kostkomponent. En helhetssyn på livet där hela kosten finns som en del av andra levnadsvanor bör finnas med när man analyserar livsstilsrelaterade och multifaktoriella sjukdomar.

Background:

An increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) has been reported among patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS). As of today, little is known what causes this increase.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether traditional CVD risk factors, such as smoking, diet, physical activity and atherogenic blood lipids, differ among AS patients in comparison to the general population.

Methods: Eighty-nine patients diagnosed with AS by fulfilling the modified New York criteria were identified in the databases of a community intervention programme, the Västerbotten Intervention Programme (VIP). The patients were compared with 356 controls matched for age, sex and study period. As part of the VIP, participants have completed questionnaires regarding diet, physical activity and smoking. Additionally, the VIP included measurement of blood pressure, height and weight, and blood samples analysed for cholesterol, serum triglycerides and blood glucose.

Results: Levels of serum triglycerides (p<0.01) and cholesterol (p<0.01) were significantly lower in the patient group. Among the patients, the level of triglycerides was inversely correlated to the intake of total fat (r_s = -0.25, p<0.05), monounsaturated fats (r_s = -0.29, p<0.05) and positively correlated to the intake of carbohydrates (r_s =0.26, p<0.05). These correlations were not seen among the controls. No significant differences were found between patients and controls regarding diet, physical activity, exercise frequency or smoking habits nor in measurements of body mass index (BMI), weight or blood pressure.

Conclusions: The patients exhibited significantly lower levels of cholesterol and triglycerides compared with controls. There were correlations between diet and atherogenic blood lipids among the patients which were not found in the control group. The results suggest that there may be differences in fat metabolism among patients with AS in comparison with the general population.