Många unga har upplevt sexuellt våld eller varit utsatta för olika risker under och efter migrationen till Sverige. Det kan exempelvis handla om barnäktenskap, att sälja sex för sin överlevnad, om människohandel, hedersrelaterat våld eller våldtäkt. I Att möta sexuell utsatthet beskriver författarna professionellas möten med nyanlända barn och unga som har erfarenhet av sexuellt våld. Hur bör professionella i Sverige bemöta och hantera de ungas berättelser? Hur ska de agera när de möter barn som är gifta? På vilket sätt kan skolan vara ett stöd? Hur bör samverkan ske mellan olika professionella grupper? Boken riktar sig till studenter inom socialt arbete, omvårdnad och folkhälsa men kan också läsas av professionella som möter unga nyanlända inom olika verksamheter.

The purpose of this qualitative study is to gain a better understanding of how the implementation of a welfare technology (WT) may affect the daily work of unit managers and social care staff in social care homes. It also aims to explore how service users ability to participate, exercise self-determination, and be independent in their daily activities may be affected by this WT, as perceived by staff. The study focuses on one WT Boet, a digital support tool, created for care professionals and service users with intellectual disabilities and/or autism. Boet is a WT that comprises a staff application and an individual application for service users. The study is based on the experiences of care professionals working in social care homes in three Swedish municipalities covered by the Act (1993:387) on Support and Services for Certain Disabled People (LSS). Over a period of six months in 2023, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 social care staff and three unit managers. The analysis highlights trust as a central theme and identifies three aspects that influence professional discretion: transparency, shifts in power, and safety. In conclusion, it can be assumed that the level of trust among staff plays a crucial role in establishing the framework for professional discretion concerning digitalisation, WT, and its additional working methods. This study indicates several different shifts in the professionals’ discretion that may require trust in one’s ability, the residents, the WT, management, and organisation. 

I detta kapitel har vi, med hjälp av tidigare forskning, utvärderingsstudier och rapporter, sammanställt och diskuterat kunskapen om insatser i det våldspreventiva arbetet mot hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck med fokus på utövare och potentiella utövare av våldet. Det handlar om våldspreventiva insatser som riktar sig till unga i skolan och på fritiden och som ofta genomförs av civila aktörer, samt stöd- och behandlingsinsatser inom socialtjänst och Kriminalvården när våldet är ett faktum.

Under 2020-talet har lagstiftning kring hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck skärpts, med bland annat nya brottskategoriseringar som hedersmotiv och särskilt hedersbrott. Vad innebär detta för praktiker inom socialt arbete? 

Hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck: Professionellas uppdrag och utmaningar ser förbi de ideologiska spänningar som präglat frågan om hedersrelatelrat våld och förtryck, och presenterar i ny och bred kunskap baserad på aktuell forskning inom området. Boken ger ett brett kunskapsstöd för arbetet med att förstå och hantera våld och förtryck inom ramen för en hederskontext. Här presenteras bakgrund och förklaringar till våld och förtryck, den socioekonomiska segregationens betydelse för hedersproblematik, implikationer av ny lagstiftning gällande hedersbrott samt koppling till religion utifrån ett professionsperspektiv. Boken lyfter socialtjänstens och skolans uppdrag att identifiera och utreda våldet och förtrycket, samt hur professionella kan arbeta förebyggande. Antologin vänder sig till studenter på alla utbildningsnivåer och till professionella inom socialt arbete, hälso- och sjukvård samt skola. Den är också aktuell för andra som är intresserade av området.

• Hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck belyses med utgångspunkt från ett människorättsperspektiv, där aktuell rättslig reglering och rättspraxis är i fokus.

• Det hedersrelaterade våldets uttrycksformer och deras betydelse för mötet med våldsutsatta presenteras.

• Bokens innehåll vilar på teoretiska grunder som är tillämpbara i klientarbetet med hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck.

Inledningsvis diskuterar vi i denna introduktion olika definitioner och perspektiv på heder, och hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck i synnerhet. Tolkningen av begreppet har ändrats något över tid och har även formaliserats i ny lagstiftning. Därefter redogör vi för hur förståelsen av det hedersrelaterade våldet har återverkningar i det praktiska sociala arbetet. Slutligen presenteras bokens disposition.

Social work practice is characterized by contradictions, such as support versus control and the fact that social interventions usually aim at individual change, while clients to a greater extent request practical support and social security. At the same time, social work practice is characterized by status hierarchies and professionals seem to have an adversarial relation to providing practical support. The aim of this study is to gain a deeper understanding of status hierarchies in school social work through analysis of how school counselors’ reason about their role and task working with newly arrived young migrants.

The study is based on qualitative interviews with 15 school counselors. The interviews have been analyzed using a qualitative thematic analysis.  

The study shows that the school counselors work with newly arrived minors is perceived as quite practically oriented. The school counselors describe that they spend a considerable amount of time helping with practical issues such as finances and translate letters from authorities. This kind of practically oriented tasks are referred to in previous research as "professional dirt work" and ends up far down in the status hierarchy.  These tasks are not perceived as uncontroversial and are subject to negotiation. Among the school counselors in the study there is both an outspoken desire that someone else should be responsible for this work to make time for more important counselor tasks, but there are also those who perceive this work as an important part of school social work that underpins the relationships with the pupils.

In 2021, the Swedish government tasked the National Agency for Education with strengthening schools' systematic efforts to combat honour-related violence and oppression (HRV). The initiative included awareness-raising activities and support for teachers and other staff in pre-school, primary and secondary schools. In addition, the school's responsibility to address HRV has been reinforced in the new curriculum (Lgr 22). The overall aim of two consecutive research projects was to explore the ways in which honour-related vulnerability can manifest itself in the school environment and the potential for school social work to identify and prevent this specific type of violence, as well as to collaborate with social services in addressing the concerns of young people living in an honourrelated context. The studies are based on interviews with school social workers and other school staff in 15 secondary and primary schools in 10 different municipalities.The overall findings show that all interviewees have encountered young people living in a context of honour, ranging from everyday control to violence or threats of violence from individuals within their networks. Concerns were raised about addressing HRV in education because of the risk of creating conflict in the classroom and reinforcing stereotypical values among young people. One approach to overcoming this is to teach about human rights and children's rights in general. The school social worker plays a key role in supporting young people living in an honour context, but building trusting relationships requires a long-term effort. There are concerns that reporting to social services may damage the relationships and there is lack of trust for social services' knowledge of HRV. In conclusion, there is a contradiction between the idea of human equality and the recognition of differences, which school staff perceive as creating challenging dilemmas when dealing with HRV.

In Sweden digitalization is taking place at a rapid pace within social services' social care activities and various types of new digital operational support and welfare technology are being introduced. Based on the rapid development, digitalization is particularly interesting to study from a professional perspective regarding the professional discretion. In the field of disability, it includes people of a broad spectrum and with different experiences of digital technology, which the social care professionals meet in their daily life.  

This is a qualitative study on how the implementation of welfare technology (WT), a digital operational support tool, affects the care professional’s discretion. The WT in this case has a staff application for the care professionals (users) and an individual application for the residents (end-users) within the social care’s LSS-accommodations in three Swedish municipalities. The end-users of the WT have intellectual disabilities (ID) and/or autism.

The study builds upon experiences from the users who work within social care accommodations that are statutory according to the Swedish Act (1993:387) on Support and Service for Certain Disabled People (LSS). The study was performed within three Swedish municipalities and four social care accommodations with special services according to LSS. Semi structured interviews, open observations and group interviews were performed during six months with care professionals, managers and business developers. The selection of LSS accommodations in this study is primarily based on which municipalities have chosen to implement the WT investigated within the project's data collection period.

The purpose of the study is to identify opportunities and challenges that arise from the introduction of the WT into the professional’s daily work. The research question we investigate is: How does the professional discretion change when introducing digital operational support? 

The analysis highlights trust as a central theme and identifies three aspects that affect the professional discretion: transparency, conflicts and safety. An overall conclusion is that the level of trust among users sets the framework for the professional discretion in relation to digitalization, WT and its additional work methods. How far an organization has come in the transition from a caring controlling approach to a more supportive approach is important for how the staff feels that the professional discretion is affected by digitalization. The digital literacy of the staff, i.e., digital competence and attitude towards digitalization, can be an obstacle in the implementation. Finally, the organizational conditions regarding the division of responsibilities, involvement of staff and users as well as peer support, are important. This study indicates that there are several different shifts in connection with the professionals' discretion when introducing the WT. It requires trust in one's own ability, in the end-user, in the digital tool and in the organization. Research on WT in social services and social care is in its infancy, and it can be stated that technological development is moving faster than the research on it. Thus, more studies are needed of both implementation processes and consequences of the introduction of various forms of welfare technology in the social field.