The aim of this study has been to examine and analyze various preventive programs related to intimate partner violence among young people. The starting points have been common areas of focus between the basic ideas of the programs, the outcomes of the programs and potential areas of development. We have chosen a qualitative text analysis as a method where we have used 15 scientific articles with international research. We used thematic analysis and coding as a method to investigate and analyze our material. The theory that has been used in the study are Aaron Antonovsky’s theory about sense of coherence, intersectionality and gender perspective. Results indicate that the program has several common focus areas. The focus areas we highlight include awareness of violence, violence as a solution as well as training, skills and knowledge. All prevention programs show improvements in relation to the focus area, but also highlight what the program has not succeeded in. Finally, development opportunities for future prevention programs are presented based on the results of the programs.

The main objective of this paper is to develop a readiness index model that can serve as an analytical tool for exploring the achievements of the electrification of transportation systems. We have applied this readiness index model to evaluate the readiness positioning of China, Norway, and Sweden towards transportation electrification. We have chosen these three countries as they represent diversity among countries adopting electric transportation system solutions. Our developed readiness index model has four key dimensions: technological readiness, political readiness, societal readiness, and economic readiness. The embeddedness of all four dimensions in one model provides a multi-perspective way of analyzing and evaluating the readiness levels of countries moving towards transforming their transportation system. Therefore, we named the model a “multidimensional readiness index”. Our main conclusions are that political processes and decisiveness are the most important factors, followed by societal needs and economic ability, with the current technology as the fourth. Without the participation of dedicated and determined political decision makers, the other three factors are challenging to obtain. Political decision makers need to facilitate economic means to support the transformation in society and affected industries to balance the economic disadvantages of the electrically powered vehicle systems until they pass the cost disadvantage turning point. The development of relevant technology is no longer the significant barrier it was at the beginning of this transformation about 20 years ago. The technology for electrically powered transportation systems and devices is widely available now, although it is continuously evolving and being improved. Associated industries cannot be expected to initiate, finance, take risks, and take the lead in this global societal transformation without clear and strong political support.

I den tidigare forskningen beskrivs anpassningar utifrån ett specialpedagogiskt perspektiv där forskningen visar på att barn som ofta faller utanför normen är bärare av problemet. Förskolepersonalen ser ofta problemsituationer som någonting negativt där problemet ligger hos individen. I den nyare forskningen ses problemsituationer i stället som en brist i omgivningen kring individen, där anpassningen främst bör ske i verksamhetens utformning. Syftet med studien är att via semistrukturerande intervjuer med förskollärare undersöka vad förskollärarna berättar om hur de arbetar med anpassningar både enskilt och i grupp i det vardagliga arbetet på förskolan. Frågeställningarna är: Vilka anpassningar berättar förskollärarna att de gör i förskolan? och Vad säger förskollärarna om hur underlaget för anpassningar tas fram? De teoretiska utgångspunkter som används är det kategoriska, relationella och salutogena perspektivet. Resultatet av studien visar på att anpassningar är något som sker dagligen på förskolan och att förskollärarna använder sig av olika strategier och metoder för att skapa en så tillgänglig verksamhet som möjligt för alla barn. Slutsatsen är att när förskollärarna använder sig av anpassningar i verksamheten, både på grupp- och individnivå, ökar förutsättningarna för en inkluderande verksamhet och förskolan blir en plats för alla barn.  

The global pandemic, COVID-19 shattered everyday life as we know it and disrupted education globally. In this study, we explore an initiated digital transformation accelerated by the pandemic from school leaders’ perspectives in the context of Swedish high schools. The data consists of a questionnaire with 105 school leaders containing both fixed and open-ended response types. The results reveal significant differences in school leaders’ views on how the transition has worked, whether they and their staff have developed their digital competence, and, how it will affect the school onwards. Contributions include theorising about school leaders’ experiences of navigating an accelerated digital transformation prompted by the pandemic. We introduce four school leader profiles: (a) the enthusiast, (b) the affirmative (c) the skeptical, and (d) the hesitant. These profiles serve to encapsulate the nuanced perspectives of school leaders, thereby enriching our comprehension of their diverse requirements and priorities. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

Denna studie undersöker marken under en tilltänkt nybyggnation av en lagerlokal. Denna mark är geotekniskt undersökt samt sättningsberäknad, den geotekniska undersökningen visade att markens jordprofil består av lera, siltig sand och fyllnadsmaterial. I denna studie har en parametrisk undersökning gjorts för att analysera hur olika materialparametrar i de olika jordlagren påverkar sättningarna, samt hur andra parametrar såsom vattennivå, tillskottspänningsmodell och laster påverkar sättningarna.

Syftet är att undersöka vilka parametrar som påverkar sättningarna och varför de påverkar sättningarna. För att hitta de olika parametrar som påverkar har först en beräkning gjorts med de indata som fåtts inför uppbyggnationen, denna beräkning kommer i studien att benämnas som referensfallet. Sedan har detta beräkningsfall förenklats för att lättare kunna undersökas och jämföras, denna förenklade beräkning kommer benämnas som det förenklade referensfallet.

I parameterstudien har en parameter ändrats i det förenklade referensfallet och sedan har detta resultat jämförts med referensfallet. Resultatet av detta har gett oss en tydlig bild över när och vilka parametrar som påverkar sättningarna. De parametrar som påverkar mängden sättning är först och främst mängden last samt kompressionsmodulen för de tre jordlagren, fyllnadsmassa, siltig sand och lera.

Det resultat som presenteras har varit precis det man kan förvänta sig av en sättningsundersökning och resultatet påvisar även att beräkningsmodellerna som används ger en beräkning som är på den säkra sidan, vid jämförelse av de verkliga sättningarna.

This thesis presents work conducted in the domain of sequential decision-making in general and Bandit problems in particular, tackling challenges from a practical and theoretical perspective, framed in the contexts of mobile Health. The early stages of this work have been conducted in the context of the project ``improving Medication Adherence through Person-Centred Care and Adaptive Interventions'' (iMedA) which aims to provide personalized adaptive interventions to hypertensive patients, supporting them in managing their medication regimen. The focus lies on inadequate medication adherence (MA), a pervasive issue where patients do not take their medication as instructed by their physician. The selection of individuals for intervention through secondary database analysis on Electronic Health Records (EHRs) was a key challenge and is addressed through in-depth analysis of common adherence measures, development of prediction models for MA, and discussions on limitations of such approaches for analyzing MA. Providing personalized adaptive interventions is framed in several bandit settings and addresses the challenge of delivering relevant interventions in environments where contextual information is unreliable and full of noise. Furthermore, the need for good initial policies is explored and improved in the latent-bandits setting, utilizing prior collected data to optimal selection the best intervention at every decision point. As the final concluding work, this thesis elaborates on the need for privacy and explores different privatization techniques in the form of noise-additive strategies using a realistic recommendation scenario.         

The contributions of the thesis can be summarised as follows: (1) Highlighting the issues encountered in measuring MA through secondary database analysis and providing recommendations to address these issues, (2) Investigating machine learning models developed using EHRs for MA prediction and extraction of common refilling patterns through EHRs, (3) formal problem definition for a novel contextual bandit setting with context uncertainty commonly encountered in Mobile Health and development of an algorithm designed for such environments. (4) Algorithmic improvements, equipping the agent with information-gathering capabilities for active action selection in the latent bandit setting, and (5) exploring important privacy aspects using a realistic recommender scenario.   

Adult education often offers both asynchronous and synchronous modes of online learning to provide flexibility for learners. However, there is a limited understanding of engagement in these modes within adult education. This study aims to explore how the behavioural, cognitive, emotional, and social dimensions of engagement are facilitated in asynchronous and synchronous modes. A mixed-methods approach was used, involving observations and interviews with a total of 33 participants, conducted between April and December 2021. The study examined both Asynchronous Distance Education (ADE) and Synchronous Distance Education (SDE) classes. The findings indicate a significant correlation between the mode of delivery and how engagement is facilitated. ADE designs exhibited a wider variety of engagement facilitation compared to SDE. Furthermore, specific engagement dimensions were found to be more prominently supported in either ADE or SDE classes. To address the one-sided focus on engagement in each mode, teachers should actively design learning activities that promote varied ways for learners to engage in the learning process. This development is crucial as one-sided engagement, particularly in assimilative learning, has been associated with lower academic performance.

To save the planet from previous devastating corporate actions, corporations have enormous responsibilities toward the environment, economy and society. Implementing corporate sustainability practices through establishing effective governance mechanisms can be considered a transformative initiative with potential implications for social and green innovation. Social and green innovation thus shifts companies’ focus from for-profit objectives to the creation of mutual benefit and shared values.

Over the past four decades, extensive academic research has been conducted on the topic of corporate sustainability and financial performance. Therefore, conducting research on a similar topic might appear to the reader to be carrying coal to Newcastle. However, the aim of this thesis is not to reproduce previous studies but rather to address the following research question:  

What is the nexus between corporate sustainability and financial performance? 

This thesis identifies that previous literature has produced blended results when explaining the nexus between corporate sustainability and financial performance; they have asserted that firms are solely responsible for sustainability activities and thus financial performance. In this regard, previous literature has argued for institutional pressure and legitimacy requirements to shape corporate behavior. However, I contradict the views of previous scholars and argue that power distance and hierarchy always hamper the relationship. I further posit that corporations are not solely responsible for sustainability activities and thus financial performance. Rather, the nexus between corporate sustainability and financial performance is transformed, modified, and shaped through an interaction of the trajectories of multiple actors, an interaction that I was able to capture through the multi-theoretical approach. In this regard, I propose a comprehensive framework, that is effective under a macro business ecosystem. With this framework, companies that prioritize sustainability strategies would eventually ensure financial performance but after a time lag. In contrast, companies that engage in greenwashing and selfies will always achieve misleading outcomes.

The appended articles further examine the nexus between corporate sustainability and financial performance empirically using data from European countries by applying several static and dynamic econometric models under different time spans. The overall empirical result suggests that corporate sustainability practices have a positive impact on financial performance but with a time lag. However, in order to ensure durable long-term corporate sustainability practices, the macro and micro business environments – a network governance relationship – play a crucial role. The consistent and empirically robust results reveal the multiple trajectories of the nexus between corporate sustainability and financial performance. Therefore, the thesis disseminates key messages to policymakers and practitioners about the importance of an effective network governance mechanism.

Background: Patients with suicidality experience a considerable amount ofstigma and obstacles in seeking care. The nursing care amid medical visitsmay be perceived as inadequate and the nurse's approach may result in awall arising in the nurse-patient relationship. The responsibilities of nursesare to nurture the relationship with patients and act as a bridge. Insufficientcare of patients may cause extended treatment periods, as well as risk ofdeath. Purpose: The purpose was to outline nurse‟s experiences of nursingcare to people with suicidality. Method: A general literature review withsystematic data retrieval was conducted. Result: The result described threemain categories: empirical and evidence based knowledge in nursingsuicidal patients, the nurses professional approach in nursing suicidalpatients and the emotional consequences in nursing suicidal patients. Nursecare was implicated from a communicative- and interprofessionalperspective; additionally nurses stress and the impact of patient suicide wasillustrated. Conclusion: Nurses experience lack of knowledge in nursingcare to people with suicidality. Interprofessional collaboration increasedpatient safety and reduced nurses' stress. Further evidence based educationand a communicative approach is needed in order to improve and developsafety in nursing of suicidal patients.

This study explores how shopping value in one-stop stores, especially hypermarkets, can be improved by new services. It identifies additional service offerings that go beyond the traditional product-based approach. Given the dearth of literature on new services in grocery retailing, this study relies on Mehrabian and Russel's (1974) stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) model as a basic framework. Using an explorative mixed-methods approach, the study begins with a qualitative phase in which semi-structured interviews are conducted to uncover consumers' everyday problems. These findings serve as the basis for designing innovative services. In the subsequent quantitative phase, the study tests the theoretical framework by introducing participants to three different services in an experimental study. Based on the manipulation of the cognitive fit of services, various relationships between variables such as retailer confusion, perceived convenience, shopping value, retailer image, and willingness to use were examined. Results highlight the central role of cognitive fit, perceived convenience, and retailer confusion as key factors in shopping value, emphasizing its significance in shaping the retail landscape. This research not only identifies novel service opportunities for hypermarkets but also demonstrates the efficacy of a mixed-methods approach in addressing the evolving needs of consumers and the retail sector. The study provides also valuable insights for retailers seeking to differentiate themselves and enhance the shopping value. 

Purpose: This study aims to examine the factors that influence the relationship between sustainability and financial performance (FP) of the European listed companies.Design/methodology/approachThis study analyzed data from 795 companies in 21 European countries by applying linear mixed-effects multilevel regressions, a two steps system generalized method of moments and quantile regression models to uncover the links between sustainability and FP.

Findings: The past four decades have witnessed abundant research to determine the relationship between corporate sustainability and FP. Thus, conducting further research in 2023 could be seen as “reinventing the wheel.” Yet, earlier research considered firms as isolated entities with sustainability and FP being dependent only on that firm’s actions. By contrast, with the help of network governance theory, this study shows that a firm’s sustainability and FP depend on an interplay among interorganizational actors, such as institutional qualities, macroeconomic factors and an embrace of sustainability. Here, large firms play an essential role. Three significant findings are drawn. First, sustainability performance has a significant impact on FP in the European context. Second, the institutional quality (IQ) of the rule of law and control of corruption plays a crucial role in enhancing sustainability and FP, and finally the interaction of IQ and economic growth helps to increase companies’ market value (Tobin’s Q). The consistent and empirically robust findings offer key lessons to policymakers and practitioners on the interplay among multiple actors in corporate sustainability and FP.

Practical implications: A synergetic multifaced relationship between governmental institutions and corporations is inevitable for ensuring sustainable development. The degree of intimacy in the relationship, of course, will be determined by the macroeconomic environment.

Originality/value: In this research, this study theoretically and empirically identified that corporate sustainability and FP are not solely dependent on corporate operation. Rather, it is transformed, modified and shaped through an interaction of multiple actors’ trajectories in the macro business environment.

Inpatient mental healthcare settings should offer safe environments for patients to heal and recover and for staff to provide high-quality treatment and care. However, aggressive patient behaviour, unengaged staff approaches, and the use of restrictive practices are frequently reported. The Safewards model includes ten interventions that aim to prevent conflict and containment. The model has shown promising results but at the same time often presents challenges to successful implementation strategies. The aim of this study was to review qualitative knowledge on staff experiences of barriers and enablers to the implementation of Safewards, from the perspective of implementation science and the i-PARIHS framework. A search of the Web of Science, ASSIA, Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases resulted in 10 articles. A deductive framework analysis approach was used to identify barriers and enablers and the alignment to the i-PARIHS. Data most represented by the i-PARIHS were related to the following: local-level formal and informal leadership support, innovation degree of fit with existing practice and values, and recipients' values and beliefs. This indicates that if a ward or organization wants to implement Safewards and direct limited resources to only a few implementation determinants, these three may be worth considering. Data representing levels of external health system and organizational contexts were rare. In contrast, data relating to local (ward)-level contexts was highly represented which may reflect Safewards's focus on quality improvement strategies on a local rather than organizational level. © 2023 The Authors. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.

Digital tools in preschool teaching are often presented as something threatening in the public debate, often in relation to health risks, such as sedentary behaviour. This article finds new ways to discuss this through an investigation of what conditions the use of mobile documentation technology in relation to both storytelling and movement in preschool education. We discuss how the physical and the digital can relate to each other in preschool teaching. With a particular focus on bodily aspects and storytelling, we explore new ways of approaching children’s perspectives with a point of departure in mobile digital documentation. Based on data material consisting of children's documentation of their immediate environment with the help of action cameras (that is, small digital film cameras that are applied to the body with the help of a helmet or harness). The bodily, pedagogical, and ethical consequences of combining the physical and the digital in preschool education are discussed. The data is analyzed with inspiration from a social anthropological perspective with a focus on the epistemological couplet emic/etic. The analyzes are characterized by what could be called an "epic" approach to the child filming and to each other during their movements in the surroundings of the preschool. The study offers an example of how movement can be staged in preschool education. To this end, the combination of physical and digital elements is deemed to be meritorious.

Background: The prosthesis has existed since ancient Egypt. Living with a prosthesis can have both negative and positive effects on the prosthesis user. The transition contributes to a new lifestyle where each individual can be affected to different extents both psychologically and physically. The nurse needs to have knowledge about the experiences of a prosthesis user in order to be able to help the prosthesis user adapt to life with a prosthesis. Aim: The aim of the study was to illustrate experiences of living with a lower extremity prosthesis. Method: The general literature review study included ten result articles that were searched in the databases CINAHL, PubMed, PsycINFO and Sage Journals. The articles were analyzed using a guide for qualitative research made by Popenoe et al. (2021). Results: Five categories emerged and these were: mobility, comfort and function, impact from the society, education, jobs and finances and social support. All categories highlighted what it can be like to live with a prosthesis for the lower limb. Conclusion: The prosthesis can bring a sense of independence as well as a limitation that includes pain and problems with the fitting of the prosthesis. Support from relatives and healthcare professionals was important for the recovery. It was also essential that healthcare staff provided good and sufficient information to the patient. Further research is needed on prosthesis users’ experiences of living with a lower extremity prosthesis where nurses gain the knowledge required to provide good nursing care. 

Time-To-Event (TTE) modeling using survival analysis in industrial settings faces the challenge of premature replacements of machine components, which leads to bias and errors in survival prediction. Typically, TTE survival data contains information about components and if they had failed or not up to a certain time. For failed components, the time is noted, and a failure is referred to as an event. A component that has not failed is denoted as censored. In industrial settings, in contrast to medical settings, there can be considerable uncertainty in an event; a component can be replaced before it fails to prevent operation stops or because maintenance staff believe that the component is faulty. This shows up as “no fault found” in warranty studies, where a significant proportion of replaced components may appear fault-free when tested or inspected after replacement.

In this work, we propose an expectation-maximization-like method for discovering such premature replacements in survival data. The method is a two-phase iterative algorithm employing a genetic algorithm in the maximization phase to learn better event assignments on a validation set. The learned labels through iterations are accumulated and averaged to be used to initialize the following expectation phase. The assumption is that the more often the event is selected, the more likely it is to be an actual failure and not a “no fault found”.

Experiments on synthesized and simulated data show that the proposed method can correctly detect a significant percentage of premature replacement cases.

Background: Surgical site infections (SSI) are infections that occur within 30 days after surgery. SSIs are one of the most common health care- associated infection. When microorganisms end up in the wound an inflammatory process starts and creates an infection in the wound. SSIs lead to suffering in patients, unfortunately the incidence of SSIs is not decreasing in a desired rate. Aim: To highlight how nurses can work with preventative nursing interventions in relation to surgical site infections. Method: The study was conducted as a general literature study based on the result from ten articles with qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods. The results from the articles were analyzed and summarized into three categories and five subcategories. Results: The result highlights the following nursing interventions: (1) to follow clinical practice guidelines, (2) to implement care bundles and (3) to involve patients. Nurses’ compliance to guidelines was affected by barriers and facilitators. The care bundle implementation was a successful nursing intervention. Involving the patient could contribute to nurse’s preventative work against surgical site infections. Conclusion: There is a need for further quality improvement and research to how nurse’s work with preventative nursing interventions in relation to SSIs.

Background: There is a high linguistical diversity worldwide which can result in language barriers in health care with negative consequences for patients. To promote health and a caring relationship nurses must have a knowledge of patients’ experiences of language barriers to provide the care to which they are entitled. Aim: The aim was to describe patients’ experiences of language barriers in nursing. Method: A general review of the literature with an inductive approach was conducted and data analysis was performed. In total nine qualitative and two quantitative articles were included in the study. Result: Patients’ experiences of language barriers in nursing resulted in following categories: experiences of bridging language barriers, nurses’ approach affected well-being and nursing was affected. Conclusion: Patients had different experiences of bridging language barriers. Interpreters could improve communication, but parts could be lost. Patients experienced a lack of interpreters, that relatives had to interpret, and alternative communication. Nurses’ approach through reception and willingness to communicate affected the patients’ well-being. Patients had different views on how nursing was affected. Some felt that communication deteriorated and that this resulted in difficulties expressing needs and receiving information. Patients were reluctant to criticize and deteriorate the relationship with the nurse.

Studies indicate that renovation projects have significantly lower environmental impact compared to new constructions, with emissions reduced by up to 50 % due to the reuse of existing materials. The purpose of this study is to explore alternative solutions and strategies that can effectively reduce both energy consumption and costs, while mitigating the climate impact of buildings. The focus is specifically on applying these measures to a small house in Markaryd. The research methodology involved a combination of literature reviews, interviews, and the utilization of calculation tools such as Bidcon, energiberäkning.se, and the pay-off method. The results demonstrate that renovation measures such as window and door replacement, additional insulation in the attic, and the installation of a mechanical ventilation system effectively reduced energy consumption and proved economically viable. The investigation also revealed that wood and cellulose materials had lower climate impact compared to aluminum and glass wool in stages A1-A5. Therefore, renovating buildings with careful material selection can simultaneously achieve reduced energy consumption and climate impact, while also offering economic benefits, thereby contributing positively to both the environment and the economy.

Background: The climacteric is a transitional period in a woman's life from being reproductive to non-reproductive. The woman's experience is individual, but common symptoms include irregular bleeding patterns, hot flashes, sweating and sleep problems. Primary care should be the first instance for women seeking treatment for climacteric symptoms, and the district nurse thus plays a vital role for women in the climacteric. Aim: This study aimed to describe district nurses' perception of climacteric symptoms in women from a primary care perspective. Method: Qualitative inductive approach in the form of semi-structured questions. 12 district nurses were interviewed, and data was analyzed based on qualitative content analysis. Results: District nurses fell that they cannot give women in climacteric a reasonable and adequate care due to lack of knowledge, time and organisational obstacles. Women with climacteric symptoms feel neglected by the healthcare system and want information and understanding about the climacteric to be able to handle the problems that may arise. Conclusion: District nurses need improved ability about the climacteric, climacteric symptoms, hormones and the estrogen preparations they have the right to prescribe. For better and equal climacteric care, it could be good to have national guidelines for this area. 

Biodiversity is decreasing globally and one of the biggest threats is invasive alien species. The Natura-2000 area Fylleån, Halland, houses one of the largest Swedish populations of the American skunk cabbage (Lysichiton americanus). The species poses a threat to the natural values ​​found in Fylleån and is subjected to extensive treatment to counteract the plant's effect on the ecosystem. There is currently no evidence for the effectiveness of the treatment methods presented by Naturvårdsverket and Havs- och vattenmyndighetens method catalog in Swedish watercourses. The goal of my study is to investigate the effectiveness of mechanical excavation and superficial hot water treatment as treatment methods for American skunk cabbage, along with hot water treatment and seed stand removal which are not listed in the method catalog but are tested by authorities to a certain extent. Through a comparative study between areas treated to varying degrees with mechanical digging and hot water treatment, I determine the effectiveness of the methods. The second part of my study was to try to determine the suitability of and reflect on the methods, as well as reflect on the suitability of the methods for civilian use through a literature review using the method catalog as a starting point. My conclusion is that mechanical digging produces declining populations and significant differences in found individuals, provided the treatment is carried out correctly and consistently. I reason that other treatment methods can affect more organisms than intended, and that they are therefore unsuitable for use in Fylleån.

Denna kvalitativa studie riktar sig till yrkesverksamma pedagoger i förskolan. Syftet är att undersöka och analysera så kallade dramakompetenta förskollärares erfarenheter och resonemang om vilka förutsättningar drama kan ha i mångkulturella barngrupper. Med förutsättningar menas såväl möjligheter som utmaningar. Studien genomfördes i södra Sverige genom individuella semistrukturerade intervjuer med två dramakompetenta förskollärare, som avser förskollärare som har kunskap och erfarenhet av drama, såväl i som utanför arbetet. De dramakompetenta förskollärarna ingår även i en särskild dramagrupp på förskolan där de möts för att planera och utvärdera dramaundervisningen. Studien har tagit stöd i och analyserats utifrån fyra olika dramapedagogiska perspektiv för att kunna förstå och analysera förskollärarnas resonemang. Resultatet visar olika förutsättningar med dramaundervisning utifrån de dramakompetenta förskollärarnas erfarenheter och resonemang. Studiens resultat pekar även på att olika förutsättningar med dramaundervisning kan bero på pedagogers förhållningssätt till olika kulturer och ämnet drama. Slutligen visar studien att dramagruppen kan ha en betydelse i verksamheten för att kunna reflektera, diskutera och utvärdera olika förutsättningar i dramaundervisningen tillsammans med andra verksamma pedagoger. 

Background: Radical prostatectomy is an oncological curative treatment method for localized prostate cancer. Complications of the procedure include sexual dysfunction, which negatively affects patients. Objective:The aim was to illuminate patients' experiences of sexual dysfunction after radical prostatectomy. Method: The study was conducted as a literature review with an inductive approach, including 11 research articles from the databases PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO. To answer the purpose of the study, the content of the articles was processed and compiled in several steps. Results: Almost all patients experienced sexual dysfunction which caused them to experience negative self-esteem and self- perceived masculinity. Patients described that the sexual dysfunction worsened in connection with the lack of information about postoperative complications. Patients could to some extent achieve sexual recovery with medication for erectile dysfunction. A good partner relationship was an important emotional support postoperatively. Sexual dysfunction affected relationshipsboth positively and negatively. Conclusion: Patients was negatively affected by sexual dysfunction. Information about complications is crucial to enhance recovery and reduce suffering. The study was valuable for nurses to provide better care for patients who has underwent radical prostatectomy.

Background: The cause of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome is not completely understood, but usually the disease debuts after an infection, exposure to environmental toxins or during stress and major life events. The symptoms are many and varies in severity. It is difficult to diagnose the disease and there are no specific biomarkers for diagnosis. The disease is still unexplored which makes it hard for nurses to help these people in a person-centered way. Purpose/Aim: The purpose was to highlight experiences of living with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. Method: The study was designed as a general literature study, where ten result articles were used. Analysis of the result articles were done according to Popeneo et al. (2021). Results: In the results, three main categories were identified, followed by eight subcategories. The results showed that the disease was perceived to give physical and psychological consequences. The degree of severity of the disease thus varied, but in general was the experience of major limitations. The limitations often led to frustration, loneliness and a need for re-evaluate one’s identity. Strategies for coping and an everyday planning was common. The lack of understanding and ignorance about the disease, created an obstacle between the healthcare and the patients. In addition, the results showed that feelings about recovery and acceptance varied. Conclusion: In order for care to improve and life to change for people living with ME/CFS, more knowledge and understanding about the disease is needed. 

Background: Nurses provide care to prisoners in prisons with health issues such as drug addiction, infectious diseases, and mental health problems that can be grouped on an international level. Purpose: To illuminate nurses experiences of nursing in prisons. Method: A literature review based on eight scientific articles using both qualitative and quantitative methods. The analysis of the resulting articles was content-analytical. Three main themes and four subthemes were formed from the data units analyzed in the resulting articles. Results: Three main themes were identified: The impact of the work environment on nursing, experiences of job satisfaction, and experiences of ethical dilemmas. The first main theme showed how relationships with colleagues, stress, workload and prioritizing safety over care affected nurses work in nursing. The second main theme demonstrated how ethical dilemmas arose in the conflict between healthcare and the culture of defense. The third main theme demonstrated the obstacles to therapeutic relationships. Conclusion: A better understanding of nurses' experiences and limitations in their work within prison healthcare could contribute to strategies and guidelines that improve the nurses working environment and the care provided to prisoners. 

Background: A person-centred approach means a holistic view of the patient where a partnership is established between the patient and the nurse. Personcentred care is perceived as difficult to implement in the daily work in health care. Emergency care environments are characterized by the fact that medical interventions must be prioritized in the first place and there is little time available in critical situations. A conflict between person-centred care and medical interventions might occur. Aim: The aim was to illustrate the nurse’s experience of a person-centred approach in emergency care environments. Method: A general literature study in which ten articles were reviewed and processed using content analysis. Results: The nurse experienced barriers and promoting factors a person-centred approach in emergency care environments Hindering factors are related to lack of time and high workload, lack of organizational support, limiting routines, the nurse’s lack of interest and emotional stress. Promoting factors are related to patient relationship, communication, knowledge and competence, collaboration in teams, organizational support and job satisfaction. Conclusion: The nurses experience that a person-centred approach in emergency care environments could improve the quality of care and increase job satisfaction.

The purpose of the study is to highlight the reasoning behind the bookchoices made by kindergarden teachers in a kindergarden enviroment.Through semi structured interviews we explore the reasoning for thethoughts behind the books being picked to be a part of the availableselection for the children and the teachers to work with. The reasonings anddilemmas presented is put in relations to the sociocultural perspective andthe associated concepts such as mediation, remediation and cultural tools aswell as the curiculum and goal-directed education. The thematic analysisshows that the reasonings behind the book choices mostly depend on theinterests of the children, either through the individual or group perspective.The results shines a light on the complex reasonings behind selecting booksto use, it’s limitations and possibilities when it comes to them being thefoundation of the education. In summary, the study shows that thekindergarden teacher’s perspectives about the election revolves around thechildrens interests a majority of the time. Their reasonings depends onfactors such as themes or projects, the age of the children, their interests andneeds as well as the kindergarden teacher’s interpretations of said interestsand needs. Since the reasonings cover vastly different lines of though, thestudy illuminates a wide overview on how they navigate the book selection.

Background: In today’s multicultured world nurses will meet people from different cultural backgrounds and nursing students will have to develop their transcultural competence to meet the cultural needs this leads to. Transcultural nursing means that a person’s culture affects the nursing care. The phenomenon is closely connected to personcentered care in which establishing relationships and communication are meaningful aspects. The nurse education lacks in teaching transcultural nursing and needs to improveits practical and theoretical education to attain good nursing care. Aim: The aim was to describe nursing students’ competence within transcultural nursing. Method: The study was made as a general literature review with an inductive approach from eleven result studies. Result: The data analysis ledto the two main categories Nursing students experienced challenges during clinical training education and Nursing students positive experiences of transcultural nursing with respective subcategory Communication challenges and Will to develop transcultural competence. Conclusion: Nursing students experience their transcultural competence as lacking and they meet several challenges to provide transcultural nursing but also positive aspects when it is being accommodated. Transcultural nursing needs to be integrated in the nursing education to better prepare students for working life.

Background: Sexual violence against women is a widespread social issue that leads to serious consequences. The societal attitudes towards women creates a stigma of them being more vulnerable, which in turn reflects on the statistics of sexual violence cases. Many women have concerns about how they will be treated when seeking care. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze how women who have been exposed to sexual violence experience the treatment in healthcare. Method: The design of the study was a general literature study where ten original articles were retrieved and used as the basis for the results. Results: Based on the ten scientific articles, five main categories were presented: the women’s experiences of the nurses’ attitudes, experiences of lack in communication, experiences of decreased trust in healthcare, the experience of not receiving adequate healthcare and need of education and knowledge. The main finding in the results showed that there are absent of proper treatment as the nurses’ prejudices and attitudes affect the nurse’s approach towards the sexually assaulted women and this results in poor healthcare. Conclusion: The conclusion is that more research is needed into the nurse’s attitudes and prejudices for a change to take place. In this way sexually assaulted women will receive better and more comprehensive care. 

Background Waves of the brown algae sargassum have been floating over the Caribbean for years, but most noticeably during the last decade, since 2011. The overwhelming amount of sargassum has been linked to climate change and the release of fertilisers into the ocean. Sargassum has been shown to cause negative health effects, including dizziness, nausea, breathing difficulties, and eczema. Objective The purpose of the study has been to explore how Guadeloupe is handling the seaweed sargassum, and how inhabitants’ health and lifestyle are affected. Method As a data collection method, ten informants were interviewed through semi-structured interviews. The informants have consisted of nongovernmental organisations, the health care sector and organisations within the tourism and marine sector. Results The results show an increased amount of concern about the health effects linked to the brown algae sargassum and a knowledge gap when it comes to health information about the brown algae. Conclusion The study's conclusion is that more information is needed about the health effects of sargassum, health literacy among the inhabitants requires development, and more effective measures to get rid of brown algae are necessary. In addition, waves of sargassum can be an obstacle for the destination to work for United Nation’s global goals number three -good health and well-being, goal thirteen - climate action, and goal fourteen- life below water.

The purpose of this degree project is to investigate which teaching methods are used by Swedish teachers in primary school classrooms to develop the students' reading comprehension in the subject of Swedish, but also how and why the teachers use these particular methods. This survey is based on responses received from questionnaires sent out (see appendix 2). These questionnaires consisted of ten questions and were sent out to four active teachers around Sweden. The degree project is based on the socio-cultural perspective where discussion and interaction in pairs, as well as support, are central parts. The analysis part of this study has used a thematic analysis which resulted in different main themes. The main themes covered are the following: The circle model, Cooperative strategies and adaptations. In these themes, it appears that teachers use a variety of methods in teaching reading comprehension. These methods contain student-active exercises where the students develop their reading comprehension together with the teacher. The results section also shows how the teachers use these methods.

Background: Constipation is an unpleasant and widespread condition. Symptoms as abdominal distension, abdominal pain, vomiting, fatigue and headache are common with constipation. Previous research shows barriers that prevents patients from communicating their condition, shortcomings in nursing documentation and assessment have been noticed, which negativelyaffect nursing. Aim: The aim was to illustrate the nurse´s experiences of nursing care to patients with constipation. Method: A literature study based on nine scientific articles, three was quantitative, two qualitative and fourmixed methods. The articles were analyzed according to Popenoe et al. (2021) and four main categories was designed. Results: The results were presented in four main categories: (i) experiences of nursing care with positive effect, (ii) experiences of obstacles in the nursing care, (iii) experiences of education, knowledge and cooperation in the nursing care and (iv) experiences of other nursing measures. Conclusion: The results show nurses experiences of organizational obstacles such as lack of time and that nursing care for constipation was de-prioritized and that there also were favorable nursing measures related to lifestyle factors that nurses needto use to a greater extent. There was also a need for increased education in constipation and assessment tools. Further research is needed on how the care can be organized to ensure nurses conditions to provide personcentered care and reduce the use of laxatives.

Abstract

Moths are a vulnerable group when exposed to night lighting, it affects their basic drives such as foraging and reproduction and increases their mortality through stress and increased risk of predation. Dark and illuminated localities in Halmstads’ urban green areas were inventoried to study the impact of night illumination on the number of individuals and species diversity of moths. In the study, significant differences were found in the individual number of moths and species diversity between the dark and illuminated localities, which could not be significantly correlated to illuminance present in the localities. However, there were indications that illuminance may still have negatively affected the number of individuals and species diversity of moths in this study. There was one illuminated locality that stood out from the rest where species diversity was the third highest measurement from the entire study, which can possibly be attributed to the presence of flowering shrubs. Therefore we suggest that flowering shrubbery can be implemented as a measure to prevent the impact of night illumination on moth populations and becomes the basis for supplementary and follow-up studies of the subject.

The school nurse, active in student health services, is required to promote the health of the students at school. Use of tobacco-free nicotine products, such as e-cigarettes and white snuff, has increased among adolescents. In order to promote better health education and work towards the prevention of nicotine addiction in the next generation, it is important to explore the adverse effects of addiction. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of various school nurses in working towards the prevention of tobacco-free nicotine product usage among adolescents in secondary school. Method: This is a qualitative study based on ten semi-structured interviews with school nurses in Halland, Sweden, manifesting the analysis using an inductive approach. Results: Results were classified into five categories: Teaching and information, relationship to the students, relationship to the guardians, health promotion through health talks, support from management, as well as 11 subcategories and quotes from participants confirming the result. Conclusion: There are no clear guidelines as to how school nurses currently work with nicotine prevention. However, it should be required that the next generation be taught the harmful effects of nicotine to their health and what nicotine addiction can lead to in the future. 

Background: In 2021 24 500 persons in Sweden had a stroke. A consequence of stroke is post-stroke fatigue (PSF). PSF can be a hindrance to rehabilitation, return to work and have a negative effect on quality of life and mortality. Aim: The aim was to highlight person’s experiences of fatigue following stroke. Method: A general literature review where 11 articles were examined for scientific quality and analyzed with qualitative content analysis. Results: Four categories: Experiences of fatigue as a challenge, which highlights PSF as unpredictable and limiting. Experiences of fatigue and a need to face life in a new way highlights how the persons had to adapt how they lived their lives and viewed themselves. Experiences of fatigue and the need for knowledge highlights how the persons experienced the information from health care professionals. Experiences of fatigue and understanding from people close to them highlights the importance of a supporting social network. Conclusion: Persons with PSF and their social network has a mutual and extensive need of education about PSF. A person-centered approach based on knowledge should characterize the nurses work with persons with PSF. More research on how to better treat and care for persons with PSF is needed.

The aim of this study is to find out if the Heath Hare Lepus timidus sylvaticus have had a positive effect on the culturally favored flora on the island of Hållö, on the Swedish west coast. Even though the island has been unmanaged and un grazed by livestock for decades, there are records of typical meadow plants like Briza media, Centaurea jacea and Saxifraga granulata as far into the 20th century as 1990. Could the abundant presence of the Heath Hare Lepus timidus sylvaticus, as documented in older literature, have had a beneficial impact on the indicator species and biological diversity recorded at Hållö in previous vascular plant inventories?

A better understanding of the role of the Swedish heath hare and its role in natural grazing areas can assist managers in working more effectively and efficiently with conservation efforts in protected areas. The heath hare is experiencing a significant decline on the mainland due to competition from the European hare Lepus europaeus due to hybridization and competition. Using isolated islands as refuges to secure the species’ survival in Sweden might be a valid solution.

In order to study the impacts of grazing by the heath hare, three field studies were conducted. Inventories were conducted to assess the occurrence of plants favored by grazing. The vegetation growth was then examined using sample plots where grazing was prevented by fencing the area, and the results were compared with the growth in unfenced control areas. To estimate the number of heath hares on Hållö, an inventory by distance sampling was made. The findings of this study indicate that many of the indicator species that were previously present on Hållö are not found today, and several characteristic species associated with overgrowth, such as Filipendula ulmaria, Urtica dioica, and Arrhenatherum elatius, are abundant. Furthermore, it can be observed that the historically dense population of mountain hares, numbering 150–250 individuals, has now been reduced to a population of around 20 individuals, and this year's reproduction appears to have been unsuccessful. An introduction of heath hare from another island population into the Hållö polulation would probably benefit both the heath hares as well as the local flora.

Lifestyle-related diseases are increasing in the world and in Sweden. Through health promotion work, risk factors and unhealthy lifestyle habits can be identified. This has led to the introduction of targeted health dialogues to specific age groups in several regions in Sweden and now in Region Halland. It has not yet been mapped how healthcare worker's experience leading targeted health dialogues according to the region-wide routine in Halland. The purpose of the study was to investigate the healthcare worker's experiences of leading targeted health dialogues with 40-year-olds during the pilot phase in Region Halland in 2023. The method used was a qualitative interview study with an inductive approach. The results led to four main categories: Targeted health dialogues are experienced as meaningful, Supporting tools in the health dialogues, The importance of cooperation in teams and Influence factors in the work with targeted health dialogues. Conclusion: The healthcare worker's experiencedtargeted health dialogues as meaningful. The region-wide routine with the method was perceived as structured and easy to use, the digital tool “Webbstöd” needs to be improved to facilitate the work and increase patient safety. Continuous supervision and feedback in the Motivational interviewing (MI) method could contribute to increased security in the method. Clear leadership, supportive colleagues and sufficient time wereimportant influencing factors in the implementation of targeted health dialogues. Future studies should focus on exploring the participant's experiences of the health dialogues as well as an evaluation of whether the implementation was successful.

Background: Psoriasis is an autoimmune, inflammatory and chronic skin disease with impaired skin barrier due to structural and functional deviations on the stratum corneum. The goal for treatment is to decrease the spread of the disease and symptoms so that people to a smaller extent get affected in their everyday lives. The Aim: The aim of this study was to describe how people suffering from psoriasis are affected by the disease in their everyday lives. Method: A general literature study design was used. 11 articles were analyzed to identify relevant information which later was color grouped and data was categorized. Results: Three categories were found; physical impact of psoriasis, psychological impact of psoriasis and social impact of psoriasis. Conclusion/Implications: Everyday life for people suffering from psoriasis was affected to a great extent when symtoms meant both physical, psychological and social limitations. There is a great need for person centered care for people with psoriasis. Nurses shall protect patients and apply person centered care. Developing person centered care is of importance for healthcare to be able to meet the needs of people with psoriasis. 

Background: The number of patients with chronic kidney failure continues to increase worldwide. When the kidney function gets worse, a kidney replacement therapy is needed. Haemodialysis is a treatment alternative that takes place at a treatment facility two to three times a week for three to four hours per session. The time-consuming treatment can affect the patients’quality of life (QoL) because it means a major life change. Aim: To highlight the patients’ experience of QoL during haemodialysis treatment. Method: The study was designed as a general literature study. Twelvearticles were analysed and formed three themes. Results: The results of the patients' experiences resulted in three themes. The three themes were the patients' experience of symptoms, the patients' ability of accepting the illness and the patients' experience of social conditions. Conclusion: The patients' everyday life is affected by the haemodialysis, which affect the QoL negatively. Nursing includes helping the patient improve its QoL.Conversations about the patients' QoL and the use of an existing measuring instrument allow the nurse to identify the patients' individual need for care related to QoL. Further research on nursing interventions to alleviate patient suffering from haemodialysis treatment and increase QoL may be needed.

Background: Stroke is a common cause of permanent injuries and disabilities. Within inpantient care there is significally more support and research on recovering from a stroke in contrast to at home. It is therefore important to highlight this area in order to give the nurse a deeper understanding of the challenges and experiences of suffering from a stroke at home in order to promote an effective recovery and quality of life. Aim: The aim of this study was to highlight the experience of recovery at home after a stroke. Method: This litterature study had an inductive approach where eleven articles were analyzed. The results of the articles were then compiled to describe the state of knowledge within the chosen subject. Results: The litterature search resulted in two categories: Feeling limitedwith the subcategories of mental burden: A struggle within, Changed lifestyle, Home environment and its challenges and the second category was Need for support. Conclusion: The results reflect an increased psychological, physical and social impact. Continuous support socially and professionally increases the recovery process. More research in the area may result in a broader knowledge about the experience of recovering at home. This can give nurses more tools and an increased understanding to create agood holistic care environment.

Background: An organ transplant is a life-saving operation when an organ has stopped working or is working inadequate. An organ transplant changes a child's quality of life, but complications and medication can often cause suffering. It is a transformative experience for parents to go through a child's organ transplant. The nurse can help both children and parents through the process by being sensitive to the needs of the family. Aim: To shed light on parents’ experiences of having a child who has undergone an organ transplant. Method: The study is a general literature study containing ten scientific articles. The articles were processed with inspiration from content analysis. Result: Three main categories emerged: (i) experiences of the new everyday life, (ii) experiences of relationships, (iii) experiences of anxiety about the future. Conclusion: The parents felt that the child's organ transplant made life easier, but it was also seen as a false hope for a better life. The social life was limited and there were both a negative and positive impact on the parents’ relationships. The parents also experienced anxiety about not knowing what the future would entail. Parents need support and information from the nurse to cope with looking after and caring for a seriously ill child who has undergone an organ transplant. 

The individual parenting interview at the child health center for the father or the non-carrying parent takes place when the child is between 3-5 months of age, to be able to support and confirm the parent in his or her role. Despite this, not everyone shows up for the appointment. Aim: The purpose of the study was to highlight child health nurse’s experiences of conditions for a individual parenting conversation to take place with the father or the nonbirth parent. Method: Qualitative interview study with 10 Child health nurses. The analysis was based on "The Classic Analysis Strategy" by Kreuger and Casey, with an inductive approach. Results: One main category was identified: Conditions for a favorable individual parenting conversation with four subcategories: Child health nurse’s education, Child health nurse’s informative role, Equal parenting and affirmation and inclusiveness. Conclusion: The study revealed that the prerequisites for an individual parenting conversation to take place with the non-birthing parent were education, knowledge of the profession, gender equality in parenting and that the parent prioritizes the conversation. By informing the parents about the meaning of the individual conversation and how the attachment to the child plays a role in the child's development, better health can be achieved.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the central nervous system and causes greater or lesser functional impairments in the affected person. The family member needs emotional, practical, and informational support to be able to help their sick relative. Nurses play a crucial role in meeting with the relatives of MS patients but currently, patients feel there are shortcomings in the guidance and support they receive from nurses. Purpose: The aim was to highlight family members' experiences of living with a relative who has multiple sclerosis. Method: A literature study with analysis of eleven articles. Result: Relatives experienced changes in life related to changing family roles, adaptation, always being on guard, and financial challenges. Relatives expressed feelings of uncertainty and worry due to the unpredictable progression of the disease and the family member's future. Some relatives experienced mental problems such as stress, depression, and anxiety. Some relatives accepted the situation despite the disease and used various strategies such as adapting and changing activities, the environment, and life situation. Family members felt the need for support from healthcare professionals. Other relatives found support through religion and various MS organizations. Conclusion/Implication: Nurses, with knowledge about the perspective of the family member, can support and balance self-care ability in both the relative and the sick family member, and implement appropriate measures.

Background: In municipal health care the district nurse has main responsibility for drug delegation. The task is complex, time consuming and places high demands on patient safety. Deficiencies in connection with drug delegation may put patient safety at risk which could lead to suffering for the patient and to increased costs for the society, therefore it is important to explore the district nurse's experiences related to drug delegation and patient safety. Aim: To describe the district nurse’s experience of patientsafety in conjunction with drug delegation in municipal health care. Method: A qualitative interview study based on nine semi structured interviews with district nurses in municipal health care in Halland and Västra Götaland county in Sweden was performed. A manifest qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach was used. Results: Two main categories: basic prerequisites for patient safety and obstacles to patient safety with six subcategories and quotes from the informants which confirms the result. Conclusion: To maintain and promote high patient safety the district nurse must both have an opportunity to supervise and educate nursing staff in drug management and the time to follow up on drug delegations. 

Background: Treatment of chronic ulcer is a constant challenge in the healthcare and require a lot of time from the nurse and the patient, in addition to being painful for the patient. In Sweden, until 2023 there has been no national careprogram for chronic ulcer. Regional or local guidelines have therefore been the theoretical-basis for a nurse, in addition to previously acquired knowledge, colleagues, best practice at the workplace or in uncertainty. Purpose: The purpose was to investigate nurses' experiences of treating chronic ulcer. Method: The study was conducted as a general literature study with inductive approaches and the results were based on eleven qualitative articles and one quantitative article, from two different databases. Results: Three categories emerged; committed, knowledge-intensive and challenging. The result showed that nurse´sexperienced a sense of making a difference and a commitment to ensure best practice in the care of chronic ulcer. On the other hand, the care of chronic ulcer was perceived to require knowledge and to be challenging due to the lack of time due to competing work-tasks. Conclusion: The nurse should increase knowledge in the care of chronic ulcer, to reduce the patient's suffering by providing optimal treatment and shortening the length.

The performance versus interpretability trade-off has been well-established in the literature for many years in the context of machine learning models. This paper demonstrates its twin, namely the data-centric performance versus interpretability trade-off. In a case study of bearing fault diagnosis, we found that substituting the original acceleration signal with a demodulated version offers a higher level of interpretability, but it comes at the cost of significantly lower classification performance. We demonstrate these results on two different datasets and across four different machine learning algorithms. Our results suggest that “there is no free lunch,” i.e., the contradictory relationship between interpretability and performance should be considered earlier in the analysis process than it is typically done in the literature today; in other words, already in the preprocessing and feature extraction step. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

This essay analyzes the novel Their Eyes Were Watching God written by Zora Neale Hurston, 1937. The main focus is how the protagonist Janie uses her voice to subvert patriarchal oppression. In this essay my hypothesis is that she has a voice all along. However, it evolves due to her ability to engage in activities that are subversive to patriarchy. Her journey throughout the novel is a journey where the oppression from her relationships only makes her grow stronger as a woman. During her journey towards self-revelation as an empowered woman, she gradually gains her freedom and her own authentic voice by asserting control over her body and thoughts. The main theoretical terms of this essay are used in direct link to the struggles and achievements of formulating the self in a male dominated society. What I aim to achieve with this essay is to show how Janie emerges as a subject with a voice of her own in Hurston’s novel.